1、英語高考專題復習,短 文 改 錯,鶴壁市第一中學韓鳳琰,短文改錯測試點 高考英語短文改錯主要考查考生在語篇中綜合運用英語語言知識的能力，它不同于單句改錯，考生應在理解短文的基礎上,，根據上下文的邏輯關系,對文中的錯誤做出判斷，并進行糾正。因此，該題型綜合性強，涉及面廣。,測試點分布 1、名詞 2、動詞時態(tài)/語態(tài) 3、代詞 4、從句 5、形容詞、副詞 6、冠詞 7、連詞 8、介詞,短文改錯的設題切入口,近幾年高考短文改錯題題型穩(wěn)定、考查點 多、覆蓋面廣。 一般以三種題型出現: 增加,刪除或修改。 設問的角度有三個：詞法、句法和行文邏 輯。從這三個角度考查學生在語篇中綜合 運用英語的準確性。從錯誤

2、比例上看，,動詞形，名詞數， 還要注意形和副； 非謂語，細辨別， 代詞格，細領悟； 介詞短語常?？?， 習慣用法要記?。?句子成分多分析， 邏輯錯誤須關注， 冠詞連詞常光顧。,短文改錯口訣：,一、動詞形,主要包括兩類錯誤：動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)錯誤，以及主、謂不一致的錯誤。,2015新課標I： When I was a child,I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. 2014新課標II： We didnt need to do so many homework.,dont,thought,We must found

3、ways to protect our environment.(2015新課標I),分析： found改為find, 文章是描述過去發(fā)生的事情,但在情態(tài)動詞must后，要用動詞原形。,Im going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm go off. (2014四川卷),分析: go-goes主語為第三人稱單數，謂語應用單三形式。,1.After they had chose the books they wished to read, the instructor told them the principal point

4、s he wanted them to note.,2. Not only the students but also the teacher like the film.,chosen,likes,3.I will like to know where you were born.,would,4.When our six children were young ,suppertime is always being interrupted . 5.Growing up is not easy. Sometimes all that is need is someone to rely on

5、 .,was,needed, 考點剖析 此類題的錯誤設置一般包括以下幾個方面： (1) 短文中時態(tài)的使用前后不一致。 (2) 在特定語境條件下時態(tài)的誤用(如含有狀語從句的復合句中，主句用將來時態(tài)，而從句中則用一般現在時態(tài))。 (3) 主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)的混用。,解決方案 (1) 通讀全文，搞清文中動詞時態(tài)的主旋律 . (2) 結合語境，靈活運用時態(tài)形式 . (3) 認真推敲，準確把握主動與被動 .,二、名詞數,指名詞單、復數形式的用法錯誤。,2015新課標I：The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.,air,2014遼寧卷We

6、 have called several time about its barking.,times,I saw him lying in bed,looking at some of the picture we had taken together. (2013遼寧卷),分析：. picture改為pictures. some of 后接可數名詞的復數,(One passenger couldnt find his ticket.)They had so quickly offered the strangers their help. （ 2014浙江卷),分析：考查名詞數。本句的陌生人

7、是指the passenger,所以用單數形式stranger., 考點剖析 此類題的錯誤設置一般包括以下幾個方面： (1) 可名詞與不可數名詞的混用。 (2) 用于固定詞組中的一些名詞的 用法 。 (3) 同義詞或反義詞的混用。,解決方案,1. 理清可數與不可數名詞之間的區(qū)別與聯(lián)系。 2. 記清一些用于固定詞組中名詞的特殊用法 。 3.結合語境認真分辨同義名詞或近義名詞。,三、還要注意形和副,注意形容詞和副詞在句子中的作用和具體用法。這也是高考短文改錯題的?？键c。,修飾名詞或be動詞、系動詞后要用形容詞； 修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞、整個句子用副詞； 比較級和最高級的使用。,2015新課標：Lo

8、ts of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. 分析： seriously改為 serious.修飾名詞，前面用形容詞 2014 四川卷：Dont panic or get out of line,and try to remain quiet and calmly. 分析： calmly改為 calm .remain為系動詞，后接形容詞作表語構成系表結構。,1.They came back lately and had some tea . 2.The

