1、1,The Attributive Clause,2,The person who/that helped me was a stranger. The pen that/which he chose was very expensive. Everything that I do seems to be wrong. Everyone that knows her likes her. The book that /which I want is on the top shelf. The car which /that knocked him down did not stop.,3,句子

2、類型,簡單句,并列句,復(fù)合句,含有,主句,從句,名詞性從句,副詞性從句,形容詞性從句,4,名詞性從句：主語從句，賓語從句，表語從 句， 同位語從句,副詞性從句：狀語從句,形容詞性從句：定語從句,5,定語從句,：在復(fù)合句中修飾某一名詞或代詞的主 謂結(jié)構(gòu)，由關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)，位于先行詞 之后?？煞譃橄薅ㄐ远ㄕZ從句和非限 定性定語從句。,先行詞,：定語從句所修飾的詞。,關(guān)系詞：,引導(dǎo)定語從句,關(guān)系代詞,關(guān)系副詞,6,關(guān)系代詞：在從句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語 （which, that, who, whom, whose）。,關(guān)系副詞：在從句中作狀語（when, where, why）。,7,General

3、 uses of the relative words（關(guān)系詞的基本用法）, Relative pronouns關(guān)系代詞,which that who whom whose,Relative adverbs關(guān)系副詞,used for things or animals,used for persons,when: where: why:,used for time as an adverbial in the clause,used for places as an adverbial in the clause,used after the word “reason”,8,e.g. The

4、woman who /that sits next to my mother teaches us mathematics. Those are not the girls（ whom） I saw yesterday. She was very pleased with the present （that/which） he bought her. This is the book that was given to me. She complained to the man whose dog had bitten her. I want to speak to the man whose

5、 car was parked outside my house all day. He lives in a room whose window faces south.,9,1. The tree was very tall. He climbed it. 2.He looked for the girl. She was selling tickets. 3.This is my brother . He is going to India. 4.The boy is my friend. His picture is in the newspaper.,The tree that/ w

6、hich he climbed was very tall.,He looked for the girl who was selling tickets.,This is my brother who is going to India.,The boy whose picture is in the newspaper is my friend.,Practice : Join the two sentences together,10,The Restrictive Attributive Clause and Non-restrictive Attributive Clause (限定

7、性定語從句和非限定性定語從句),A restrictive attributive clause tells us which particular thing or person is meant. In the above examples the restrictive attributive clauses answer the questions: Which person? Which pen? Which man?,The person who/that helped me was a stranger. The pen (that) he chose was very expe

8、nsive. The man (that/whom) they elected was very popular.,Restrictive attributive clauses,11,Note: (i) These clauses are not marked off by commas. (ii) In the first example who or that may be used. (iii) In the last two examples that or whom may be left out.,12,Non-restrictive attributive clauses,My

9、 eldest brother, who is seventeen, has left school. The letter to Mary, which I posted a month ago, has still not arrived. John, with whom I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much. My aunt Helen, whose cat is called Tabitha, keeps many pets.,Non-restrictive attributive clause do not answer the qu

10、estion: “Which one?”. We already know which person or thing is meant. Non-restrictive Attributive Clause simply add information.,13,Notice that in non-restrictive attributive clause :,(i)Which is used rather than that. (ii)Which, who and whom are never omitted. (iii)Whom is used as the object of a n

11、on-restrictive attributive clause. (iv)Usually commas are placed before and after non-restrictive attributive clause.,14,關(guān)系副詞：在從句中作狀語（when, where, why）。,when: where: why:,used for time as an adverbial in the clause,used for places as an adverbial in the clause,used after the word “reason”,e.g. Have

12、you been to the factory where your father works? They met at the time when they were both working for the same company. Do you still remember the day when you first came to the school? The reason why he didnt come was that he was sick.,15,Kunming is a beautiful city where flowers are seen all the ye

13、ar round.,1. Kunming is a beautiful city. Flowers are seen all the year round.,Practice: Join the two sentences together.,I will never forget the day when I went to meet you at the airport .,2. I will never forget the day. I went to meet you at the airport on the day.,The reason why Spielberg could

14、not go to the Film Academy was that his grades were too low.,3. Spielberg could not go to the Film Academy. It was because his grades were too low.,16,關(guān)系代詞做介詞的賓語,When we use a relative pronoun with a preposition, we have two choices. Placing the preposition before the relative pronoun is more formal

15、,The woman who/whom Spielberg is married to is an actress.,The woman to whom Spielberg is married is a actress.,The car which /that my brother was sitting in was barely touched but the other car was badly damaged.,The car in which my brother was sitting was barely touched but the other car was badly

16、 damaged.,17,Practice: Join the two sentence together. 1.This book is about the time. Lincoln was President then. 2. This is the house. Edison was born in the house. 3. The school is still standing. Marx learnt to read and write there. 4. There were many poor people in the town. John grew up in the

17、town. 5. Lincoln had very little free time. He could study then. 6. Yesterday we went to visit the house. The great writer used to live in the house.,This book is about the time when Lincoln was President.,This is the house where Edison was born.,The school where Marx learnt to read and write is sti

18、ll standing.,There were many poor people in the town where John grew up.,Lincoln had very little free time when he could study.,Yesterday we went to visit the house where the great writer used to live.,18,Exercises for Attributive Clause Fill in the relative blankets using the relative pronouns, rel

19、ative adverbs or preposition +relative pronoun. California, _ official nickname is the Golden State, is one of the fastest growing states in the United States. The first people _explored and settled California were the Spaniards, _ gave Spanish names to its two great cities, Los Angeles and San Fran

20、cisco. 1849 was the year _Americans came and so was it the time_ gold was discovered. The reason _ the men _ made movies came to California was that the weather here is fine. The sun allowed them to take pictures outdoors nearly every day in the year. Hollywood, _ lies in the northwestern part of th

21、e city of Los Angles, became the movie capital of the world. When oil was discovered, people came to work in the oil field. World War II was the period_ many large airplane factories were built in California. The highest mountain in California is Mt Whitney, a 14,494-foot-high granite peak, _ _ one can look down on Death Valley to the east, the lowest point in the United