1、動詞的用法,英語語法詞性詳解二動詞,二、動詞的分類,(1),(3),(2),一、動詞的定義,三、動詞的時態(tài),四、非謂語動詞,五、被動語態(tài),1.一般現(xiàn)在時,2.一般過去時,3.一般將來時,4.現(xiàn)在進行時,5.過去進行時,6.現(xiàn)在完成時,7.過去完成時,8.過去將來時,六、動詞的基本形式,一。動詞的定義,動詞是用來表示主語做什么，是什么，或怎么樣的詞。 eg: The boy runs fast. The boy is a student .,二、按詞義和句中的作用，動詞可以分為四類,返回,1) 系動詞,作為系動詞，后邊必須跟表語，構成系表結構說明主語的狀況、性質、特征等情況。系動詞后不可接副詞，

2、接的是形容詞。常見的系動詞有：be, 感官動詞（feel, smell, sound, taste, look),變得（become, grow, turn, fall（asleep）, get, go, come。）。 This kind of cloth feels very soft. He became mad after that.,二、短語動詞,：由一些動詞和其它詞構成短語，表達一個完整的意思。其構成方式如下,返回,三、按動詞的形式可以分為謂語動詞和非謂語動詞,1、謂語動詞(如下),2、非謂語動詞,返回,2、非謂語動詞,1.一般現(xiàn)在時,（1）表示經常發(fā)生或習慣性的動作或狀態(tài),（2）

3、表示主語現(xiàn)在的性格、特征、能力,（3）表示客觀事實或普遍用法,（4）用于狀語從句代替一般將來時,eg.Weoftenwritetoeachother. 我們時常相互通信。,常與always，usually，often，sometimes，everyday，onceaweek，yearly每年，monthly每月， 等時間狀語或頻率副詞連用。,eg.He works hard.他努力工作,eg.The sun rises in the east. Light goes faster than sound,eg.You will succeed if you try .,I will tell h

4、im about it as soon as I see him next Monday.,常與連詞：when , as soon as , before , after , until , if 如果，等引導的時間狀語或條件狀語從句,2.一般過去時,(1).表示過去某一時間點發(fā)生的動作或所處的狀態(tài). e.g. He arrived in Hangzhou an hour ago. Where were you just now?,(2).表示過去某一時間里反復出現(xiàn)的動作或狀態(tài). e.g. Their children often went hungry in the old days. Du

5、ring his middle school years, he played football nearly every day.,(3).表示主語過去的特征或性格等. e.g. At that time she spoke very good English.,(4).一般過去時往往和明確的過去時間狀語連用.如:yesterday, last night, two days (months, weeks) ago, in 1996, at that time 等,也常和when, if等引導的狀語從句連用. e.g. Did you play volleyball yesterday af

6、ternoon? My father, when he was a child, worked 15 hours for the landlord a day.,(5).一般過去時可與today, this week, this month等時間狀語連用. e.g. I saw him today. He came late three times this week.,練習,返回,一般過去時的練習,1. I saw him this morning.（改為否定句、疑問句并做回答）,2. He came late three times this week.（同上）,3. Jim came l

7、ate three times this week.(分別對a,b,c,d提問) a b c d,4. AI_(be) 12 last year. B_(be)the doctor in the hospital last night? No, he_(be not). C. What _he_(do) yesterday? He_(draw)some pictures in the park.,5.A. _ _a sweater on the desk just now. B. There are some children in the aquarium now. (用 yesterday

8、替換 now) _ _some children in the aquarium yesterday. C. There were some buildings here in the past. (改為一般疑問句) _ _ _ buildings here in the past?,返回,3.一般將來時,a.will / shall +動詞原形(備：在口語中，shall和will?？s寫成ll，緊接在主語之后。其否定式shall not和will not的簡略式分別為shant和wont),(1)構成,b. be going to + 動詞原形,c. be + 動詞-ing形式（動詞-ing形

9、式通常是表示位置轉移的動詞，如arrive, come, go, leave, move, start, stay, get等）,d.be + 動詞不定式 （例：You are to be back before 10:00 p.m. 你必須在上午10點前回來。表示按計劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事 ）,(2)用法,表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。,表示將要反復發(fā)生的動作,(3)常用結構,用于祈使句 + and + 陳術句中。Eg.Work hard and you will succeed.,與表示時間或條件的狀語從句連用。If you ask him, he will help you., 用于I

