1、The Canadian Swine Improvement Program加拿大豬育種改良計(jì)劃,Alfred Wahl 王愛德 Canadian Centre for Swine Improvement (CCSI) 加拿大豬育種改良中心,Presentation Road Map目錄,Swine industry in Canada 加拿大的養(yǎng)豬業(yè) Program structure 計(jì)劃構(gòu)架 Canadian Centre for Swine Improvement (CCSI) 遺傳改良 研究和發(fā)展 Training 培訓(xùn) Consulting 咨詢,The Swine Industr

2、y in Canada加拿大的養(yǎng)豬業(yè),32 million hogs marketed in 2007 2007年上市肉豬三千二百萬頭 Over 12,000 farms 一萬二千多個(gè)豬場 8.8 million hogs and weaner pigs exported live 出口肉豬和斷奶仔豬八百八十萬頭 $ 2.53 billion pork exports (US, Japan, Australia, Korea, New Zealand, Mexico, etc. 出口額25.3 億美元(美國, 日本, 澳大利亞, 朝鮮, 新西蘭, 墨西哥等) Intensive product

3、ion systems 集約化養(yǎng)豬體系 Grading system encourages leaner hogs 分級(jí)體系促進(jìn)了瘦肉率的提高,Canadian Swine Industry加拿大的養(yǎng)豬業(yè),Solid reputation world wide 在全世界擁有較高的信譽(yù) Superior quality and health status 品質(zhì)好,健康狀況佳 21.5 % of the pork exported in the world comes from Canada (Foreign Agricultural Service, USDA, 2005) 占世界出口市場的21

4、.5 % (農(nóng)產(chǎn)品外銷局，2005） Domestically a major industry sector in agriculture 是國內(nèi)農(nóng)業(yè)的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè) 33% of the agricultural trade surplus 農(nóng)業(yè)順差的33%來自養(yǎng)豬業(yè),Major Pork Export Markets 1990 vs 2006主要的豬肉出口市場 1996與2006,1990 = 266,000 tonnes 266,000 噸 $ 711 million 7.11億美元,2006 = 1,037,267 tonnes 1,037,267噸 $ 2.53 billion 25.3

5、 億美元,Source: Statistics Canada,Exports 出口,Canada exports: 加拿大出口 Pork meat 豬肉 Pigs and piglets 肉豬及仔豬 Swine genetics across the world 世界范圍內(nèi)豬遺傳基因的傳播,Climate/Land/Water 氣候，土地，水資源 Genetics 基因資源 Animal management/animal health 動(dòng)物管理及健康 Animal ID/Feed/Inspection 動(dòng)物識(shí)別，飼養(yǎng)，檢查 Supply capability 供給能力 Working Tog

6、ether 合作,Canadian advantages加拿大的優(yōu)勢,Structure of the industry 養(yǎng)豬業(yè)的結(jié)構(gòu),Informationflow 信息流程,繁育群,生產(chǎn)群,加工,零售,Common Crossbreeding Systems with three breeds 三元雜交體系,核心群,繁育群,生產(chǎn)群,生產(chǎn)一只加拿大商品豬,大白,長白,杜洛克,F1 母豬,三元雜商品豬,Canadian Centre for Swine Improvement (CCSI) 加拿大豬育種改良中心,CCSI History 加拿大豬改良中心的歷史,Created in 1994

7、by the Canadian pork industry to provide leadership, coordination and services for swine genetic improvement 1994年由加拿大養(yǎng)豬業(yè)創(chuàng)立，以便為豬遺傳改良提供指導(dǎo)，合作等服務(wù)。 Its member organizations are the regional swine improvement centres in Western Canada, Ontario, Qubec and Atlantic Canada, the Canadian Pork Council, the Ca

8、nadian Meat Council, and the Canadian Swine Breeders Association. 它的成員組織主要是一些區(qū)域性的豬改良中心，包括西部加拿大，安大略，魁北克，大西洋區(qū)，加拿大豬肉協(xié)會(huì)，加拿大肉類協(xié)會(huì)及加拿大種豬協(xié)會(huì) Services to Canada and international clients 為加拿大和海外客戶服務(wù) Genetic evaluations 遺傳改良 Database and Internet 數(shù)據(jù)庫和網(wǎng)絡(luò)工具 Research and development 研究和發(fā)展 Training 訓(xùn)練課程 Consulting

