1、精品 料推薦“傳統(tǒng)能源動(dòng)力裝置（內(nèi)燃機(jī)）高效利用替代燃料技術(shù)交流研討會(huì)”日 程 表時(shí)間： 2010年 4 月 2 日至 3 日地點(diǎn)： b 座三層多功能廳日期活動(dòng)內(nèi)容報(bào)告者9:00 歡迎詞中國(guó)內(nèi)燃機(jī)工業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)內(nèi)燃機(jī)應(yīng)用替代燃料的思考及幾點(diǎn)意見(jiàn)中國(guó)內(nèi)燃機(jī)工業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)未來(lái)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的替代燃料評(píng)價(jià)技術(shù)（ alternative fuel assessment2010 年for future engine technologies ）dr. charles e. roberts4 月 2 日上午9:0012:002010 年4 月 2 日下午13:3017:3010:00tea break 茶歇乘用車用點(diǎn)燃式m1

2、00甲醇發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)研發(fā)（research and金先揚(yáng)教授mr xian yang jindevelopment ofspark-ignitionengine fueled with methanolfor passenger car）壓燃式內(nèi)燃機(jī)燃用m100甲醇技術(shù)研究（the analysis on王天靈博士compression ignition internalcombustion engine with m100dr. wang tianlingmethanol technology ）12:00lunch午餐壓燃式內(nèi)燃機(jī)甲醇/柴油組合燃燒的研究及應(yīng)用（ application姚春德教授

3、of alcoholic fuel ignited by diesel spray to ci engines ）dr. prof. chunde yao二甲醚發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的研究與開(kāi)發(fā)（research and development of劉圣華教授dme engines ）prof. liu shenghua3:00 tea break茶歇煤 基 低 碳 能 源 化 工 路 線 是 中 國(guó) 替 代 能 源 的 發(fā) 展 方 向方德巍教授(coal-based low-carbon energy, chemical route is the fang dewei development directi

4、on of chinas alternative energy)甲醇燃料使用安全性 （ safety assessment of using methanol as謝振華 高級(jí)工程師an alternative fuel ）zhenhua xie低 排 高 效 的 天 然 氣 發(fā) 動(dòng) 機(jī) 技 術(shù) （ naturalgas enginemr. timothy j callahantechnology for low emissions and high efficiency）1精品 料推薦2010 年4 月 3 日上午8:3012:00生 物 柴 油 在 車 用 內(nèi) 燃 機(jī) 上 的 應(yīng) 用 （

5、the application of王建昕 教授bio-diesel on internal combustion engine for vehicle ）wang jianxin生物柴油的應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ)研究（the basic research of biodiesel 王忠 教授fuel）wang zhong氣體燃料特性及其內(nèi)燃機(jī)技術(shù)的探討（gas fuel characteristicsand gas engine technology）張欣 教授xin zhang9:30tea break茶歇工 程 塑 料 在 內(nèi) 燃 機(jī) 燃 油 系 統(tǒng) 上 的 應(yīng) 用 （ engineeringmervy

6、n coxthermoplastics applied in the modern fuel systems of internalcombustion engines）f-t 合成燃料在車用發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)上的應(yīng)用研究（the application樓狄明教授research of fischer-tropsch(f-t) diesel fuel on vehicle lou diming engine）2010 年4 月 3 日下午13:3015:0012:00lunch午餐生物柴油組分及與汽車匹配技術(shù)研究李理光介紹編制中國(guó)內(nèi)燃機(jī)工業(yè)“十二五”發(fā)展規(guī)劃的思路，并就在規(guī)劃中由企業(yè)提供的發(fā)展重點(diǎn)及重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)

7、目，提出具體要求 中國(guó)內(nèi)燃機(jī)工業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)及進(jìn)度安排。2精品 料推薦“傳統(tǒng)能源動(dòng)力裝置（內(nèi)燃機(jī)）高效利用替代燃料技術(shù)交流研討會(huì)”專題報(bào)告摘要（匯總）一、中國(guó)內(nèi)燃機(jī)工業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)內(nèi)燃機(jī)應(yīng)用替代燃料的思考及幾點(diǎn)意見(jiàn)二、美國(guó)西南研究院southwest research institute1、未來(lái)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的替代燃料評(píng)價(jià)技術(shù)alternative fuel assessment for future engine technologies dr. charles e. robertsthis presentation discusses the potential for use of various altern