10、 expect, Im sure, I think, I wonder + 賓語從句中。 I dont think the test will be very difficult.,返回,練習,4.現(xiàn)在進行時,(1)意義：a.表示說話的此刻正在進行的動作。 常與now, the moment等連用。,(2)構成：主語+be+現(xiàn)在分詞(v.+ing),練習,返回,例:Listen! Mary is singing an English song in the classroom.,b.表示現(xiàn)在時間段中正在進行的動作。,例:They are planting trees on the hill t

11、hese days.,c.表示一種重復的動作，帶有“厭惡”、“贊嘆”等感情色彩。,例:My brother is always leaving things about.,注:現(xiàn)在進行時往往與always連用，給現(xiàn)在的動作披上一層感情色彩。,現(xiàn)在進行時的練習,1. What are you _(do) now? I _(eat) bread.,2.Its nine oclock. My father_(work) in the office.,3. Look, the boy_(put) the rubbish into the bin.,4._he_(clean) the classroom

12、? No, he isnt. He_(play).,5.Where is Mak? He_(run) on the grass.,6. Listen, who_(sing) in the music room? Oh, Mary_(sing) there.,7.The birds are singing in the tree.(就劃線部分提問).,8.The children are playing games near the house.(就劃線部分提問),9.The Young Pioneers are helping the old woman.(改成一般疑問句),返回,5.過去進行

13、時,(1)意義：,（2）構成：主語+was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞,1表示過去某一時刻正在進行的動作。如： What were you doing when I phoned you last night?,2表示過去某段時間正在進行的動作。 如：They were building a dam last winter. 去年冬天他們在建一個大壩。,3用于come, go, leave, start, arrive等表示位置轉移的動詞，以表示過去將要發(fā)生的動作。如： They wanted to know when we were leaving for Shanghai.,返回,練習,6.現(xiàn)在完

14、成時,（1）意義：現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已經完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果,也可表示過去已經開始,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。,（2）結構：助動詞have/has + 動詞的過去分詞,（3）四大標志詞： * 以already, just和yet為標志：表示到現(xiàn)在為止動作或狀態(tài)已經、剛剛或還沒有發(fā)生 * 以ever和never為標志：表示到現(xiàn)在為止動作或狀態(tài)曾經或從來沒有發(fā)生過 * 以動作發(fā)生的次數(shù)為標志：He says he has been to the USA three times. * 以so far為標志：表示到目前為止動作或狀態(tài)已經發(fā)生,（4）注：a.*“終止”、“延續(xù)”要轉換

15、常見的有:come-be, go out -be out, leave-be away (from), begin-be on, buy-have, borrow-keep , join-be a member / 介詞短語, die-be dead, become-be, open(v.)-be open(adj.) 等。 b. * 時間“點”、“段”須分清 for+時間段 since+過去某一時刻,返回,練習,現(xiàn)在完成時的練習,A)選用have, has填空: 1.I _ told him the news. 2.She _ come back from school. 3.You _ w

16、on the game.,B)按要求改寫下列各句: 4.They have bought a computer.(改成否定句) 5.He has lost his book.(先改成一般疑問句,再作肯定與否定回答),C) 單項選擇6. -Where have you _, Kate?-Ive _ to the bank.A. gone, goneB. been, beenC. gone, beenD. been, gone 7. Her grandfather _ for two years. A. diedB. has diedC. has been deadD. has been died

17、 8. Its six weeks _ I met you last.A. whenB. sinceC. beforeD. for 9. Tom and Jack _ West Hill Farm already.A. have gotB. have gone toC. have been toD. have reached,返回,7.過去完成時,(1)概念:過去完成時表示在過去某一時刻或某一動作之前已經發(fā)生的動作或情況，即：過去的過去。如: When we got there, the football match had already started. 當我們趕到時，足球比賽已經開始了。

18、,(2)構成:肯定句：主語+had+過去分詞+其他 否定句：主語+had not+過去分詞+其他 疑問句：Had+主語+過去分詞+其他,(3)用法: A.表示在過去某一時間之前已完成的動作，表示對這一過去時間造成的結果或影響。常用以下幾種方式： (1) 用by，before等構成的介詞短語。 eg:Linda had learnt 10 English songs by the end of last month. (2) 用when, before, after等引導的時間狀語從句。 eg:The train had started before we got to the station.

