1、,Gender Differences,Unit 10,Unit 10,Gender Differences,1 Around the Topic,2 Section A,3 Section B,4 Section C,Leading in,Exploring the Topic,Plus Activities,Warming-up,Text A,Exercises,Background Information,Reading Through,Exercises,Related Knowledge,Sample Reading,Exercises,Useful Terms,Who do you

2、 think is smarterboys or girls? Who should do the cooking? Who should drive the truck? And why do you believe these things? When it comes to boys and girls, there are just so many questions about why we do the things we do! Maybe if we start from the beginning, when were born, we can try and solve t

3、his mystery once and for all!,Directions: In this section, youll hear a short dialog between Penny, a mother, and Mr. Green, an expert, about girls being different from boys. While listening, try to complete the following chart with the information you hear.,Three sons and one daughter.,They are so

4、different from boys.,Talk with her about her worries And dont get angry when she talks back.,Big Bill Bell Hes here! Of course he is. Whos here? Big Bill. Big Bill Bell. Bills here. Oh, you mean Bill! Bill who? Big Bill! Bill Bell. Thats right, thats him! Bill Bell? Whos he? You know him very well.

5、You know him. Sure I do! I do? Big Bill Bell! Of course you do. Big Bill Bell! Hes a friend of yours. I know him very well. He is?,Return,Task 1 Read the following chant by the tempo of Jazz music and pay attention to the sounds and intonations.,Jazz,1. Who are stronger, boys or girls? 2. Who do you

6、 think are smarterboys or girls? 3. Who should do cooking? 4. Who should drive trucks? 5. Do you believe that only boys do well in science? 6. Does it seem to you that girls have better vocabularies than boys?,Task 2 Discuss the following questions in two groups, boys in one group, and girls in anot

7、her. Give your answers to the questions first, and then give your reasons.,Directions: The following paragraph is taken from Text A. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks without referring to the original text.,A team of _ discovered that there are strong _ between how boys and girls are _: while

8、daughters in their study were often kept close to their parents, sons were _ to move _ and to develop_.,researchers,differences,raised,on their own,independence,encouraged,Watch the video and discuss the following topics.,1. What do you think of “Boys will be boys”? What does it imply? 2. What is th

9、e womans traditional status? Are there any changes in modern society?,“Boys will be boys, and girls will be girls” is a deeply rooted conviction held by people in ancient China. In the old days, women are supposed to do things women must do, like doing the laundry and cooking, caring for the childre

10、n and taking care of their husband, spinning and weaving, etc. Lucky as Mu Lan who was good at many things, such as fighting, running, shooting, riding, and even reading and writing, which are only supposed to what boys can do, still her place is “in the home”. Mu Lan is sixteen now and “old enough

11、to marry a good husband” according to her mother.,1. What do you think of “Boys will be boys”? What does it imply?,It is traditionally believed that a womans place is in the home. There are many tasks for a woman to do, such as caring for the children, do cooking, cleaning, mending and sewing, and e

12、ven looking after her husband. In modern society, however, it is possible for a woman to go out of the home. Families today tend to be small with only one child. Thus a womans whole period of child-care may occur within at most five years. As for housework, washing machines can wash a large quantity

13、 of clothes in a few minutes. Refrigerators have made it possible to store food for long periods. The wife never has to do sewing and mending since good ready-made clothes are cheap and plentiful.,2. What is the womans traditional status? Are there any changes in modern society?,你相信只有男孩能學(xué)好理科嗎？在你看來，女

14、孩比男孩更善言辭？如果你回答“是”，根據(jù)當(dāng)代科學(xué)雜志的一篇文章，你也許是對的。讀書不存先入為主之見固然重要，然而在這還是先介紹一些這篇文章中的研究結(jié)果。,Chinese,Do you believe that only boys do well in science? Does it seem to you that girls have better vocabularies than boys? If your answers are “yes”, you may be right, according to an article in Current Science. While it

15、is important to read things with an open mind, here are some of the articles findings.,Why Do Girls and Boys Learn Differently?,On average, males score higher on tests that measure mathematical reasoning, mechanical ability, and problem-solving skills. Females, on the other hand, do better on tests