8、ative fuels for future engine applications.the presentation recognizes the differences in selection of alternative fuels depending upon goals based upon potential co2 regulations, petroleum independence, and energy efficiency. for example, the u.s. has increased the use of ethanol as an alternative

9、fuel for the last several years, based upon a desire to reduce petroleum requirements. this strategy has been successful in meeting its goal. however, the well-to-wheels energy-cost for use of ethanol is worse than that for petroleum. hence, the outcome is that energy inefficiency has been accepted

10、to reduce petroleum consumption. in an effort to improve the fuel economy and range of ethanol-fueled vehicles, swri has developed cooled-egr technology for ethanol- or flex-fuel engines, thus meeting the goal of reduced petroleum use while simultaneously meeting the fuel economy and range demands o

11、f an ethanol powered vehicle. similarly, proposed co2 regulations might be addressed through alternative fuels, such as natural gas, ethanol and methanol. this study includes analysis of the co2 reduction potential for the alternative fuels, but also addresses the efficiency and energy cost for each

12、 fuel. the presentation culminates in a selection and rating chart for alternative fuels based upon different goals that may be required for future markets.本報(bào)告針對(duì)各種替代燃料在未來(lái)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)上的應(yīng)用潛力進(jìn)行討論。由于 co2 排放法規(guī)、石油資源自主性和能源效率的不同，各國(guó)對(duì)于替代燃料的選擇亦會(huì)不同。比如，美國(guó)在過(guò)去幾年中不斷增加對(duì)乙醇代用燃料的使用，希望藉此降低對(duì)石油的需求。這一舉措雖然成功地滿足了這一目標(biāo)，但用于汽車工業(yè)的乙醇燃油成本卻遠(yuǎn)

13、遠(yuǎn)高于石油。由此導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果是，為降低石油消耗，人們不得3精品 料推薦不接受能源效率低下的事實(shí)。美國(guó)西南研究院開(kāi)發(fā)的用于乙醇或其它混合燃料的冷卻 egr 技術(shù)，不但可以有效減少對(duì)石油燃料的使用，同時(shí)也能很好地滿足乙醇或其它動(dòng)力車輛的燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性和工況范圍要求。替代燃料（如天然氣、乙醇、甲醇）的使用將可能成為實(shí)現(xiàn)co2 排放法規(guī)的更有效途徑；為此，本報(bào)告增加了對(duì)替代燃料降低co2 排放潛力的分析，以及各種替代燃料的燃效和成本方面的內(nèi)容。報(bào)告中的高潮部分還根據(jù)未來(lái)市場(chǎng)的不同需求目標(biāo)，給出了各種替代燃料的選擇評(píng)價(jià)圖。2、低排高效的天然氣發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)技術(shù)natural gas engine technology

14、 for low emissions and high efficiency mr. timothy j callahanthis presentation will discuss technology for natural gas engines that enable them to achieve low emission while maintaining high efficiency. as an alternative to petroleum derived fuels, natural gas has several desirable characteristics:本

15、報(bào)告就各種天然氣技術(shù)進(jìn)行討論，在實(shí)現(xiàn)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)低排放的同時(shí)，仍然保持較高的燃燒效率。作為對(duì)動(dòng)力石油的替代燃料，天然氣具有如下優(yōu)勢(shì)特點(diǎn)： favorable co2 emissions due to its high hydrogen-to-carbon rationear zero particulate emissionsabundantly available with favorable pricing high octane number (resistance to knock)wide range of flammability二氧化碳排放較低（高氫碳比）顆粒排放幾乎為零資源豐富，價(jià)格

16、低廉高辛烷值（抗爆震）可燃性好in the united states (and elsewhere), heavy-duty natural gas engines have been widely used in fleet operations in regions with poor ambient air quality. as emission regulations have become increasingly restrictive, diesel engine emission levels are approaching those of natural gas eng

17、ines. however, the diesel engines require expensive aftertreatment and engine combustion strategies that lead to higher specific fuel consumption. with the appropriate technologies, the performance and emissions of gas engines can exceed the diesel engine or other alternatively fuelled engines.在美國(guó)（和