19、 B. 過去完成時還可以表示過去某一時間以前發(fā)生開始的動作持續(xù)到這一過去的時間。常與for, since引導的表示一段時間的短語或從句連用。 eg:I had worked in a hospital for three years before I came here.,返回,練習,8.過去將來時,（1）意義：表示以過去的某時來看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),常用在賓語從句中.,（2）構成：主語+would/should+動詞原形 主語+was/were+going to +動詞原形,例:I didnt know if she would come. I wasnt sure whether

20、he would do it . I didnt know if she was going to come. Wang Lei said that she was going to visit her uncle next Sunday.,返回,練習,1. We often_(play) in the playgound. 2. He _(get) up at six oclock. 3. _you _(brush) your teeth every morning. 4. What(do) he usually (do) after school? 5. Danny (study) Eng

21、lish,Chinese,Maths,Science and Art at school. 6. Mike sometimes _(go) to the park with his sister. 7. At eight at night, she _(watch) TV with his parents. 8. _ Mike_(read) English every day? 9. How many lessons_your classmate_(have) on Monday? 10. What time_his mother_(do) the housework?,返回,一般現(xiàn)在時的練習

22、（1）,下一頁,一般現(xiàn)在時的練習（2）,9. My dog runs fast. （改為否定句、一般疑問句）,10. Mike has two letters for him. （改為否定句、一般疑問句）,11. I usually play football on Friday afternoon. （改為否定句、一般疑問句并對劃線部分提問）,12. Su Yang usually washes some clothes on Saturday.（同上） 13. Mingming usually waters the flowers every day （同上） 14. Tom does h

23、is homework at home. （同上）,返回,上一頁,英語動詞的五種基本形式及變化規(guī)則1,英語動詞有五種基本形式。它們是動詞原形、第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在時（簡稱單三）、過去式、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。這五種形式和助動詞一起構成英語的各種時態(tài)和語態(tài)等。,例：,1、單三形式變化規(guī)則,（1）一般動詞在詞尾加- s, 在清輔音后讀 /s / ,在濁輔音或元音后讀 / z / ;在t后讀/ ts /, 在d后讀 / dz /。例如：help helps ，swim swims,（2）以字母s, x, ch , sh 結尾的動詞加- es, 讀/ iz/ , 在d后讀/ dz/.以o結尾的動詞也加es，

24、讀/ z /。例如：guess guesses，teach teaches，go goes,（3）以輔音字母加y結尾的動詞，先變y為i，再加-es，讀/ z /。例如： fly flies carry carries,注： be is have has,下一頁,返回,2. 動詞- ing形式的構成：,（1） 一般在動詞末尾加-ing. 例如:go going，ask asking,（2）以不發(fā)音字母e結尾的動詞,先去掉e,再加-ing. 例如:write writing，close closing，take taking,（3）以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾的動詞，如果末尾只有一個輔音字母，應先雙寫這一字母

25、，再加-ing. 例如：get getting，sit sitting，put putting，run running，begin beginning,3. 規(guī)則動詞過去式的構成,（1）一般在動詞原形末尾加-ed.結尾是e 的動詞直接加-d.例如:look looked，play played，live lived，hope hoped,（2）末尾只有一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加-ed. 例如：stop stopped，plan planned，trip tripped,（3）結尾是“輔音字母+y”的動詞，先變“y”為“i”再加-ed. 例如:study studied

26、，carry carried,下一頁,返回,上一頁,2,（4）詞尾-ed的讀音,i. 在濁輔音和元音后面讀為/ d / .例如:called，moved,ii 在濁輔音后面讀為/ t / . 例如：finished ,helped,iii 在/ t / , / d /音后面讀為/ id / . 例如：wanted ,shouted,(5)不規(guī)則動詞過去式,常見的不規(guī)則動詞的過去式有:am/is was,are were,go went,have had,do did,get got,come came,say said,see sawput put,eat ate,take took等 詳見課

27、本后附錄并熟記！,補： There be 結構“There is /are +某物 / 某人 +某地 / 某時”這樣一種句型.句子中的is /are 和后面所跟的名詞在數(shù)的方面必須一致。,（1）肯定句There is (Theres) a train in the picture.,（2）否定句There is not (isnt) a picture on the wall .There are not (arent) any birds in the tree .,（3）疑問句和簡略答語Is there a girl under the tree? Yes ,there is . /No