16、measuring vocabulary, spelling, and memory.,Chinese,一般而言，男性在測驗(yàn)數(shù)學(xué)推理、機(jī)械能力和解決問題等技能的考試中得分較高，而女性則在詞匯、拼寫和記憶力方面的測試中表現(xiàn)更好。,Usually, too, baby girls talk at an earlier age than boys do. Scientists think there is a physical reason for this. They believe that nerves in the left side of the brain develop faster

17、in girls than in boys. It is this side of the brain that strongly influences a persons ability to use words, to spell, and to remember.,Chinese,女嬰通常比男嬰早學(xué)會(huì)說話?？茖W(xué)家認(rèn)為這有其生理原因。他們認(rèn)為女孩大腦左半部的神經(jīng)比男孩的發(fā)育得更快，而對一個(gè)人用詞、拼寫和記憶能力有重大影響的正是左半腦。,According to the article, by the time they start school, little girls have an

18、advantage that boys do not have: girls are physically more ready to remember facts, to spell, and to read. These, of course, are skills that are very important as children first begin school.,根據(jù)這篇文章所說，到開始上學(xué)時(shí)，小女孩就具備了小男孩所沒有的優(yōu)勢。女孩在生理上為記憶、拼寫和閱讀作了更好的準(zhǔn)備，而這些技能當(dāng)然是孩子上學(xué)之初非常重要的技能。,Chinese,What, then, is happen

19、ing with boys during their years before starting school? Some people say that society is teaching them to be more forceful than girls. A forceful person is said to be unafraid of questioning others, and to be an independent thinker.,Chinese,那么，在開始上學(xué)的前幾年，男孩又是怎樣一種狀況呢？有人說，社會(huì)教育他們要比女孩更堅(jiān)強(qiáng)。據(jù)說一個(gè)堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的人不畏懼向別人提出

20、質(zhì)疑，而且能夠獨(dú)立思考。,What produces such force in little boys? It has long been assumed that it is the result of chemistry in the male body. Scientists today, however, believe that there are other, outside, factors too. They say such force is learned from parents.,男孩身上的這股力量是怎么造成的呢？長期以來，人們認(rèn)為這是男性體內(nèi)的化學(xué)組織造成的。然而，

21、當(dāng)今科學(xué)家認(rèn)為還有其他外部因素。他們說這種力量是從父母那里學(xué)來的。,Chinese,A team of researchers discovered that there are strong differences between how boys and girls are raised: while daughters in their study were often kept close to their parents, sons were encouraged to move on their own and to develop independence.,Chinese,一組

22、研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)男孩和女孩的養(yǎng)育方式截然不同：當(dāng)女兒學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)，父母常常伴隨其左右，而對兒子他們卻鼓勵(lì)其自由活動(dòng)，培養(yǎng)其自主能力。,As a result, it is easy to understand why little girls often perform school tasks better than boys, especially if the task requires sitting still, obeying orders, and accepting the teachers ideas. A girl may do very well in school, while

23、a boy the same age may bring home lower marks. Why, then, do so few girls become great scientists?,結(jié)果，為什么小女孩往往較小男孩能更好地完成學(xué)校的功課就容易理解了，尤其是如果這些功課要求坐端正、聽從命令和接受老師的意見。女孩可能在學(xué)校里學(xué)得很好，而同齡的男孩卻可能拿著較差的分?jǐn)?shù)回家?？蔀槭裁礇]有幾個(gè)女孩成為偉大的科學(xué)家呢？,Chinese,While boys are taught in society to be more forceful, and to solve problems the

24、mselves, girls, on the other hand, are not encouraged to be this way. Girls, therefore, are often limited to getting high marks in school for remembering what the teacher has told them, instead of being allowed to question without fear like boys.,Chinese,當(dāng)社會(huì)教育男孩要更堅(jiān)強(qiáng)、自己解決問題的時(shí)候，社會(huì)卻不鼓勵(lì)女孩這樣做。所以，女孩常常因?yàn)橛涀?/p>