18、其它地區(qū)）一些環(huán)境空氣質(zhì)量惡劣的地區(qū)，重型天然氣發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)4精品 料推薦已被廣泛應(yīng)用于汽車運(yùn)輸業(yè)。隨著排放法規(guī)的日益嚴(yán)格，柴油機(jī)的排放水平逐漸接近天然氣發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。但是，柴油機(jī)需要用到昂貴的后處理裝置，且各種燃燒策略的運(yùn)用直接導(dǎo)致燃油耗增加。如果能夠采用適當(dāng)?shù)募夹g(shù)，氣體發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的性能和排放完全可以超越柴油機(jī)或其它替代燃料發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。in addition to low emissions, natural gas can also be used as a petroleum fuel substitute or extender as in the case of dual fuel engines. t

19、wo dual fuel engine scenarios are common. the first scenario is a dedicated dual fuel engine in which a small diesel pilot injection is used to ignite the natural gas air charge and the ratio of pilot energy to natural gas energy is about 1:100. in the second scenario, full diesel engine capability

20、is retained and natural gas is used to replace the equivalent diesel energy. that is as natural gas is added to the combustion mixture, the equivalent energy of diesel fuel is removed. in this case the percentage of natural gas substitution ranges from 15-85 percent.除排放低外，天然氣可以替代石油燃料，或作為雙燃料發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的混合添加物

21、?，F(xiàn)有兩種雙燃料發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)比較普遍。第一種是專門的雙燃料發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，只預(yù)噴少量的柴油用于引燃天然氣，預(yù)噴的柴油與天然氣的能量比約為 1:100。第二種雙燃料發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)則保留了全部的柴油機(jī)性能，但用天然氣替代具有等效能量的柴油。即，將天然氣添加到燃燒混合物的同時(shí)，釋放具有等效能量的柴油。這種情況下天然氣對(duì)柴油的替代比率在 15-85%technologies discussed include the ignition of lean burn and stoichiometric mixtures, exhaust aftertreatment, fuel system, and combustion s

22、trategies for dedicated natural gas engines and dual fuel engines.本報(bào)告所討論的各項(xiàng)技術(shù)包括：針對(duì)單燃料和雙燃料天然氣發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的稀薄燃燒及當(dāng)量混合燃燒點(diǎn)火技術(shù)、排氣后處理技術(shù)、燃料系統(tǒng)及燃燒策略。三、上海華普汽車有限公司shanghai maple automobile co., ltd.乘用車用點(diǎn)燃式m100 甲醇發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)研發(fā)research and development of spark-ignition engine fueled with methanol forpassenger car金先揚(yáng) mr xian yang

23、jin以點(diǎn)燃式內(nèi)燃機(jī)為基礎(chǔ)，全新開(kāi)發(fā)點(diǎn)燃式 m100 甲醇發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。該技術(shù)采用集成式電噴控制技術(shù)， 使點(diǎn)燃式 m100 甲醇發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)具有較高的靈活性。 產(chǎn)業(yè)化后的點(diǎn)燃式 m100 甲醇發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)動(dòng)力性將優(yōu)于同型號(hào)汽油機(jī)，燃料經(jīng)濟(jì)性優(yōu)勢(shì)顯著，搭載整車后的排放水平優(yōu)于國(guó)，達(dá)到歐標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，有效解決高比例甲醇發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)5精品 料推薦的腐蝕、摩擦、磨損，極大的提高發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的壽命。based on spark-ignition engine, we have researched and developed 100% methanol fuel engine, which is highly practical and v

24、ery flexible to use integrated electronic dual-fuel injection technology. the performances of spark-ignition methanol engine have exceeded the ones of gasoline engine for the same types: better economy(methanol is more cheaper than gasoline), higher efficiency, remarkably reduced exhaust emissions (