28、,there is not(isnt). Are there any glasses on the table ? Yes, there are. / No, there are not （arent）How many days are there in a week?There are seven.,返回,上一頁,3,過去時的練習(1),1. -Where is Jim? -He _ to the shop. Hell be back in an hour. A. goes B. go C. has gone D. will go 2. I dont think I _ you in tha

29、t dress before. A. have seen B. was seeing C. saw D. see 3. Im sorry youve missed the train. It _10 minutes ago. A. left B. has left C. had left D. has been left 4. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball? - _ you _ your homework yet? A. Do; finish B. Are; finishing C. Did; finish D. Have; finished 5

30、. -I dont know if his uncle_. -I think he_if it doesnt rain. A. will come; comes B. will come; will come C. comes; will come D. comes; comes 6. -Excuse me, look at the sign: NO PHOTOS! -Sorry, I_it. A. dont see B. didnt see C. havent seen D. wont see,下一頁,7. I think you were in a hurry. You_your swea

31、ter inside out. A. had worn B. Wore C. were wearing D. are wearing 8. The traffic in our city is already bad and it_even worse. A. gets B. got C. has got D. is getting 9. -Has Jack finished his homework yet? -I have no idea. He_ it this morning. A. was doing B. had been doing C. has done D. did 10.

32、-Sorry, I forget to post the letter for you. -Never mind, _ it myself tonight. A. Im going to post B. Ive decided to post C. Ill post D. Id rather post,Key: 1-5 CAADB6-10 BDDAC,過去時的練習(2),下一頁,Practice(1),1. His father _ ( took , was taking ) a walk in the street when I met him . 2. The glass _ (dropp

33、ed , was dropping ) to the ground and broke into pieces . 3. Jack told me he _ ( came , would come ) back next month. 4. Kate _ (cleaned , was cleaning ) the windows the day before yesterday . 5. I knew she _ ( was going , had been ) to Shanghai twice . 6. Who _ ( sang , was singing ) at ten last ni

34、ght ? 7. I _ (talked , was talking ) with Mrs. Green at this time yesterday . 8. The two students _ ( fought , was fighting ) when the teacher walked into the room .,下一頁,Practice(2),用動詞的適當形式完成句子。 1. I _ (get )two postcards from her last week . 2. They _ not _ ( stay ) there long because it was late

35、. 3. Who _ (live ) in that room last week ? 4. Yesterday I _ ( see ) him in the street . 5. _ ( be ) he a driver three years ago ? 6. He said he _ ( go ) to New York next month . 7. I _ ( do )my homework when my mother came back . 8. The students _ ( be )not in the classroom at that time . 9. _ he _

36、 ( play )basketball with his son yesterday afternoon? 10. I _ ( wash ) my sport shoes just then .,下一頁,根據中文意思，用下列英文提示詞語造句。 1. 該是學習數(shù)學的時間了。 study maths 2. 這棵樹和那棵樹一樣高。 this tree , is , tall , that one 3. 靠我一個人來移動這樣床對我來說是很困難的。 difficult , me , move , bed 4. 這張床如此重以至于我移不動它。 the bed , is , heavy , I cant m

37、ove , it 5. 昨天洗運動鞋花了我半小時的時間。 me , half an hour , wash , my sport shoes , yesterday,1. Its time to study maths.,2. This tree is as tall as that one .,3. It is difficult for me to move the bed by myself.,4. The bed is so heavy that I cant move it .,5. It took me half an hour to wash my sport shoes yes

38、terday .,Practice(3),返回,一般將來時的練習(1),( ) 1. There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be ( ) 2. Charlie _ here next month. A. isnt working B. doesnt working C. isnt going to working D. wont work ( ) 3. He _ very busy this week, he _

39、free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be ( ) 4. There _ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening. A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be ( ) 5. _ you _ free tomorrow? No. I _ free the day after tomorrow. A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to

40、be; will C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be,下一頁,返回,一般將來時的練習(2),( ) 6. Mother _ me a nice present on my next birthday. A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. give ( ) 7. Shall I buy a cup of tea for you? _. （不，不要。） A. No, you wont. B. No, you arent. C. No, please dont. D. No, plea