25、老師傳授的東西而取得高分，而不像男孩那樣被鼓勵(lì)去大膽提問。,In todays world, most people believe that this situation is wrong, and that there is a solution: if men and women were both encouraged to learn and to solve problems in the same ways, more room would be available in society for new ideas from everyone.,當(dāng)今世界，大多數(shù)人都認(rèn)為這種狀況有

26、問題，并且相信有辦法解決：如果鼓勵(lì)男女都以同樣的方式去學(xué)習(xí)和解決問題的話，我們的社會(huì)就可能有更大的空間來容納每個(gè)人的新思想。,Meaning: While it is important for us to read things with a mind that is ready for new ideas and opinions, let us have a look at some of the findings reported in the article.,While it is important to read things with an open mind, here a

27、re some of the articles findings. (Para. 1),Meaning of the Sentences,On average, males score higher on tests that measure mathematical reasoning, mechanical ability, and problem-solving skills. (Para. 2),Meaning: Generally speaking, males get higher marks on tests that measure mathematical reasoning

28、, mechanical ability, and problem-solving skills.,Meaning: What strongly influences a persons ability to use words, to spell, and to remember things is this side of the brain.,It is this side of the brain that strongly influences a persons ability to use words, to spell, and to remember. (Para. 3),M

29、eaning of the Sentences,Some people say that society is teaching them to be more forceful than girls. (Para. 5),Meaning: In some peoples opinion, society is teaching boys to be stronger and more powerful than girls.,Meaning of the Sentences,A forceful person is said to be unafraid of questioning oth

30、ers, and to be an independent thinker. (Para. 5),Meaning: People say a forceful person is not afraid of questioning others and has his/her own ideas or way of thinking.,unafraid=not afraid Note that the word is formed with the prefix (前綴) “un-” which has a negative meaning. More examples: unknown 不為

31、人知的 unpleasant 不愉快的 unrest 不安的 untie 解開 unmarried 未婚的 unnatural 不自然的,A girl may do very well in school, while a boy the same age may bring home lower marks. (Para. 8),Meaning: It is possible that a girl gets good marks in school, while a boy of the same age may come home with lower marks.,a boy the

32、same age=a boy who is as old as the girl, if men and women were both encouraged to learn and to solve problems in the same ways, more room would be available in society for new ideas from everyone. (Para. 10),Meaning: if women are encouraged to learn and to solve problems in the same way as men are,

33、 there would be greater possibility for everyone in society to come up with new ideas.,more room would be available in society for new ideas from everyone=more room for new ideas from everyone would be available,There are stereotyped ideas about gender differences. This section deals with the proble

34、m by comparing the ways of learning between boys and girls and exploring the factors that cause the differences. In the first paragraph, the writer raises the problem: boys do well in science while girls do well in vocabulary. In order to support this viewpoint, three findings are cited in the next

35、three paragraphs. From Paragraphs 5 to 9, an analysis about the forcefulness of boys and the obedience of girls in their studies is made. In response to the introductory paragraph, the author offered a “solution” to the problem of gender difference in the last paragraph.,Main Idea,Structure,New Word

36、s,articlefindingaverage score mathematicalmechanical solvefemalescientist physicalnervebrain advantageforcefulindependent,produceforceassume chemistryfactordifference encourageindependenceperform taskrequireobey limit fearsolution,New Words,on (the/an) average on the other (hand) by the time (all) o

37、n ones own be limited to,Expressions,finding n. C (often plural) something learnt as the result of an official inquiry （調(diào)查、研究的）結(jié)果 e.g. One of their studys findings shows that girls and boys communicate in different ways. 他們的研究結(jié)果之一表明女孩與男孩的交際方式不一樣。,mechanical adj. 1. connected with machines and engine

38、s e.g. The breakdown was due to a mechanical failure. 拋錨是機(jī)械故障造成的。 2. (disapproving) (of peoples behavior and actions) done without thinking, like a machine e.g. My work has become mechanicalI could do it in my sleep. 我的工作開始變得機(jī)械呆板我睡著了都能做。,mathematical adj. of or relating to mathematics 數(shù)學(xué)的 e.g. mathe