25、standard euro), longer service life and so on.四、道依茨一汽大連柴油機(jī)有限公司deutz dalian diesel engine co,ltd.壓燃式內(nèi)燃機(jī)燃用m100 甲醇技術(shù)研究the analysis on compression ignition internal combustion engine with m100methanol technology王天靈博士 dr. wang tianling隨著我國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的日益發(fā)展，石油燃料的能源短缺日益突出，局域市場(chǎng)特別是在我國(guó)煤三角地區(qū)，重型甲醇發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)將被日益廣泛地應(yīng)用于汽車運(yùn)輸業(yè)。本報(bào)告

26、針對(duì)壓燃式內(nèi)燃機(jī)燃用 m100 甲醇技術(shù)在我國(guó)的應(yīng)用空間、 存在問(wèn)題、采用的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)和應(yīng)用支持環(huán)境進(jìn)行了討論和分析，通過(guò)對(duì)燃燒系統(tǒng)、燃料供給系統(tǒng)、進(jìn)氣系統(tǒng)和后處理系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)化匹配與控制，論述實(shí)現(xiàn)甲醇發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的 清潔高效燃燒的可行性。 報(bào)告所討論的技術(shù)包括：動(dòng)力性、燃料經(jīng)濟(jì)性、排放的優(yōu)化和控制、零部件的腐蝕性、溶脹性的分析和控制；冷啟動(dòng)的控制等策略。along with our national economic development, petroleum as fuel is in short supply, especially on coal production area, we pred

27、ict that heavy duty methanol engine will increasingly use on transportation. this presentation has discussed and analyzed towards compression ignition internal combustion engine on applications scope, problems, major technologies adoption and application environment; also discussed on feasibility of

28、 clean and high effect combustion through optimization and control toward combustion system, fuel feeding system, gas intake system and after-treatment system. discussed technologies included, power performance, fuel economy, emission optimization and control, parts corrosiveness, swelling analysis

29、and control; control of cold start etc.五、天津大學(xué)內(nèi)燃機(jī)燃燒學(xué)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室state key laboratory of engines, tianjin university壓燃式內(nèi)燃機(jī)甲醇 /柴油組合燃燒的研究及應(yīng)用application of alcoholic fuel ignited by diesel spray to ci engines6精品 料推薦姚春德 博士 教授 dr. prof. chunde yao本報(bào)告介紹柴油引燃醇類燃料在壓燃式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)上的研究和應(yīng)用。為減少柴油的消耗，針對(duì)醇類燃料著火性差的特點(diǎn)，天津大學(xué)開(kāi)發(fā)的采用柴油 /醇

30、雙燃料方法成功地實(shí)現(xiàn)了在壓燃式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)上應(yīng)用。研究結(jié)果表明，該方法同時(shí)適于甲醇和乙醇兩種醇類燃料。采用該方法的車輛經(jīng)數(shù)萬(wàn)公里道路試驗(yàn)考核，甲醇替代柴油的比例 20%，替換等熱值柴油所需甲醇遠(yuǎn)低于理論值，具有很大的節(jié)能優(yōu)勢(shì)。經(jīng)排放檢測(cè)表明，在柴油機(jī)采用機(jī)械式燃油噴射系統(tǒng)條件下，僅采用氧化催化轉(zhuǎn)化器便可使其排放水平由國(guó) 2 提升到國(guó) 3。本報(bào)告還就甲醇和乙醇對(duì)柴油著火的機(jī)理做了簡(jiǎn)單的介紹。 對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)采用醇 /柴油組合燃燒方式降低 co2 排放潛力的進(jìn)行了分析，并就采用甲醇 /柴油組合燃燒的運(yùn)輸成本做了簡(jiǎn)單分析。this report presents the results for the appl

31、ication of alcoholic fuel ignited by diesel spray to compression ignition engines. in order to reduce diesel fuel consumption, a novel combustion mode called as dmcc (diesel methanol compound combustion ) was developed by tianjin university for solving the problem of difficult self ignition of alcoh

32、olic fuel. the test results illustrated that the mode could be used to both methanol and ethanol. the vehicles equipped with those engines in the mode had run longer than several ten thousands kilometer, which showed that the diesel fuel substituted by methanol more than 20% and the diesel fuel subs

33、tituted by methanol at much less than theoretic calorific value. the road tests indicate the mode with great potential of energy saving. in addition, the emission level of engines with the mode could be upgraded to higher one even the engine with mechanical fuel injection system and simple oxide cat