9、 two men threw all their equipment into the water to make the balloon light. 3.The new person on the job feels more better after he or she has played tennis with other people in the office.,late,lighter,much,考點剖析 : (1)形容詞和副詞的混用，是短文改錯中常見的考點之一 . (2)比較級和最高級的混用或誤用. (3)比較級和最高級修飾語的誤用 以及近義詞的誤用 .,解決方案 (1) 熟

10、知形容詞和副詞的句法功能 . (2)理清短文中形容詞和副詞比較 等級的關系 . (3) 結合短文內容，準確使用形容詞和副詞.,四、非謂語，細辨別,這是考查最多的錯誤形式之一。主要有現在分詞、過去分詞，動名詞和不定式錯誤。,2014陜西卷： He wanted teach me about animals,and trees. 分析：want 后加to,構成want to do 句式。 2015新課標II：After looks at the toy for some time,he turned around and found that his parents were missing. 分

11、析：look 的動作是he 發(fā)出,用現在分詞。,So I helped them going to the nearest hospital.,分析： going改為go考查非謂語動詞的復合結構：help sb( to) do sth,My classmate, Joseph, is at present in hospital with a breaking leg.,【解析】 breaking- broken非謂語動詞做定語，與所修飾詞是被動關系，用過去分詞,1. I just want to thank you for helping me becoming a different pe

12、rson . 2.It is difficult to make yourself understand in English.,understood,become,4.On his way home, he suddenly heard his name calling. 5. After learn the basics of the subject, they found nothing else very practical.,called,learning,考點剖析 此類題的錯誤設置一般包括以下幾個方面： (1)謂語動詞與非謂語動詞的混用. (2)非謂語動詞之間的混用. (3)在并列

13、結構中非謂語動詞的誤用.,解決方案,(1) 縱觀全文或全句，明確句中動詞 所作的句子成分. (2)系統(tǒng)掌握非謂語動詞的句法功能. (3) 前后聯(lián)系，整體把握 .,高考鏈接6： I heard that Mr. Wang would teach our English this term.,人稱代詞主格和賓格，物主代詞的使用 反身代詞oneself的使用 3不定代詞的使用 4Both,all,either,neither,none的使用. 5.Whose 和whos，its和its的區(qū)別,五、 代詞格，細領悟,us,our,his,(2015新課標I) We must find ways to

14、protect your environment. 2013遼寧卷 I was eager to see him,but outside her room I stopped.,1.Knowledge is there for whomever will seek it.2.Whom do you think is the writer of this book? 3.His brothers case is quite different from me .,whoever,who,mine,4.People find increasingly difficult to make their

15、 living.5. Those fresh men finally learned to solve the problems by them. 6.I read your e-mail to my parents and showed them the photo you sent it to me .,it,themselves,考點剖析 此類題的錯誤設置一般包括以下幾個方面： 1) 代詞指代的人或事物前后不一致的錯誤. 2) “it” 一詞的不當使用(包括用于從句中或作形式主語或賓語). 3) 不定代詞或反身代詞的誤用.,解決方案 (1) 順藤摸瓜，理清短文中代詞的指 代關系，注意聯(lián)系

16、上下文。 (2)系統(tǒng)掌握it的各種用法 . (3)準確把握不定代詞在文中的正確使 用。,主要考查習慣搭配方面的基礎知識，其錯誤表現形式主要有三種：多詞、少詞和搭配錯誤。,catch a sight of lose my heart in hurry in Sunday afternoon such many people in a short,a,on,so,六、習慣用法要記住,1. Near five years ago,and with the help by our father,my sister and I planted some tomatoes in our back gard

17、en.(2014新課標),分析： by 改為of。 With the help of 是固定搭配。,2. Today,I am going to talk with what you should do when a fire alarm goes off. (2014四川卷),分析： withabout。talk about something屬于固定搭配。,2. The boy was absorbed building a dam in the brook. 3. The gentleman insisted at my receiving the money. 4. At last w