9、 咨詢顧問,Member Organizations 成員組織,Atlantic Swine Centre 大西洋區(qū)豬中心,Canadian Meat Council,CCSI,魁北克豬改良中心,加拿大肉類協(xié)會(huì),加拿大 種豬協(xié)會(huì),加拿大豬改良中心,170 HERDS畜群 NUCLEUS SOWS 核心母豬,Western Swine Testing Association 西部豬測試協(xié)會(huì) (WSTA),Ontario Swine Improvement Inc.渥太華豬改良公司 (OSI),Canadian Centre for Swine Improvement 加拿大豬改良中心 (CCSI

10、),Centre de dveloppement du porc du Qubec 魁北克豬改良中心 (CDPQ),YORKSHIRE 約克夏 LANDRACE 長白豬 DUROC 杜洛克豬,The Canadian Swine Improvement Program 加拿大豬改良計(jì)劃,Atlantic Swine Centre (ASC)大西洋豬中心,CCSI users across the worldCCSI的用戶遍布世界,Users in Canada, China, Chile, France, Mexico, Vietnam and United States. 用戶來自加拿大，中

11、國，智利， 法國，墨西哥，越南及美國,Genetic Improvement遺傳改良,Objectives of genetic evaluation 遺傳評估的目的,Identify the best animals for breeding, by using all information available (data and pedigree) 通過所有可獲得的信息去鑒定最優(yōu)良的牲畜用于育種（資料和系譜）,Data recording, EBVs and continued improvement數(shù)據(jù)記錄，預(yù)計(jì)育種值及持續(xù)的改良,Delivery Structure 傳遞結(jié)構(gòu),CAN

12、ADIAN CENTRE FOR SWINE IMPROVEMENT 加拿大豬改良中心,National Standards 國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn) National EBV 國家EBV,PROVINCIAL/REGIONAL IMPROVEMENT CENTRES 省/區(qū)域的改良中心,SWINE BREEDERS 育種工作者,EBV,DATA,EBV,DATA,Data capture by provincial Technicians 數(shù)據(jù)由各省技術(shù)員收集,On-farm EBVs 現(xiàn)場測定,The Canadian Swine Improvement Program加拿大豬改良計(jì)劃,Genetic e

13、valuations 遺傳評估 Three step to generate EBVs 產(chǎn)生預(yù)計(jì)育種值的三個(gè)步驟 1. Data Collection 數(shù)據(jù)采集 2. Data Entry 數(shù)據(jù)輸入 3. Computer Program Executing 運(yùn)行計(jì)算機(jī)程序 4. EBVs application 預(yù)計(jì)育種值的應(yīng)用,Genetic evaluation program遺傳評估方案,Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) for genetic evaluation(the national genetic evaluation progra

14、m for swine) 用最佳線性無偏預(yù)測(BLUP)進(jìn)行遺傳評估 Data from about 170 herds in across-herd evaluations 有來自170個(gè)場的雜交群的評估數(shù)據(jù) Database, UNIX Computer System 數(shù)據(jù)庫，UNIX 計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng) Internet support 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)支持,National database 國家數(shù)據(jù)庫,30 years of historical data 三十年的數(shù)據(jù) Detailed performance records on 3 million pigs 有三百萬頭豬的詳細(xì)記錄 Web-bas

15、ed tools for different purposes, e.g. data transfer, EBV report, selection decision, mating planning etc. 有基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的為不同目的服務(wù)的工具, 如數(shù)據(jù)傳輸, EBV報(bào)告, 選擇決策, 配種計(jì)劃等,Genetic Evaluations 遺傳評估,Routine evaluations: 日常評估 Age to market 上市日齡 Backfat thickness at market wt.上市體重的背膘厚 Lean yield 瘦肉量 Loin eye area 眼肌面積 Loin m

16、uscle depth 眼肌深 Feed conversion 料肉比 Litter size 窩產(chǎn)仔數(shù) Piglet survival 仔豬存活,Genetic Evaluations 遺傳評估,New evaluations: 新的評估 Number of piglets weaned 斷奶仔豬數(shù) Age at first farrowing 第一胎日齡 Farrowing interval 懷孕間隔 Litter weight at weaning 斷奶仔豬重 Birth Weight variability 出生窩重變異,Genetic Evaluations遺傳評估New Evalu

