1、,英，漢的語態(tài)都有主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)之分，但是英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)的使用頻率卻比漢語高得多。英譯漢時(shí)不能過于局限于原文的語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)，而要根據(jù)語言習(xí)慣，在語態(tài)上做一些必要的變換。英語被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的主要譯文法有以下幾種：,Translation skills 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的翻譯,1 譯成漢語的主動(dòng)句,1) It is considered of no use learning a theory without practice. 人們認(rèn)為脫離實(shí)踐學(xué)理論毫無用處. (增加邏輯主語,將原句的主語譯成漢語兼語言式的主語) 2) I remember being taken to Hangzhou by my father. 我記

2、得父親帶我去過杭州. (增加句意中隱含的賓語,將被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)譯成主動(dòng)),2. 譯成漢語的判斷句,漢語中常用 “是 的”這一句式來說 明人,事物的客觀情況.這種結(jié)構(gòu)在語義 上往往有被動(dòng)的含義,可以與英語中被 動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)相通.一般說來,英語中用來說明 客觀情況的被動(dòng)句都可以轉(zhuǎn)譯成漢語 的這一句式.,In ancient times, mirrors were made of metal rather than of glass. 古時(shí)候,鏡子是用金屬而不是用玻璃制成的. 2) Many other languages than English are spoken in New York. 在紐約,人們不

3、僅說英語,也說許多其他語言.,3 譯成無主句,漢語的句子可以不帶主語,因此,當(dāng)無須說出行為 主體時(shí),可以將英語的被動(dòng)句譯成漢語的無主句. 一般說來,英語中不帶by短語并含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的 被動(dòng)句多可以采用這種譯法.翻譯時(shí),將原句的主 語譯成賓語,放在動(dòng)詞后面,也可以加“把”, “將”, “對(duì)”等詞將賓語放在動(dòng)詞之前.英語中有些特殊 的被動(dòng)句是由短語動(dòng)詞中名詞作主語構(gòu)成的,翻 譯時(shí)可以將原句的主語和謂語合譯成漢語無主 句的謂語.,1) All the data available should be collected and studied with care before one works a

4、t a theory. 在制定理論前,應(yīng)該認(rèn)真搜集和研究現(xiàn)有的所 有數(shù)據(jù)資料.(原句的主語譯成賓語,放在動(dòng)詞之后.) 2) Attention should be paid to the study of proteins. 應(yīng)該注意對(duì)蛋白質(zhì)的研究.(原句的主語和謂語合譯成漢語無主句的謂語.) 3)Water can be shown as containing impurities. 可以證明水有雜質(zhì).(原句的主語譯成漢語兼語式的主語.),4 添加 “受” “使” “把”等譯成被動(dòng)句,當(dāng)英語被動(dòng)句在語義上著重謂語動(dòng)詞本身 的意義時(shí),可用漢語的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)來翻譯.此時(shí), 原文句子的主語一般仍作主語

5、,在謂語動(dòng)詞 前加 “被”,“受”等字來表示被動(dòng)意義.若原文 句子含有行為主體(動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者),則可在 行為主體前家 “被”, “受”,“由”等,或用“為 所” 來表示被動(dòng)意義.,Convenient global communications at low cost have been made possible with the rapid development of communication technology. 通訊技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展使方便而又廉價(jià)的全球通 訊成為可能. 2) Because of its cost, it is limited in practical use. 由

6、于成本問題,它的實(shí)際應(yīng)用受到了限制.(在謂語 動(dòng)詞前加 “受”表示被動(dòng).為了明確,將原句的狀語 譯成了主語.),1) Seasons are caused by the movement of the earth and the sun. 2) Plenty of example are provided in this book. 3) Petrol is manufactured from the crude oil we take out of the ground. 4) These ancient buildings have been carefully looked after

7、by the authorities concerned. 5) Childhood is a time of physical and mental development, so efforts must be made to provide an ideal environment for their development.,6) The children were beautifully dressed to celebrate Childrens Day. 7) I was kept at home on account of my fathers illness. 8) Prin

8、ting was introduced into Europe from ancient China. 9) Although the town had been attacked by storm several times, little damage was done. 10) He was thrown into confusion by the return of his wife.,11) In a very simple social order, it may suffice（足夠） to have the parents carry on the education of t

9、heir children. However, as will be shown later in detail, such method may become entirely untenable（站不住腳的）, and special individuals are entrusted with（委托） the task. These may be hired privately first, but soon the social group, the church, village and the like will be responsible for education. Eventually, special training is required for those who do the teaching, and an agency to control this training is needed.,譯文: 在樸素的原始社會(huì)制度下，只要家長(zhǎng)對(duì)