1、Unit 1 Women of achievement Learning about language,高一人教新課標(biāo)版必修四,1 Find the word or phrase from the previous pages of this unit for each of these meanings.,1. _ close connection that people have with each other. 2. _ home made in a tree usually for a bird.,bond,nest,Discovering useful words and expre

2、ssions,3. _ organization with a special purpose, especially for research or teaching 4. _ (of thoughts, questions, etc) to fill ones mind. 5. _ the period of time when someone is a child,institute,crowd in,childhood,6. _ giving opinions openly and honestly 7. _ to move away from a place; to leave 8.

3、 _ happiness and health of people; money paid by the government 9. _ task that requires a lot of time and effort.,outspoken,move off,welfare,project,2 Fill in the chart with the proper verb or noun form.,behave,achievement,connection,organization,specialist,advertise,observe,argue,permission,inspire

4、,Key for Exercise 3: 1. observed 2. worthwhile 3. argue 4. respect,Subject verb agreement,Grammar,The boy _ diving.,They _ diving.,Both Jack and Tim _ diving.,All of them _ diving.,Neither Jack nor Tim _ walking.,is,are,are,is,are,Finish the following exercises.,The team _ some good players. (have)

5、The team _ handsome. (be),has,are,The singer and dancer _ on the stage.,is,A knife and fork _ used to have meals.,is,Bob,Bob _ a worker.,is,Mike,Mike and Bob _ workers.,are,Both Mike and Bob _ workers.,are,Neither Mike nor Bob _ a teacher.,is,Neither of them _ (know) how to teach English.,knows/know

6、,None of them _ (know) how to teach English.,knows/know,Neither of the rabbits _ handsome.,Neither dog _ big.,Neither of them _ big.,is,is/are,Neither rabbit _ handsome.,is,is/are,主謂一致,主謂一致是指謂語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上必須 和主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。這是英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法中必須遵循的基本規(guī)則。主謂一致 主要有以下幾種情況：,二、意義一致原則,三、就近原則,一、語(yǔ)法一致原則,一、語(yǔ)法一致 主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)形式

7、; 主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)形式, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 e.g. I often help him and he often helps me. We often help each other. 不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)； 可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式作主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 用復(fù)數(shù)。,二、意義一致 主語(yǔ)形式雖為單數(shù), 但意義為復(fù)數(shù), 謂語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù); 主語(yǔ)形式為復(fù)數(shù), 而意義 為單數(shù), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如： The crowd were surrounding the government official. 人群包圍了這位政府官員。 Maths is hard to learn. 數(shù)學(xué)難學(xué)。,三、就近

8、原則 就近原則即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式 取決于最靠近它的主語(yǔ)。 There is a pen and two pencils on the desk. 桌子上有一支鋼筆和兩支鉛筆。,注意: 1. and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上單數(shù) 名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有以下 兩種情況: 1) and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上不同的人或 物作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如： He and I are both students of this school. Time and tide wait for no man. 歲月不饒人。,2) 如果連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列結(jié)構(gòu) 是指同一個(gè)人或物, 或指同一概念時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

9、 用單數(shù), 這時(shí)and后面的名詞前不加冠詞。 如: 表整體概念的并列結(jié)構(gòu) bread and butter knife and fork iron and steel law and order 配套事物： a watch and chain a needle and thread The knife and fork is on the desk. 刀叉放在桌子上。,2.主語(yǔ)后面帶有with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, including, but 等引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必

10、須 與前面的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。 e.g. The teacher, together with his students, is planting trees in the garden. 老師和同學(xué)們正在花園里種樹(shù)。 E-mail, as well as the telephones, _ playing an important part in daily communication.,is,3. 如果主語(yǔ)是不定式, 動(dòng)詞-ing形式或 主語(yǔ)從句時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 What he is doing seems very important. 他正在做什么看起來(lái)很重要。 Serv

11、ing the people is my great happiness. 為人民服務(wù)是我最大的幸福。,4. 用連接的并列主語(yǔ)被each, every 或no 修飾時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 Every boy and every girl in the class is diligent. 班里的每個(gè)男孩女孩都很用功。 5. each of + 復(fù)數(shù)代詞, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)用單數(shù)。 復(fù)數(shù)代詞+ each, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 Each of us has something to say. We each have something to say. 我們每個(gè)人都有些話要說(shuō)。,6. 不定代詞 all, mo