18、e reached to the village at the foot of the hill,in,on,1.Iimagineyoullbeatvacationyourselfatthattime.,6.Because the help you gave me that summer ,my life changed. 7. When a young man starts to earn his own living ,he can no longer expect others to pay his food .,of,for,考點剖析 : (1)在一些固定短語中，介詞的誤用 是很常見的

19、題型 . (2)介詞與連詞或副詞的混用. (3)及物動詞之后介詞的多用或不及物動詞之后介詞的漏用.,解決方案: (1)平時的學習中注意積累語言知識，特別是一些固定搭配的記憶 . (2)強化語法訓練，分清連詞，副詞和介詞之間的區(qū)別和句法功能 . (3)語法知識的記憶和語感的培養(yǎng)結合起來 .,七、句子成分多分析,不同的句子成分要用不同的詞類；不同的語境要選擇不同的詞語。只有對句子結構和成分作細致的分析，才能找出用詞不當的錯誤。,She looked at me and started to laugh. “How are you laughing?”I asked. I was lucky eno

20、ugh to have a teacher which didnt take my bad grades as a judgement of my abilities, but ,who / that,Why,1. The United States is composed of fifty states, two of those are separated from the others by land or water.2. These photos will show you how our village looks like . 3.I cannot make sense of t

21、hat he said at the meeting.,which,what,what,八、邏輯錯誤須關注,與句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，屬于邏輯性錯誤，如稱謂上的張冠李戴。,2014新課標：Though we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year,But we have never had any disease or insect attack problem. (去掉but或改為yet) Some students may also save up for our college or futur

22、e use.,Our改their,1.I came into the living room and saw one of them just go through the kitchen door but turn on the light. 2.He will stay there one and two days. 3. There may not be much choice between this one or that.,and,or,and,考點剖析: (1)并列連but ,and ,or, so 等詞的混用，常常出現在改錯題中。 (2)并列連詞和從屬連詞的混用。 (3)平行結

23、構方面的錯誤。,?？嫉腻e誤形式有：連詞but， and， or和so的用法錯誤，以及冠詞的用法錯誤等。,2007全國II：I meant to write long letter and tell you all the things Im doing at the school 2007四川卷：An Australian farmer found the kangaroo caught in the fence around his farm.,a,a,九、冠詞、連詞常光顧,分析：前后文是并列關系， 用并列連詞and。,Some friends of his go to see him ev

24、ery day, they take him Lost of good books and fresh fruit. (陜西卷),I meant to give it back to you before four in the afternoon，and I was hold up on my way back. (全國卷2),分析： 前后文是轉折關系， 用轉折連詞but,Every kind of the Chinese food is worth trying. (重慶卷),分析： 去掉the,【解析】考查冠詞用法。由umbrella 的發(fā)音可知，元音前應使用冠詞an,The drive

25、r put the window down and offered us a umbrella. (浙江卷),浙江卷：Today I was having a PE lesson while I fell down and hurt my foot. 遼寧卷：She always made sure that our homework was finished on time, but she marked strictly on our actual performance. 四川卷： He thought the poor animal was injured, but the kind

26、farmer took off his jacket and put on the animal.,when,and,so,詞的多用,1.Last summer ,I went to Beijing, my first time trip to the city. 2.Two years later, he returned back home. 3. It is about 200 miles far away from London. 4Many students feel it that a popular teacher must be kind and easy-going.,短篇練

27、習,【解題步驟】,1 瀏覽全文，掌握大意,2 分句閱讀，逐行找錯,3 檢查核對，攻克難點,4 規(guī)范答題 不留空白,解題原則,一、錯誤以改動最少為原則 二、虛詞以添加或刪除為原則 三、實詞以改變形式為原則 四、原意以堅持不變?yōu)樵瓌t,四不改： 1. 單詞拼寫不改 . 2. 大小寫不改 . 3. 詞序不改 . 4. 標點符號不改 .,At Christmas Eve, Jim went with his father to choose a Christmas tree. They choose a big one. It was almost as taller as the room! They put them in the corner of t