1、定語從句,高三英語第一輪復習,The Attributive Clauses,基礎知識,Complex sentence 復合句：,由連詞連接兩個或多個主謂結構的句子，其中一個主謂結構是句子 的主要部分（主句），另一個或一個以上的主謂結構只在句子中作 某個成分（如主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、同位語）。,復合句 =,主句,+,定語從句,一個主謂結構是句子 的主要部分（主句）,另一個或一個以上的主謂結構 只在句子中作某個成分（定語）,The students (who do not study hard )will not pass the exam.,主句主語,從句主語,從句謂語結構,主句謂語

2、結構,在句子中作定語，修飾名詞或代詞的從句。這種從句由關系代詞 或關系副詞引導，并作句子成分。 定語從句還叫做嵌入句， 因形容詞定語，所以又稱之為形容詞性從句。,Attributive clause:,定語從句的位置：通常在先行詞（在主句中）后。,定 語 從 句 的 引 導 詞,關系 代詞,關系 副詞,指人,指物,who(主語、賓語)，whom(賓語)， that(主語、賓語), whose(定語),that(主語、賓語),which(主語、賓語) whose(定語),where (地點狀語),when (時間狀語),why (原因狀語),先行代詞和關系詞的關系,1.A plane is a

3、machine that can fly. 2.The boy who broke the window is called Tom. 3.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather. 4.The school where I study is far from my home.,the machine = that,the boy =who,the boys =whose,in the school = where,關系代詞實際上是先行詞的復指,關系詞whose實際上是先行詞的所有格,關系副詞實際上是介詞先

4、行詞,Join the following sentences: A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.,關系代詞的實質(zhì),Join the following sentences: A plane is a machine. The machine can fly. A plane is can fly.,關系代詞的實質(zhì),a machine,the machine,Join the following sentences: A plane is a machine. The machine can fly. A plane is can fly.,

5、關系代詞的實質(zhì),a machine,that /which,關系代詞的實質(zhì),Join the following sentences: The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.,關系代詞的實質(zhì),Join the following sentences: The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,關系代詞的實質(zhì),Join the following sentences: The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterda

6、y. we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,關系代詞的實質(zhì),Join the following sentences: The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,關系代詞的實質(zhì),Join the following sentences: The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,關系代詞的實質(zhì),Join the followi

7、ng sentences: The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,關系代詞的實質(zhì),Join the following sentences: The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,關系代詞的實質(zhì),Join the following sentences: The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yeste

8、rday is Mary.,her,The girl,關系代詞的實質(zhì),Join the following sentences: The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.,that/who/whom,The girl,注意避免重復,關系副詞和先行詞的關系,I still remember the day when I came here. This is the house where I lived last year. There are many reasons why people like tr

9、aveling. I dont like the way that you speak.,on the day =when,in the house= where,for the reasons =why,in the way =that,關系副詞實際上是介詞先行詞,The man that helped you is Mr White. This is the person ( that) you want to see. A dictionary is a useful book that tells us the meaning of words. The film that we ju

10、st talked about is very interesting.,A dictionary is a useful book which tells us the meaning of words. The film which we just talked about is very interesting. Tom is late again, which makes his teacher very angry. Eric received training in computer for one year, after which he found a job in a big

11、 company.,定語從句考點歸納,定語從句考點歸納,2.關系代詞與關系副詞的區(qū)分,3whose 的使用,4 as與which引導的定語從句,1.that 與which,6 限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句,5 關系代詞前介詞的確定,1.that 與which,1.Nothing _ can be done has been done. 2.Do you have anything _ you dont understand ?,先行詞是everything, nothing, anything, something, much, little, none等不定代詞，引導定語從句用that,

12、that,that,1.This is the best TV _ is made in China. 2.The first museum _ he visited in China was the History Museum.,that,that,先行詞被形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時，引導定語從句用that 。,1.that 與which,Ive read all the books _ you lent me.,that,先行詞被any, some, no, much, few, little, every, all, very, only, last 修飾時,引導定語從句用that 。

13、,1.that 與which,1.The famous writer and his works _ the radio broadcast have aroused great interest among the students. 2.A victim is a person, animal or thing _ suffers pain, death, harm, etc.,先行詞中既有人又有事物時， 引導定語從句用that .,that,that,1.that 與which,1.Who _ you have ever seen can do it better ?,Who做先行詞時，

14、引導定語從句用that,that,1.that 與which,1.Her bag ,in _ she put all her money, has been stolen. 2.This is the ring on _ she spent 1000 dollars. 3.Xiao Wang ,with _ I went to the concert, enjoy it very much.,which,which,whom,在介詞后面，指事物用which，指人用whom,1.that 與which,2. 關系代詞that,which 和關系副詞when,where的區(qū)別,1)、找出定語從句中