39、matical calculations 數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算 a mathematical formula 數(shù)學(xué)公式 e.g. Hes some kind of mathematical genius. 他有些數(shù)學(xué)天賦。,physical adj. connected with a persons body rather than their mind 身體的，肉體的 e.g. The ordeal has affected both her mental and physical health. 痛苦的經(jīng)歷損害了她的身心健康。 physical examination 體檢,nerve n. 1. C

40、 any of the threadlike parts of the body that form a system to carry feelings and messages to and from the brain 神經(jīng) e.g. Caffeine is a substance that stimulates the nerves of the body. 咖啡因是種能刺激身體神經(jīng)的物質(zhì)。 2. U courage, determination and self-control 勇氣；意志力 e.g. He had the nerve to point out the mistake

41、 that his teacher had made in explaining the text. 他有勇氣指出老師在解釋課文時(shí)犯的一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。,advantage,n. C; U something that may help one to be successful or to gain a favorable result 有利條件；優(yōu)勢；優(yōu)點(diǎn) e.g. This plan has the advantages of simplicity and ease of control. 這個(gè)計(jì)劃具有簡單和容易控制的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。 e.g. This method has the advantage o

42、f saving a lot of fuel. 這個(gè)方法的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是能大幅節(jié)約燃料。,forceful adj. (of a person, words, ideas, etc.) strong, powerful 堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的；有說服力的 e.g. He has proved himself to be a forceful leader in dealing with the disaster. 在對這場災(zāi)難的處理中，他證明了自己是一位有魄力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。,independent adj. not depending on the help, advice, or opinions of others;

43、 self-governing 不受他人影響的；有獨(dú)立見解的；自主的 e.g. India became independent (of Britain) in 1947. 印度于1947 年（脫離英國）獲得獨(dú)立。 n. independence,assume vt. 1. believe something to be true without actually having proof that it is; suppose 假定；假設(shè) e.g. Most people assume that actions speak louder than words. 大部分人認(rèn)為行動(dòng)勝于空談（行動(dòng)

44、比言語更重要）。 2. take or claim for oneself; begin to have or use 承擔(dān)；擔(dān)任 e.g. You will assume your new duties tomorrow. 明天你就要承擔(dān)新任務(wù)。,factor,n. C any of the forces, influences, etc. that act with others to bring about a result 因素；要素 e.g. Money was the main factor in my decision not to buy a new car. 我決定不買新車主

45、要是因?yàn)殄X不夠。 e.g. The rise in the crime rate is mainly due to social and economic factors. 犯罪率升高主要是由社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)因素引起的。,encourage,vt. 1) make somebody feel brave enough or confident enough to do something 鼓勵(lì)；激勵(lì) e.g. A good teacher will always encourage his/her students to be ambitious. 好老師總是鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生們要有抱負(fù)。 e.g. The

46、children are encouraged to ask whatever questions they can think of. 我們鼓勵(lì)孩子們想到任何問題都要勇于提出。 2) give active approval to; support; foster 促進(jìn)；激發(fā) e.g. Dont encourage his selfishness. 不要助長他的自私自利。 e.g. Its important to bring children outside to encourage their love of nature. 把孩子們帶到戶外，激發(fā)他們對大自然的熱愛，這點(diǎn)很重要。,per

47、form vt. 1) do; carry out (a piece of work, duty, ceremony, etc.), especially according to a usual or established method 履行；實(shí)行；完成 e.g. The teacher praised him as he performed his school task so well. 由于在學(xué)校表現(xiàn)很好，老師表揚(yáng)了他。 2) give, act, or show (a play, a part in a play, a piece of music, tricks, etc.),

48、especially in the presence of the public 表演；演戲；演奏 e.g. What play will be performed tonight? 今晚上演哪個(gè)劇目？,obey v. do what someone in a position of authority tells you to do, or to do what a law or rule says you must do 服從（權(quán)威）; 遵守（指令、法律等） e.g. Soldiers must obey orders. 軍人必須服從命令。 We should obey the law.

