1、專題限時檢測(二十二)閱讀理解詞義猜測類之短語猜測題或句意理解題(加的為短語猜測題或句意理解題，本卷限時23分鐘)A(2017南京市、鹽城市高三模擬考試)Youve probably heard such reports. The number of college students majoring in the humanities (人文學科) is decreasing quickly. The news has caused a flood of highminded essays criticizing the development as a symbol of American

2、 decline.The bright side is this: The destruction of the humanities by the humanities is, finally, coming to an end. No more will literature, as part of an academic curriculum, put out the light of literature. No longer will the reading of, say, “King Lear” orDH. Lawrences “Women in Love” result in

3、the annoying stuff of multiplechoice quizzes, exam essays and homework assignments.The discouraging fact is that for every college professor who made Shakespeare or Lawrence come alive for the lucky few, there were countless others who made the reading of literary masterpieces seem like two_hours_in

4、_the_dentists_chair.The remarkably insignificant fact that, a halfcentury ago, 14% of the undergraduate population majored in the humanities (mostly in literature, but also in art, philosophy, history, classics and religion) as opposed to 7% today has given rise to serious reflections on the nature

5、and purpose of an education in the liberal arts.Such reflections always come to the same conclusion: We are told that the lack of a formal education, mostly in literature, leads to numerous harmful personal conditions, such as the inability to think critically, to write clearly, to be curious about

6、other people and places, to engage with great literature after graduation, to recognize truth, beauty and goodness.These serious anxieties are grand, admirably virtuous and virtuously admirable. They are also a mere fantasy.The college teaching of literature is a relatively recent phenomenon. Litera

7、ture did not even become part of the university curriculum until the end of the 19th century. Before that, what came to be called the humanities consisted of learning Greek and Latin, while the Bible was studied in church as the necessary other half of a full education. No one ever thought of teachi

8、ng novels, stories, poems or plays in a formal course of study. They were part of the leisure of everyday life.It was only after World War that the study of literature as a type of wisdom, relevant to actual, contemporary life, put down widespread institutional roots. Soldiers returning home in 1945

9、 longed to make sense of their lives after what they had witnessed and survived. The abundant economy afforded them the opportunity and the time to do so. Majoring in English hit its peak, yet it was this very popularity of literature in the university that spelled its doom, as the academicization o

10、f literary art was accelerated.Literature changed my life long before I began to study it in college. Books took me far from myself into experiences that had nothing to do with my life, yet spoke to my life. But once in the college classroom, this precious, alternate life inside me got thrown back i

11、nto that dimension of my existence that bored me. Homer, Chekhov and Yeats were reduced to right and wrong answers, clearcut themes and clever interpretations. If there is anything to worry about, it should be the disappearance of what used to be an important part of every highschool education: the

12、literature survey course, where books were not academically taught but thoroughly introduced an experience unaffected by stupid commentary and useless testing.The literary classics are places of quiet, useless stillness in a world that despises (鄙視) any activity that is not profitable or productive.

13、 Literature is too sacred to be taught. It needs only to be read.Soon, if all goes well and literature at last disappears from the undergraduate curriculum my fingers are crossed increasing numbers of people will be able to say that reading the literary masterworks of the past outside the college cl

14、assroom, simply in the course of living, is, in fact, their college classroom.1.The author mentions “two hours in the dentists chair” in Paragraph 3 to indicate that _.Athe average literature class in college is two hours longBreading literary works is made unbearable by professorsCit actually does

15、not take long to read the classics of literatureDcollege students dont spend much time on literary masterworks解析：選B句意理解題。根據(jù)該部分所在的語境可知，部分幸運的學生能遇到把莎士比亞或勞倫斯講得有聲有色的教授，而不計其數(shù)的其他教授卻讓文學巨著的閱讀變成一種煎熬。所以對某些學生來說教授們把文學閱讀變成了一種令人難以忍受的經(jīng)歷。2The sharp drop in the number of majors in the humanities _.Ahas given rise to

16、quite a shock in the intellectual worldBpromises the remarkable destruction of the humanitiesCshows more people read literature outside the classroomDhas caused the author to reflect on the nature of literary creation解析：選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“. as opposed to 7% today has given rise to serious reflections o