34、alyst. meanwhile, the report also revealed the mechanism of ignition of diesel fuel in the hot alcoholic ambient. again, the potential to decrease co2 emission was analyzed for the engine with the combustion mode as well as to reduce the cost of transportation.六、美國(guó)泰科納公司ticona工程塑料在內(nèi)燃機(jī)燃油系統(tǒng)上的應(yīng)用engineer

35、ing thermoplastics applied in the modern fuel systems of internal combustion enginesmervyn cox, pom managerthis presentation provides an insight to ticona, the manufacturer of engineering thermoplastic resins with experience gained from over 50 years in the automotive industry.7精品 料推薦本報(bào)告來(lái)自泰科納公司 全球知名

36、的工程塑料生產(chǎn)商，在汽車行業(yè)擁有 50 多年豐富經(jīng)驗(yàn)。fuel technology is a very diverse field with a host of alternative fuel types now available to the industry, flex fuels - ethanol & methanol based, natural gas, diesel, bio derivatives and hydrogen to name a few.燃料技術(shù)是一個(gè)飛速發(fā)展的領(lǐng)域，如今在該行業(yè)相繼誕生了許多可替代燃料，如基于乙醇和甲醇的混合燃料、天然氣、柴油、各種生物衍生

37、物以及氫能源等。the presentation will explore which engineering thermoplastic materials are capable of supporting the extremely harsh environments of both today ands tomorrow s fuel types. it will also guide you through the innovations in engineering thermoplastic materials that have supported the changes i

38、n fuel system technology regardless of fuel type to gain the competitive edge.本報(bào)告將探討哪些塑料能夠適應(yīng)目前以及將來(lái)各種燃料極其苛刻的工作環(huán)境。 通過(guò)這個(gè)報(bào)告，大家將了解工程塑料界的創(chuàng)新歷程，這些創(chuàng)新在很大程度上促進(jìn)了汽車燃油系統(tǒng)技術(shù)的發(fā)展。無(wú)論是哪種燃料，材料的創(chuàng)新都能為您帶來(lái)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。七、西安交通大學(xué)xi an jiaotong university二甲醚發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的研究與開(kāi)發(fā)research and development of dme engines劉圣華教授prof. liu shenghua考慮到我國(guó)的石油

39、儲(chǔ)量、產(chǎn)量、進(jìn)口和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展對(duì)石油的需求，大力發(fā)展石油替代和提高內(nèi)燃機(jī)的效率對(duì)緩解石油緊張，實(shí)現(xiàn)能源多樣化和可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重要意義。二甲醚燃料具有沸點(diǎn)低、十六烷值高的特點(diǎn)，適合壓燃發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，主要存在的問(wèn)題是易氣化、潤(rùn)滑性差，需要對(duì)燃料供給系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行全新的設(shè)計(jì)。由于二甲醚高含氧，燃燒無(wú)顆粒排放，易于發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)采用 egr 降低 nox 排放。西安交大開(kāi)展二甲醚均質(zhì)壓燃和直噴壓燃兩種燃燒模式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的研究，表明二甲醚特別適合作為均質(zhì)壓燃發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的燃料，均質(zhì)壓燃二甲醚發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的空燃比、轉(zhuǎn)速以及負(fù)荷需要耦合聯(lián)動(dòng)，可以獲得理想的經(jīng)濟(jì)和排放特性。直噴壓燃柴油機(jī)燃用二甲醚后，其動(dòng)力性提高，經(jīng)濟(jì)性略有改善，對(duì)于自然吸氣發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)

40、的排放可以滿足國(guó)、增壓帶egr 可以滿足國(guó)排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。進(jìn)一步利用二甲醚的燃料特性，采用深度egr，二甲醚發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的排放可以采用類似汽油機(jī)三效催8精品 料推薦化反應(yīng)器，使排放滿足更高排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。in consideration of the petroleum deposit, production, import and requirement of the development of our economy, improving fuel efficiency as well as applying alternative fuels are two big ways to deal with

41、the shortage of petroleum based fuels, so that multiple fuel policy and sustainable development can be achieved.dimethyl ether (dme) is a kind of alternative fuel for compression ignition engines with lower boiling temperature and high enough octane number. the problems are lower lubricity and easie