49、我們應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守法律 。,fear,n. C; U an unpleasant and usually strong feeling caused by the presence or expectation of danger 恐懼；害怕 e.g. The boys and girls helped put out the fire without fear. 男孩女孩們毫不畏懼地幫著滅火。 e.g. The little girl was trembling with fear when she saw a snake in front of her. 看見面前有一條蛇，小女孩嚇得直發(fā)抖。 v

50、t. feel afraid or worried that something bad may happen 害怕；懼怕 e.g. Most people fear death. 大多數(shù)人都害怕死亡。 e.g. At that time, women feared going out at night. 那時(shí)候，婦女們都害怕晚上出門。,solution n. C an answer to a difficulty or problem 解決；解答；解決方法 e.g. Its difficult to find a solution to this problem. 要找到這個(gè)問題的解決辦法很

51、難。 e.g. 某個(gè)問題的解決方法 the solution to a problem,Japanese on average live much longer than the Europeans.,People are changing careers on average every ten years now instead of staying in a job for life.,1. 日本人的平均年齡比歐洲人要高得多。,e.g. On average, males score higher on such tests. 一般而言，男性在這樣的考試中得分較高。,2. 人們平均每十年

52、換一個(gè)職業(yè), 而不是一輩子干一種工作。,on average 一般而言，平均,一方面，她不得不照顧生病的兒子；另一方面，她努力成為優(yōu)秀的老師。 On the one hand, she had to look after her sick son; on the other, she tried her best to be a good teacher.,e.g. Females, on the other hand, do better on tests measuring vocabulary, spelling, and memory. 而在詞匯、拼寫和記憶方面的測試中女性則表現(xiàn)較好。

53、,on (the) one hand, , and on the other (hand) 一方面，另一方面,1. 當(dāng)她來到時(shí)，已經(jīng)下課了。 By the time she came, the class was over. 2. 當(dāng)他到達(dá)那里時(shí)，她已經(jīng)走了。 By the time he got there, she had already left.,e.g. By the time they start school, little girls have an advantage that boys do not have. 到開始上學(xué)的時(shí)候，小女孩就具備了小男孩所沒有的優(yōu)勢。,by t

54、he time 到的時(shí)候；在之前,1. 她總是獨(dú)立完成作業(yè)。 She always finishes her homework on her own. 2. 我無法一個(gè)人把車修好。 I was unable to repair the car all on my own.,e.g. While daughters in their study were often kept close to their parents, sons were encouraged to move on their own and to develop independence. 當(dāng)女兒學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)，父母常常伴隨其左右

55、，而對兒子則鼓勵(lì)其自由活動(dòng)，培養(yǎng)其自主能力。,(all) on ones own 單獨(dú)地；獨(dú)自地,1. 每位的演講時(shí)間都應(yīng)該限定在十分鐘內(nèi)。 Every speech should be limited to 10 minutes. 2. 她的旅行僅限于法國的幾處名勝。 Her travel has been limited to a few French resorts.,e.g. Girls, therefore, are often limited to getting high marks at school for remembering what the teacher has t

56、old them. 所以，女孩常常是因?yàn)橛涀×死蠋焸魇诘臇|西而取得高分。,be limited to + n./doing 限于,A team of 1) _ discovered that there are strong 2) _ between how boys and girls are 3) _ : While daughters in their study were often kept 4) _ to their parents, sons were 5) _ to move on their own and to develop 6) _.,Fill in the blank

57、s without referring to the original text. Then check your answers against the original. After that, read the passage aloud until you can say it from memory.,researchers,differences,raised,close,encouraged,independence,Reading Out,Read the questions and complete the answers according to the text.,1 W

58、ho are good at vocabulary, spelling and memoryboys or girls? _ are good at it. 2 Whats the physical reason that baby girls talk earlier than boys? _ develop faster in girls than in boys. 3 Whats a forceful person like? A forceful person is unafraid of _.,Girls,The nerves in the left side of the brain,questioning others and is an independent thinker,4 How are daughters and sons raised