41、se. ( ) 8. Where is the morning paper? I _ if for you at once. A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get ( ) 9. _ a concert next Saturday? A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are ( ) 10. If they come, we _ a meeting. A. have B. will have C. had D. would have,下一頁,返回,一般將來時的練習(3

42、),( ) 11. He _ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday. A. gives B. gave C. will give D. is going to giving ( ) 12. He _ to us as soon as he gets there. A. writes B. has written C. will write D. wrote ( ) 13. He _ in three days. A. coming back B. came back C. will come back D. is going to coming ba

43、ck ( ) 14. If it _ tomorrow, well go roller-skating. A. isnt rain B. wont rain C. doesnt rain D. doesnt fine ( ) 15. Will his parents go to see the Terra Cotta Warriors tomorrow? No, _ （不去）. A. they willnt. B. they wont. C. they arent. D. they dont.,下一頁,返回,一般將來時的練習(4),( ) 16. Who _ we _ swimming wit

44、h tomorrow afternoon? A. will; go B. do; go C. will; going D. shall; go ( ) 17. We _ the work this way next time. A. do B. will do C. going to do D. will doing ( ) 18. Tomorrow he _ a kite in the open air first, and then _ boating in the park. A. will fly; will go B. will fly; goes C. is going to fl

45、y; will goes D. flies; will go ( ) 19. The day after tomorrow they _ a volleyball match. A. will watching B. watches C. is watching D. is going to watch ( ) 20. There _ a birthday party this Sunday. A. shall be B. will be C. shall going to be D. will going to be,下一頁,返回,一般將來時的練習（5）,( ) 21. They _ an

46、English evening next Sunday. A. are having B. are going to have C. will having D. is going to have ( ) 22. _ you _ free next Sunday? A. Will; are B. Will; be C. Do; be D. Are; be ( ) 23. He _ there at ten tomorrow morning. A. will B. is C. will be D. be ( ) 24. _ your brother _ a magazine from the l

47、ibrary? A. Are; going to borrow B. Is; going to borrow C. Will; borrows D. Are; going to borrows ( ) 25. Shall I come again tomorrow afternoon? _ （好的）. A. Yes, please B. Yes, you will. C. No, please. D. No, you wont.,下一頁,返回,一般將來時的練習（6）,( ) 26. It _ the year of the horse next year. A. is going to be

48、B. is going to C. will be D. will is ( ) 27. _ open the window? A. Will you please B. Please will you C. You please D. Do you ( ) 28. Lets go out to play football, shall we? OK. I _. A. will coming B. be going to come C. come D. am coming ( ) 29. It _ us a long time to learn English well. A. takes B

49、. will take C. spends D. will spend ( ) 30. The train _ at 11. A. going to arrive B. will be arrive C. is going to D. is arriving,返回,1. C 2. D 3. D 4.D 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. B 11. D 12. C 13. C 14. C 15. B 16. D 17. B 18. A 19. D 20. B 21. B 22. B 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. A 27. A 28. D 29. B 30.

50、 D,一般將來時練習答案,情態(tài)動詞用法歸納情態(tài)動詞有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 情態(tài)動詞無人稱和數(shù)的變化；不能單獨使用，必須與其后的動詞原形構成謂語,一、 can, could1) 表示能力（體力、知識、技能）。Can you lift this heavy box?（體力）Mary can speak three languages.（知識）Can you skate?（技能）此時可用be able t

51、o代替。Can只有一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去式；而be able to則有更多的時態(tài)。Ill not be able to come this afternoon.當表示“經過努力才得以做成功某事”時應用be able to，不能用Can。如：He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.,2) 表示請求和允許。-Can I go now?- Yes, you can. / No, you cant.此時可與may互換。在疑問句中還可用could,might代替，不是過去式，只是語氣更委婉，不能

52、用于肯定句和答語中。- Could I come to see you tomorrow?- Yes, you can. ( No, Im afraid not. ) 3) 表示客觀可能性（客觀原因形成的能力）。Theyve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.This hall can hold 500 people at least.,4) 表示推測（驚訝、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度），用于疑問句、否定句和感嘆句中。Can this be true?This cant be done by him.How can this be true?,二、 may, might1) 表示請求和允許。might比 may語氣更委婉，而不是過去式。否定回答時可用cant或mustnt，表示“不可以，禁止”。-Might/ May I smoke in this room?- No, you mustnt.- May/Might I take this book out of the room?- Yes, you can. (No, you cant / mustnt. )用May I