17、n the nature and purpose of an education in the liberal arts”可知，學習人文學科的學生人數(shù)急劇下降讓知識界感到吃驚，并引起他們的反思。3Which of the following opinions may the author hold?AThe disappearance of literature should be strongly applauded.BLiterature teaching can improve our critical thinking ability.CReading literature doesn

18、t require specialized knowledge and skills.DLiterature should be taught through analyzing different writing styles.解析：選C推理判斷題。結(jié)合作者的閱讀經(jīng)歷，尤其是倒數(shù)第二段中的“Literature is too sacred to be taught. It needs only to be read.”可知，作者認為文學是不需要教的，只需要讀。因此作者認為文學閱讀不需要什么特別的知識和技能。4According to the author, the problem of li

19、terature teaching lies in the fact that _.Ait is a relatively recent phenomenon in educationBliterature teaching is not profitable or productiveCpeople are interested in something more practicalDit is turned into a soulless competition for grades解析：選D推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段，尤其是其中的“. an experience unaffected b

20、y stupid commentary and useless testing”可知，當今文學教學存在的問題是它把文學變成了學生分數(shù)上的一種競爭。5What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?ATo urge college students to read more literary classics.BTo introduce the present situation of literature teaching.CTo voice his opinion on the shrinkage of literature teachi

21、ng.DTo show his serious concern for college literature teaching.解析：選C作者意圖題。縱觀全文，作者就文學教學的衰落發(fā)表了自己的觀點，所以選擇C。6The overall tone of the passage is _.AskepticalBsympatheticCaggressive Dstraightforward解析：選D作者態(tài)度題。結(jié)合全文，作者對目前文學教學所存在的問題坦率地表明了自己的觀點，所以選擇D。skeptical“懷疑的”；sympathetic“同情的”；aggressive“有攻擊性的”；straight

22、forward“率直的，坦率的”。B(2017江蘇省高考名校聯(lián)考)How does the media affect our lives? Does it influence our thinking and behavior? What are the negative influences of the media? Read on to find the negative influences of the media on society you never thought about.The media has negative effects on the physical and

23、 psychological wellbeing of society. People spending hours in front of a television or surfing the Internet experience eye problems. Lack of physical activity leads to obesity problems. The media influences public opinion and impacts the choices that people make. The media has led to a general opini

24、on that thin is in and fat is out. This makes the overweight feel out of place. They are ready to starve themselves to lose weight, which has led to increasing cases of eating disorders. In a survey done on fifth graders, it was found that kids had become dissatisfied with their bodies after watchin

25、g a video of a certain very popular model.The media has, in its own way, changed peoples outlook on life. It is the interface (界面) through which millions look at the world outside. The media claims to describe the “today”， but not all types of media show the truth. With the intention of stressing th

26、eir point or grabbing greater attention from the masses, the media exaggerates (夸大) things to a certain degree. Not everyone is able to filter_out that element. Most believe everything to be real, especially kids and teenagers.Vampires, werewolves, witches, ghosts where did they come from? Fairies,

27、superheroes, angels where did they come from? Its not only the media to be blamed, as these characters belong to folklore, but the media did play a role in spreading these characters and making them seem real. These characters enter our world through books and movies. There is no denying that they h

28、ave amusement value. But isnt it too much to blindly believe that they exist?The media is so overwhelming that the masses end up believing everything it says or shows. Media sources are so many in number and all of them so convincingly make their point that it is hard to distinguish between right an

29、d wrong. The media is constantly offering us too much information. How far do we go to check its authenticity? How deep do we dig to get to the root of something thats making news? How critically do we judge the reality of reality shows and the truth behind true stories? We dont think, we believe. W

30、e dont judge, we get influenced. And thats how impactive the media is.While a certain amount of exposure to the media is essential for introducing ourselves to the world outside, excessive exposure, uncontrolled access and belief without thought wont lead us anywhere. They will only make the negativ

31、e effect of the media more obvious. To keep yourself from being harmed by the media, youre advised to limit media exposure and choose what to watch properly. News sources often provide you with the same negative stories over and over again, in order to increase the impact. Sometimes, small incidents