42、r evaporating, which needs a new design fuel system. due to its higher oxygen content, no smoke combustion is quite suitable for egr to reduce dme engine nox formation and emission.much research activities have carried out to study dme as engine clean alternative fuel in xi an jiaotong university. d

43、me is the best fuel for hcci engine; the engine can run under joint control of a/f, speed and power with a good economy and low emissions. for a natural aspired direct injection compression ignition engine to run on dme, the engine emissions can easily to meet euro , and for a tc dme engine, its emi

44、ssion can meet euro standards with help of egr, while the dme engines have a better power performance and equivalence fuel economy compared with their original diesel engines. to take the advantage of dme, deep egr studies show that the di ci dme engine can run under stoichiometric a/f ratio, so tha

45、t three-way catalyst converter can be utilized to further emission regulations like gasoline engines.八、清華大學(xué)，汽車安全與節(jié)能國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室tsinghua university, state key laboratory of automobile safety and energy生物柴油在車用內(nèi)燃機(jī)上的應(yīng)用the application of bio-diesel on internal combustion engine for vehicle王建昕 wang jianxin簡(jiǎn)要介紹

46、了生物柴油目前在中國(guó)的生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)狀和可能利用的資源情況?；谠囼?yàn)研究結(jié)果分析了柴油中低比例摻混生物柴油時(shí)對(duì)柴油機(jī)性能的影響、生物柴油的非常規(guī)排放特性、以及高比例摻混生物柴油時(shí)大幅度降低柴油機(jī)微粒排放的效果以及不用后處理達(dá)國(guó) 4 排放的可能性。最后提出了盡快在我國(guó)車用柴油機(jī)上推廣應(yīng)用生物柴油的幾點(diǎn)建議。the current status and the possible resources of bio-diesel were briefly presented in this paper. based on the research of engine experiment, the effec

47、ts of blending fuel with the low proportion of bio-diesel/diesel on diesel engine performance, the9精品 料推薦characteristics of unregulated emissions fuelling bio-diesel, as well as the achieved results of significant reduction of particulate matter on diesel engine fuelled with high proportion of bio-d

48、iesel/diesel and the possibility to meet chinese 4th stage emission regulation without after-treatment, were analyzed. finally, some suggestions for the popularization and application of bio-diesel as soon as possible on internal combustion engine for vehicle in china were put forward.九、江蘇大學(xué)jiangsu

49、university生物柴油的應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ)研究the basic research of biodiesel fuel王忠 wang zhong2009 年我國(guó)汽車產(chǎn)銷分別為 1379.10 萬(wàn)輛和 1364.48 萬(wàn)輛，成為全球汽車產(chǎn)銷第一大國(guó)。我國(guó)非道路用柴油機(jī)的總產(chǎn)量居全球第一，單缸柴油機(jī)年產(chǎn)量突破 900 萬(wàn)臺(tái)。 2009 年我國(guó)石油對(duì)外依存度達(dá)到52%，石油燃料的緊張已經(jīng)威脅到我國(guó)的能源安全。此外，非道路用柴油機(jī)的nox 和 pm 排放已占柴油機(jī)排放總量的 20%和 36%，應(yīng)該引起人們的重視，針對(duì)非道路用柴油機(jī)尾氣排放的問(wèn)題，美國(guó) epa、美國(guó)加州空氣資源局（ carb ）、歐盟（ e

50、u）、日本均制定了較嚴(yán)格的非道路用柴油機(jī)排放法規(guī)。報(bào)告分為 3 個(gè)部分，第一部分介紹了生物柴油的理化特性與燃料設(shè)計(jì)；第二部分介紹了生物柴油的噴霧、燃燒過(guò)程研究情況；第三部分介紹了生物柴油排放污染物（常規(guī)與非常規(guī)）的檢測(cè)與控制技術(shù)的研究。生物柴油是由動(dòng)植物油脂與醇（例如甲醇或乙醇）經(jīng)過(guò)酯交換反應(yīng)制得的脂肪酸單烷基酯，最典型的為脂肪酸甲酯，生物柴油一般是由飽和脂肪酸甲酯（ c14:0c24:0）和不飽和脂肪酸甲酯（ c16:1c22:1、c18:2、c18:3）組成，不飽和脂肪酸甲酯中雙鍵的數(shù)量和位置對(duì)燃料十六烷值有很大的影響。生物柴油是一種綠色、可再生清潔能源，具有閃點(diǎn)高，運(yùn)輸、儲(chǔ)存安全的特點(diǎn)，

