1、.Attributive Clause定語從句一、定義定語從句：修飾名詞或代詞的從句。換句話說，名詞、代詞后的從句叫定語從句。先行詞：被定語從句修飾的名詞、代詞、甚至詞組或句子叫先行詞。關系詞：引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞。1 關系代詞：在定語從句中擔任主、賓、表、定語成分2 關系副詞：在定語從句中擔任狀語成分關系詞3 個功能：1.連接功能（連接先行詞與定語從句）；2.擔任功能（在定語從句中擔任主、賓、表、定、狀語）；3.替代功能（在定語從句中代替先行詞）。關系代詞在定語從句中充當主語的是：who, that, which, as賓語的是：who, whom, that, which, as定語的

2、是：whose, which先行詞是人時，關系代詞是：who, whom, that, as先行詞是物時，關系代詞是：which, that, whose, as關系副詞有：when ( 先行詞為時間), where (先行詞為地點), why (先行詞為原因)關系副詞=介詞 + which / whom定語從句分為兩種：限制性與非限制性。先行詞與關系詞之間無逗號隔開為限制性；有逗號隔開則為非限制性，且一般由which 引導。唯一可以置于先行詞之前的定語從句由關系代詞as 引導。二、關系代詞引導的定語從句1.who 指人，在從句中做主語(1) The boys who are playing

3、football are from Class One.(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom 指人，在定語從句中充當賓語，常可省略。(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.注意：關系代詞whom 在口語和非正式語體中常用who 代替，可省略。(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend

4、.3. which 指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.4. that 指人時，相當于 who 或者 whom ；指物時，相當于 which 。在賓語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略。(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.(6) Where is

5、 the man that/whom I saw this morning?5. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語，有從屬關系。(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose 指物時，常用以下結構來代替(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.(4) The classroom the door of which is broken wi

6、ll soon be repaired.(5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?三、介詞 +關系代詞引導的定語從句關系代詞在定語從句中做介詞賓語時，從句常由介詞+關系代詞引導(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.(3) Tomorrow I

7、will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.(5) Well go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.(6) Well go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.注意： 1. 含有介詞的動詞短語一般不拆開使用，如：look fo

8、r, look after, take care of等(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)2. 若介詞放在關系代詞前， 關系代詞指人時用 whom ，不可用 who 或者 that；指物時用 which ，不能用 that；關系代詞是所有格時用 whose(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)(2) The man who/that you talked with

9、 is my friend. (F)(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)3.“介詞 +關系代詞” 前可有 some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few 等代詞或者數(shù)詞(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(2) In

10、 the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.四、關系副詞引導的定語從句1. when 指時間，在定語從句中做時間狀語(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2) The time when we got together finally came.2. w

11、here 指地點，在定語從句中做地點狀語(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 3. why 指原因，在定語從句中做原因狀語.(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2) I don tknow the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：關系副 引 的從句可以由“介 +關系代 ”引 的從句替 (1) The rea

12、son why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which/where I was born. 點分析（一） 只能用 that不用 which1當先行 是 anything, everything, nothing (some

13、thing 除外 ), few, all, none, little, some 等代 ，或者是由 every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much 等修 (1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.(3) All that can be done has been done.(4) There is little that I can do

14、for you.注意：當先行 指人 ，偶 也可以用who(4) Any man that/who has a sense of duty won tdo such a thing.2. 當先行 被序數(shù) 修 (1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3. 當先行 被形容 最高 修 (1) This is the best film that I have seen.4. 當形容 被the very, the only, the last 修 (1) This is the very dictionary tha

15、t I want to buy,(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.當先行 指人 ，偶 也可以用who(3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting.5. 當先行 前面有 who, which 等疑 代 (1) Who is the man that is standing there?(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?6. 當

16、先行 既有人，也有 物或者物體 (1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?只能用 which, who, whom不用 that1. 關系代 直接放在介 后面 ，要用which ，不用 that； 要用 whom ，不用 who 。2. 引 非限制性定 從句 ，要用which, who, whom, 不 用 that，也不能省略。（二）關系代 as 和 which引 的定 從句as 和 which 引 非限制性定 從句，有相同之 也有不同之 。具體情況是：1 as 和 which 都可以在定 從

17、句中做主 或者 ，代表前面整個句子。(1) He married her, as/which was natural.(2) He was honest, as/which we can see.2. as 引 非限制性定 從句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一個主句；which 引 的非限制性定 從句只能放在主句之后。另外，as 有“正如，正像”的.意思(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country.(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.(3) J

18、ohn, as you know, is a famous writer.(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don tbelieve.注意：當主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關系時，常用which(5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.3. 當先行次由 such, the same修飾時，常用 as(1) I have never heard such a story as he tells.(2) He is not such

19、a fool as he looks.(3) This is the same book as I lost last week.注意：當先行次由the same 修飾時，偶爾也用that 引導定語從句，但是和由as 所引導的定語從句意思不同(4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding.她穿著她在 Mary 婚禮上穿過的一條裙子。(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore.她穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。（三）以the way 為先行詞的定語從句通常由in wh

20、ich, that 引導，而且通?？梢允÷?。(1) The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.（四）but 有時也可以做關系詞引導定語從句(1) There are very few but understand his idea. (but= who don t)（五）區(qū)分定語從句和同位語從句1定語從句修飾先行詞，它和先行詞是修飾關系；同位語從句說明先行詞的具體內容，是補充說明的關系(1) The plane that has just taken off is for London. 定語從句(2) The fact