32、 or events in the lives of celebrities and politicians are advertised a lot, in order to make them draw more attention. Avoid watching such programs or news. Instead, watch good programs that carry healthy content, engage in positive activities, and encourage others to do the same. As a responsible

33、adult, exercise control on the media exposure that kids and teenagers get.Media descriptions give rise to stereotypes, affecting your mindset. Advertisements carry subliminal (潛意識的) messages influencing buyers psychology, or carry direct messages that bear a negative influence. Its not possible to p

34、rotect yourself completely from the effects of the media, even if you limit the exposure. And there are so many things you see around you, without choosing to watch them. The only way to protect yourself from them is to not allow them to influence you. Dont take media portrayals at their word. Dont

35、believe in them without thinking. Think twice before following or falling for anything. Put things into perspective, and dont let the media influence you to do the wrong things.語篇解讀：媒體為了達到某一目的，往往會對人們造成誤導，其負面影響很大。因此人們對媒體所傳達的信息要進行理智的思考和判斷，決不能盲目相信。7What impact does the media have on peoples health?AIt

36、misshapes peoples concept of beauty.BIt disturbs peoples sleeping routines.CIt makes people addicted to unhealthy junk food.DIt raises peoples awareness of exercise.解析：選A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“The media influences public opinion and impacts the choices that people make.The media has led to a general opinion

37、that thin is in and fat is out .”可知，媒體影響公眾的觀點以及人們所作出的選擇，媒體導致公眾認為“瘦是時尚，胖是落伍”，這使得人們餓著減肥，從而導致飲食紊亂。由此可知，媒體會使人們形成有關(guān)美的錯誤觀念。故選A。8.Which word can replace the underlined part “filter out” in Paragraph 3?AAccept.BConvey.CRemove. DInterpret.解析：選C短語猜測題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的“With the intention of stressing their point or gr

38、abbing greater attention from the masses, the media exaggerates (夸大) things to a certain degree.”和“Most believe everything to be real, especially kids and teenagers.”可知，為了吸引大眾更多的關(guān)注，媒體會在一定程度上夸大事物，而不是每個人都能夠去除夸大這種因素的影響。大部分人認為一切都是真的，尤其是孩子和青少年。由此可推知畫線部分的意思是“過濾掉，去除”，與remove的意思相近。故選C。9What may make it diff

39、icult to tell the reliability of media information?AThe information overload.BBlind faith in the media.CLack of relative background knowledge.DThe ambiguity of information itself.解析：選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的“The media is so overwhelming .The media is constantly offering us too much information.”可知，媒體以壓倒性的數(shù)量優(yōu)勢

40、使人們相信它所說的和所展示的東西。媒體信息來源的數(shù)量之多、其闡述觀點的說服力之強使得人們很難辨別信息的真假。且媒體仍在不斷地給我們提供大量的信息。由此可推知，媒體提供信息的數(shù)量之多可能是導致人們很難辨別信息的可信度的原因。故選A。10What message does the author want to convey in Paragraph 6?AMore haste, less speed.BEvery coin has two sides.CA watched pot never boils.DLearn to walk before you run.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段的

41、內(nèi)容可知，適度接觸媒體對我們接觸外面的世界完全是必要的，但過多的、毫無節(jié)制的接觸對我們則無益處，會對我們產(chǎn)生消極的影響。由此可知，B項“事物都有兩面性”符合題意。A項意為“欲速則不達”；C項意為“心急水不開；心急吃不了熱豆腐”；D項意為“先學走再學跑；循序漸進”。11What is the last but one paragraph mainly about?AFeatures of information in the news media.BTips on choosing proper programs to watch.CImportance of restricting ones

42、media exposure.DWays to avoid the negative influence of the media.解析：選D段落大意題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“youre advised to limit media exposure and choose what to watch properly”和“Avoid watching such programs or news. Instead, watch good programs that carry healthy content, engage in positive activities .”及“exercise c

43、ontrol on the media exposure that kids and teenagers get”可知，本段主要講述的是規(guī)避媒體的消極影響的方法。故選D。12What does the author advise people to do in the last paragraph?ANever trust what the media says.BDont be too curious about things around.CDevelop their selfdiscipline and selfcontrol.DUse their own judgment correc