51、并能以任意比例與石化柴油摻燒，有利于維持全球二氧化碳排放平衡，減輕溫室效應(yīng)。美國(guó) epa 研究結(jié)果表明，燃用生物柴油（ bd100） 可以使二氧化碳排放量降低 78%，致癌物成分減少 94%，生物柴油的降解速度是傳統(tǒng)柴油的四倍，是唯一成功通過(guò)清潔空氣法排放測(cè)試的燃料。歐洲生物柴油主要應(yīng)用在公路運(yùn)輸、船舶航運(yùn)、農(nóng)業(yè)動(dòng)力、家庭取暖等，并且具有完善的市場(chǎng)激勵(lì)機(jī)制。我國(guó)的柴油機(jī)燃用 bd5 生物柴油的可靠性試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間燃用 bd5 生物柴油，性能不會(huì)出現(xiàn)惡化，零部件磨損與柴油基本一致。生物柴油整車排10精品 料推薦放結(jié)果表明，按照 15 循環(huán)測(cè)試，生物柴油 hc、co、pm 排放下降幅度

52、可達(dá) 50% 左右，僅有 nox 排放上升 5.8%。報(bào)告介紹了國(guó)內(nèi)外各高校、 科研院所（德國(guó) stuttgart 大學(xué)、美國(guó) pennsylvania 大學(xué)、英國(guó) birmingham 大學(xué)、美國(guó) lawrence 實(shí)驗(yàn)室、法國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)研究院）在生物柴油基礎(chǔ)理論領(lǐng)域的研究工作，重點(diǎn)介紹了我國(guó)在生物柴油的分子結(jié)構(gòu)、燃料組分、十六烷值、密度、碘值、運(yùn)動(dòng)粘度、低溫流動(dòng)性、氧化安定性、噴霧、燃燒等領(lǐng)域所開(kāi)展的工作及成果。我國(guó)發(fā)展生物柴油產(chǎn)業(yè)面臨的主要挑戰(zhàn)有：成本偏高、低溫流動(dòng)性較差、氧化安定性較差、 nox 排放較高等。生物柴油低溫流動(dòng)性、氧化安定性等方面存在的問(wèn)題，可以通過(guò)技術(shù)手段解決， nox

53、排放可以降低到礦物柴油的水平，并可以減輕二氧化碳排放。在生物柴油制備過(guò)程中，采用低飽和度原料油或較長(zhǎng)鏈或支鏈醇，可以獲得良好的低溫流動(dòng)性；在生物柴油使用過(guò)程中，添加低溫改進(jìn)劑也可以有效改善生物柴油的低溫流動(dòng)性。添加bha 、bht 、tbhq 等抗氧化劑可以顯著提高生物柴油的氧化安定性。采用過(guò)氧化法、抗氧化法、微乳化法對(duì)生物柴油進(jìn)行燃料的重新設(shè)計(jì)，可以將生物柴油nox 排放降低到超低硫柴油的水平。生物柴油可以在國(guó)、國(guó)柴油機(jī)上長(zhǎng)期燃用，柴油機(jī)性能與燃燒礦物柴油的性能一樣，具有滿足國(guó)排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的潛力，但需要開(kāi)發(fā)相應(yīng)的燃料管理、排放控制系統(tǒng)。礦物柴油與生物柴油的非常規(guī)排放污染物也同樣引起了人們的重視，美國(guó)環(huán)境保護(hù)署（ epa）、歐洲化學(xué)品管理署（echa ）等紛紛制定法規(guī)限制柴油機(jī)的非常規(guī)排放污染物。我國(guó)的大氣污染物綜合排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也有一些檢測(cè)和限制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。報(bào)告還介紹了生物柴油與礦物柴油非常規(guī)排放污染物的研究情況。研究結(jié)果表明，生物柴油（ bd100）的羰基類污染物低于礦