15、是否主語和賓語都齊全。如齊全用關系副詞。 用什么關系副詞看先行詞。,I will never forget the days (_ )I stayed with you).,when,_,_,Please give me the reason _ (you made such a great success).,_,_,why,Do you remember the library _ (you first met your girlfriend？）,_,_,where,2)定語從句沒有賓語,Yesterday we went to visit the house _ (the great w

16、riter used to live). The house _ (they built in 1987) stayed up in the earthquake.,where,that/which,Ill never forget the day _ we first met in the park.,3）、如定語從句中謂語結構是被動結構，有主語，則用關系副詞。,Kunming is a beautiful place _ ( flowers are seen all the year round).,where,October 1st is the day _ ( new China wa

17、s founded).,when,The window ( _ was opened this morning) has been broken.,Which that,The meeting ( _ will be held next week) is very important.,Which that,2(2) that,which與why的區(qū)分,This is the reason _ ( = for which ) I didnt come here. The reason _ she gave was not true.,whythat,which/that,指時間，地點或原因的先

18、行詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語，用which或that引導定語從句。,This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting. We are not satisfied with the reason that/which he gave us.,1.Ill never forget the days_ we worked together. 2.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together. 3.I went to the place I worked ten years ago. 4.I wen

19、t to the place _ I visited ten years ago. 5.This is the reason _ he was late. 6.This is the reason _ he gave.,when /in which,which,where/ in which,which,why/ for which,that/which,Exercise:,及物動詞,及物動詞,及物動詞,介詞+關系代詞的情況 1,The man whom you spoke was a scientist. The city which she lives is far away.,to,in

20、,介詞+關系代詞的情況 2,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist. The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,介詞+關系代詞的情況 3,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist. The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,可見,who、that 不能用與介詞之后,介詞+關

21、系代詞的情況 4,Is this the watch that you are looking for? The old man whom I am looking after is better .,在固定短語中介詞不能提前,下面兩句中的介詞能提前嗎?,1. Do you like the book she spent $10? 2. Do you like the book she paid $10? 3. Do you like the book she learned a lot? 4. Do you like the book she often talks? 5. He built

22、 a telescope he could study the skies.,介詞+關系代詞的情況 練習,on which,for which,from which,about which,through which,6. There is a tall tree outside, stands our teacher. 7. China has a lot of rivers, the second longest _ is the Yellow River. 8. The tower _ people can have a good view is on the hill. 9. The

23、man _ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at wrestling. 10. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.,under which,of which,from which,to whom,of which,The earth is round,_ we all know. _ is known to all, the earth is round _ is known to all

24、that the earth is round.,as,As,It,4 as 的使用,1. It is very useful to master a foreign language,_ has been said before.,which,2 _ everyone hoped, Mary has won the first prize.,As,as 的使用,He married the girl，as (which) was natural.He seemed a foreigner, as (which) in fact he was. As was natural, he marri

25、ed the girl. Tom is late again, which makes his teacher very angry. The earth travels around the sun, as is well known to us all.,This is the same book as I lost. This is the same book that I lost.,這本書和我丟的那本一模一樣。,這本書就是我丟的那本。,as 的使用,This is such an interesting book _ we all like. This is so interesti

26、ng a book _ we all like.,as,as,這是大家都喜歡的如此有趣的一本書。,定語從句,as 的使用,This is such an interesting book _we all like it. This is so interesting a book _we all like it.,that,that,這本書如此有趣，大家都喜歡。,結果狀語從句,as 的使用,We are facing the same problems as we did years ago.Some people have no doubt that their cat understand

27、s as/so many words as a dog does.We hope to get such a tool as he is using. Hes such a good student as everyone likes . Hes such a good student that everyone likes him.,定語從句,The Restrictive Attributive Clause 限制性定語從句,The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause 非限制性定語從句,基礎知識,起限定作用。若省略，原句意義不完整。,起補充說明作用。若省略

28、，原句意義不受影響。,修飾先行詞,修飾先行詞 / 整個句子,無逗號隔開,有逗號與主句隔開,1.有that,無that,限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別,2.作賓語時可以省略,不可以省略,當關系代詞指代整個主句內(nèi)容時。,He was late again, which made his teacher very angry.,只用非限制性定語從句的情況：,當先行詞指的是世界上獨一無二的事物時。,The moon, which is 384,400 kilometers away from the earth, goes around the earth.,只用非限制性定語從句的情況：,先行

29、詞是人名、地名、國名、建筑物等專有名詞時。,Yesterday he left America, where he had stayed for two years.,區(qū)別 ： I have a son who is a doctor. 我有一個是醫(yī)生的兒子（還有其他兒子） I have a son, who is a docotor. 我有一個兒子，他是醫(yī)生。 （意指：我只有這一個兒子。）,能力提高,Correct the sentences:,1. Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday. 2. The man whom I spoke is from Canada. 3. July 1,1999 is the day when well never forget.,to,that,4. Im going to work in the hospital where needs me. 5. Those that havent been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate.,which,wh