12、re, some, any, none等 作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞視情況而定?？捎?單數(shù), 也可用復(fù)數(shù); 但當(dāng)它指代不可數(shù)名詞 時(shí)看作單數(shù), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 All the apples are rotten. All the apple is rotten. None of us are /is perfect. None of the money is left.,7. 復(fù)合不定代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 用單數(shù)。 Someone is calling you. 有人叫你。 Nothing is found in the room. 在屋里找不到什么東西。,8. 名詞如trousers, sc

13、issors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù); 而形復(fù)義單的名詞如news, 以-ics結(jié)尾的 學(xué)科名稱如physics, politics, 國(guó)名如 the United States; 報(bào)紙名如the New Times; 書名如Great Expectations遠(yuǎn)大前程, 以及the United Nations作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 用單數(shù)。,如： The scissors are sharp. No news is good news. Great Expectations was written by Charles Dicken

14、s in 1860.,9. 集體名詞作主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)， 也可用復(fù)數(shù), 主要由句子的意思決定。 強(qiáng)調(diào)整體時(shí)用單數(shù), 強(qiáng)調(diào)整體中的個(gè)體 的用復(fù)數(shù)。這類名詞有people, family, class, population, crowd, team, ground等。 His family is going out. 他們?nèi)乙獬觥?His family are all music lovers. 他們?nèi)叶际且魳?lè)愛(ài)好者。,10. 有些名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同, 作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由上下文決定。這類名詞有 means, deer, sheep, Chinese, Japanese, fis

15、h等。如： Not every means is useful. 并非每種方法都有效。 Not all means are useful. 并非所有的方法都有效。,11. 表示一類人的 “the +形容詞(分詞)” 作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 The sick in the accident have been taken to the hospital. The lost have been found.,12. 表示時(shí)間、金錢、距離、度量等名詞 作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 不管單復(fù)數(shù)形式, 其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 用單數(shù)。如： Thirty years is not a long time. 30年的時(shí)間并不長(zhǎng)。

16、Two hours is enough for me to finish the work.兩個(gè)小時(shí)對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)完成 這項(xiàng)工作足夠了。,13. the rest of, half of, majority of, part of, a lot of, lots of, one of, a number of, a plenty of, percent of 以及分?jǐn)?shù)詞等作 主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于后面 名詞的數(shù), 即就近原則。如： A part of the students have arrived. A part of the apple has been eaten by the m

17、ouse.,14. 在表存在的there be 句式中, 主語(yǔ)是 兩個(gè)或多個(gè)并列名詞(短語(yǔ)), be的形式 與最近的一個(gè)名詞(短語(yǔ))保持一致。 There is a pen, two pencils and several books on the desk. =There are two pencils, a pen and several books on the desk. =There are several books, a pen and two pencils on the desk.,15. 由here, there等引導(dǎo)的倒裝句中, 若主語(yǔ)不止一個(gè)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與最近的 主語(yǔ)

18、保持一致。如： Here comes the bus. Here is a pen and two books for you.,16. 用連詞 or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also等連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。如： Neither you nor I am wrong. Neither I nor you are wrong. Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys listening to the music. Not only the teacher but

19、also the students enjoy listening to the music.,用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。 1. He as well as his two friends _ (be) going for a picnic this Saturday. 2. According to the report, three hours of outdoor exercise a week _ (be) good for ones health.,is,is,3. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _ (visit

20、) a museum when the earthquake struck. 4. 70 percent of the students in our class _ (be) girls. 5. Most of his time _ (spend) on computer games in the past.,was visiting,are,was spent,6. The football team _ (be) made up of 22 players and the team _ (be) very young. 7. Every man and every woman _ (as

21、k) to help when the earthquake broke out. 8. Either he or you _ (be) interested in playing football in our class.,was asked,are,are,is,9. At present the police _ (look) for the lost boy whose trousers _ (be) blue. 10. Physics _ (be) difficult to learn and every means _ (try) to improve it.,are looki

22、ng,is,are,has been tried,One or two days _ enough to see the city A. is B. are C. am D. be 2. Neither my wife nor I myself _ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind A. is B. are C. am D. be,Choose the best answer.,A,C,3. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination aft

23、er another A. is B. are C. am D. be 4. Not the teacher, but the students _ looking forward to seeing the film A. is B. are C. am D. be,B,B,5. Nobody but Betty and Mary _ late for class yesterday A. was B. were C. has been D. have been 6. A woman with some children _ soon A. is coming B. are coming C

24、. has come D. have come,A,A,7. No one except my parents _ anything about this. A. know B.knows C. is known D. are known 8. The teacher as well as the students _ the book already A. has read B. have read C. are reading D. is reading 9. All but one _ in the accident A. was killed B. were killed C. will be killed D. are killed,B,B,A,10. When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not been decided D. have not decided 11. The number of people invited _fifty, bu