17、ations (continued)新的評估,Meat quality 肉質(zhì) Colour 肉色 Marbling 大理石紋 pH(24) 最終酸堿度 Drip loss 滴水損失,Genetic EvaluationsNew Evaluations (continued),Conformation 體型 Feet and legs 肢蹄結(jié)實(shí)度 Toes 腳趾 Number of teats 奶頭數(shù),EBVs and Indicesused in the Canadian Swine Improvement Program預(yù)計(jì)育種值及用于加拿大豬改良計(jì)劃上的指數(shù),EBVs on Pigs On

18、 The Web在網(wǎng)上的預(yù)計(jì)育種值,近親繁殖系數(shù) 父系線指數(shù) 母系線指數(shù) 瘦肉量 眼肌面積 背膘厚 瘦肉深度 上市日齡 料肉比 窩產(chǎn)仔數(shù) 仔豬存活,Indices SlI & DLI 父系及母系的指數(shù),SLI=Sire Line Index, combines EBVs for: 父系指數(shù) Days to 100 kg 到達(dá)100kg的天數(shù) Loin eye area 眼肌面積 Feed conversion 飼料轉(zhuǎn)化率 Estimated Lean Yield 估計(jì)的瘦肉率,DLI=Dam Line Index, combines EBVs for:母系指數(shù) Days to 100 kg 到

19、達(dá)100kg的天數(shù) Loin eye area 眼肌面積 Feed conversion 飼料轉(zhuǎn)化率 Estimated Lean Yield 估計(jì)的瘦肉率 Total Born 總的出生頭數(shù),Used to select sire lines (Duroc, Lacombe),Used to select dam lines (Landrace, Yorkshire),What should I look for when I select a boar? 當(dāng)選擇一頭公豬的時(shí)候，我應(yīng)該注意些什么？,For example, 例如 Boar A : Age EBV = -5.3 days, L

20、ean Yield EBV = +2.2% Boar B : Age EBV = -11.8 days, Lean Yield EBV = +0.5% 公豬A: 年齡評估育種值= -5.3 天，瘦肉率評估育種值= +2.2% 公豬B:年齡評估育種值= -11.8 天，瘦肉率評估育種值= + 0.5% Both of these boars have a sire line index of 148. However, Boar A will improve lean yield more while Boar B will reduce age to 100 kg more. Dependin

21、g on how lean your herd already is, and depending on the demand from your customers, you can select one or the other. 這兩頭豬都有相同的父方的指數(shù)148。然而，公豬A 將會(huì)提高瘦肉率，母豬B會(huì)降低達(dá)到100kg體重的天數(shù)?；谀悻F(xiàn)在品系的瘦肉率水平以及客戶的要求，你會(huì)做出選擇。,Can I compare EBVs across breeds? Across herds? Across regions? 我能對不同品種，不同品系及不同區(qū)域內(nèi)評估育種值進(jìn)行比較嗎？,EBVs ca

22、nnot be compared across breeds. However, across-herd and region comparisons of EBVs within a breed are valid. 不同品種間的評估育種值不能比較，而品種內(nèi)的品系及區(qū)域間的比較是有效的。,Backfat & Lean in Pork Loins,Understanding Canadian Data加拿大的數(shù)據(jù),SLI 父系線指數(shù)：149pts Days to 100 kg 上市年齡 Loin eye area 眼肌面積 Feed conversion料肉比 Lean Yield 瘦肉量,G

23、enetic trends 遺傳趨勢,到達(dá)100kg的天數(shù),Genetic trends 遺傳趨勢,100kg的背膘,Genetic trends 遺傳趨勢,產(chǎn)仔數(shù),分娩年份,National Trends 國家趨勢,Ranking to find the “Best”按等級(jí)找出“最好的”,Mating Plans 配種計(jì)劃 list “best” males X “best” females 列出最優(yōu)的公豬X 最優(yōu)的母豬,Research and Development研究和發(fā)展,Overview 總論,A - Molecular Genetics Project 分子遺傳計(jì)劃 B - Disease Resistance Project 抗病計(jì)劃 C - Pork Marbling Project 大理石花紋計(jì)劃 D - Color Gene Project 顏色基因計(jì)劃,Database tools 數(shù)據(jù)工具,Instant on-line genetic evaluations 即時(shí)在線遺傳評估結(jié)果 Pedigrees and EBVs 系譜和EBVs Top AI Boars 最佳 AI 公豬 Genetic trends 遺傳趨勢 Herd activity monitor 豬群活動(dòng)監(jiān)控 Breeding for Profit 育種利潤 Computer