44、tly in face of the media.解析：選D推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“The only way to protect yourself .Think twice before following or falling for anything .”可知，作者建議人們不要被媒體的描述所欺騙，不要盲目相信媒體所報道的，要有自己的判斷，也就是說人們在媒體(信息)面前，要正確運用自己的判斷。故選D。C(2017江蘇省高考名校聯(lián)考)Many artists lived in the Greenwich Village area of New York. Two young women

45、 named Sue and Johnsy shared a studio apartment at the top of a threestory building. In November, a cold, unseen stranger came. It was a disease, pneumonia, which killed many people.Johnsy lay on her bed, hardly moving. One morning, a doctor examined Johnsy and took her temperature. Then he spoke wi

46、th Sue in another room. “She has one chance in ten，” he said. “She can hardly make it.” After the doctor had gone, Sue went into the workroom and cried. Then she went to Johnsys room with her drawing board. She began making a penandink drawing for a story in a magazine. After a while, Sue heard a lo

47、w sound, several times repeated. She went quickly to the bedside.Johnsys eyes were open wide. She was looking out the window and counting counting backward.“Ten，” she said, and a little later “nine”； and then “eight” and “seven”， almost together. Sue looked out the window. What was there to count? T

48、here was only an empty yard with an old ivy vine (常春藤), which went bad at the roots and climbed halfway up the wall. The cold breath of autumn had struck leaves from the plant until its branches, almost bare, hung on the bricks.“Six leaves are still there，” said Johnsy, quietly. “When the last one f

49、alls, I must go, too. Ive known that for three days. Didnt the doctor tell you？”“Dont be silly，” said Sue. “Try to eat some soup now. And, let me go back to my painting, so I can sell it to the magazine and buy food and wine for us. I must call Mister Behrman up to be my model.”O(jiān)ld Behrman was a pai

50、nter who lived on the ground floor of the apartment building. Behrman was a failure in art. For years, he had always been planning to paint a work of art, but had never yet begun it. He earned a little money by serving as a model for artists who could not pay for a professional model.Sue found Behrm

51、an in his room, where in one area was a blank canvas (畫布) that had been waiting twentyfive years for the first line of paint. Sue told him about Johnsy and how she feared that her friend would float away like a leaf. Old Behrman yelled, “Miss Johnsy should not be so sick! Someday I will paint a mast

52、erpiece, and we shall all go away.” Johnsy was sleeping when they went upstairs. Sue pulled the shade down to cover the window. She and Behrman went into the other room. They looked out a window fearfully at the ivy vine. Then_they_looked_at_each_other_without_speaking. A cold rain was falling, mixe

53、d with snow. Behrman sat and posed as a miner.The next morning, Sue awoke after an hours sleep. She found Johnsy with wideopen eyes staring at the covered window. “Pull up the shade; I want to see，” she ordered, quietly. Sue obeyed. “Theres still one？” said Johnsy. “I thought it would fall during th

54、e night. I heard the wind.”The next morning, when it was light, the ivy leaf was still there. Johnsy lay for a long time. And then she called to Sue, who was preparing chicken soup. “Would you please bring me a little soup now？” asked Johnsy.Later in the day, the doctor came. “Even chances，” said th

55、e doctor. “With good care, youll win. And now I must see another case, Behrman, which is severe.”Later that day, Sue came up to Johnsy, and put one arm around her. “Mister Behrman died of pneumonia today，” she said. “He was sick for only two days. They found him on the morning of the first day very

56、weak, and his shoes and clothing were completely wet and icy cold. Do you know why? Look out the window, dear, at the last ivy leaf on the wall. Didnt you wonder why it never moved when the wind blew? Behrman painted it there the night when the last leaf fell.”語篇解讀：本文是記敘文。為了挽救患肺炎而奄奄一息的Johnsy的生命，Behrman先生在風雨交加的夜晚往墻上畫了一片常春藤葉，給了Johnsy生的信念，而他自己卻染上肺炎，不幸離開了人世。13What do