1、在英語句子里，謂語受主語支配，其動詞必須和主語在人稱和數上保持一致，這就叫主謂一致。尋其規(guī)律，大致可歸納為三個原則，即語法一致、邏輯意義一致和就近一致原則。 一、語法一致原則 語法上一致就是謂語動詞和主語在單、復數形式上保持一致。,主謂一致,1. 以單數名詞或代詞、動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語或從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數形式；主語為復數時，謂語動詞用復數形式。如：His father is working on the farm. To study English well is not easy. What he said is very important for us all. Th

2、e children were in the classroom two hours ago. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. 注意：由what引導的主語從句，后面的謂語動詞多數情況用單數形式，但若表語是復數或what從句是一個帶有復數意義的并列結構時，主句的謂語動詞用復數形式。如：What I bought were three English books. What I say and do is （are） helpful to you.,2. 由連接詞and或both and連接起來的合成主語后面，要用復數形式的謂語動詞。如：Lucy

3、and Lily are twins. She and I are classmates. The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. Both she and he are Young Pioneers. 注意：（1）若and所連接的兩個詞是指同一個人或物或同一概念時，它后面的謂語動詞就應用單數形式。如：The writer and artist has come. Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit. （2）由and連接的并列單數主語前

4、如果分別有no， each， every （3）more than a （an）/one ， many a （an）修飾時，其謂語動詞要用單數形式。如：Every student and every teacher was in the room. No boy and no girl likes it.,3. 主語為單數名詞或代詞，盡管后面跟有with， together with， except， but， like， as well as， rather than， more than， no less than， besides， including等引起的短語，謂語動詞仍用單數形式；

5、若主語為復數，謂語用復數形式。如：Mr. Green， together with his wife and children， has come to China. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.She， like you and Tom， is very tall.,4. either， neither， each， every 或no +單數名詞和由some， any， no， every構成的復合不定代詞，都作單數看待。如：Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us i

6、s matter. 注意：（1）在口語中當either或neither后跟有“of+復數名詞（或代詞）”作主語時，其謂語動詞也可用復數。如：Neither of the texts is （are） interesting. （2）若none of后面的名詞是不可數名詞，它的謂語動詞就要用單數；若它后面的名詞是復數，它的謂語動詞用單數或復數都可以。如：None of us has （have） been to America.,5. 在定語從句時，關系代詞that， who， which等作主語時，其謂語動詞的數應與句中先行詞的數一致。如：He is one of my friends who

7、 are working hard. He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. 6. 如果集體名詞指的是整個集體，它的謂語動詞用單數；如果它指集體的成員，其謂語動詞就用復數形式。這些詞有family, class, crowd,committee, population,audience等。如：Class Four is on the third floor. Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor. 注意：people， police， cattle等名詞一般都用作復數。如：

8、The police are looking for the lost child.,7. 由“a lot of， lots of， plenty of， the rest of， the majority of + 名詞”構成的短語以及由“分數或百分數+名詞”構成的短語作主語，其謂語動詞的數要根據短語中后面名詞的數而定。如：There are a lot of people in the classroom. The rest of the lecture is wonderful. 50% of the students in our class are girls. 注意：a numbe

9、r of“許多”，作定語修飾復數名詞，謂語用復數；the number of“的數量”，主語是number，謂語用單數。,8. 在倒裝句中，謂語動詞的數應與其后的主語一致。如：There comes the bus. On the wall are many pictures. Such is the result. Such are the facts.,二、邏輯意義一致原則 邏輯意義一致就是謂語動詞的數必須和主語的意義一致（因有時主語形式為單數，但意義為復數；有時形式為復數，但意義為單數）。1. what， who， which， any， more， all等代詞可以是單數，也可是復數，

10、主要靠意思來決定。如：Which is your bag？ Which are your bags？ All is going well. All have gone to Beijing. 2. 表示“時間、重量、長度、價值”等的名詞的復數作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數形式，這是由于作主語的名詞在概念上是一個整體。如：Thirty minutes is enough for the work.,3. 若英語是書名、片名、格言、劇名、報名、國名等的復數形式，其謂語動詞通常用單數形式。如：“The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book. 4. 表

11、數量的短語“one and a half”后接復數名詞作主語時，其謂語動詞可用單數形式。如：One and a half apples is left on the table. 5. 算式中表示數目（字）的主語通常作單數看待，其謂語動詞采用單數形式。如：Twelve plus eight is twenty. Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.,6. 一些學科名詞是以 ics 結尾，如：mathematics， politics， physics 以及news， works等，都屬于形式上是復數的名詞，實際意義為單數名詞，它們作主語時，其謂語動詞要用單數

12、形式。如：The paper works was built in 1990. I think physics isnt easy to study. 7. trousers， glasses， clothes， shoes，jeans 等詞作主語時，謂語用復數，但如果這些名詞前有a （the） pair of等量詞修飾時，謂語動詞用單數。如：My glasses are broken. The pair of shoes under the bed is his. 8. “定冠詞the + 形容詞或分詞”，表示某一類人時，動詞用數。 9.aircraft，deer ， fish ，means

13、 ，species ，series ，works ，sheep 作主語時根據意義決定如：The sheep is big. The sheep are eating grass.,11.a (large) quantity of 修飾可數或不可數名詞, 其短語作主語時,謂語動詞用單數。 如：A large quantity of people is needed here.,注意：quantities一般用復數。 如:Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table. 短語in quantity, in large quantities 意為 “大量”;

14、in small quantities 意為“少量”。,10.population作主語時，謂語用單數，當涉及人口組成時，用復數。,12. a great deal of, a large amount of 修飾不可數名詞, 其短語作主語時, 謂語動詞通常用單數; large amounts of 修飾不可數名詞, 其短語作主語時, 謂語動詞通常用復數。 如:,A large amount of (A great deal of) damage was done in a very short time. Large amounts of money were spent on the br

15、idge.,三、就近一致原則 在英語句子中，有時謂語動詞的人稱和數與最近的主語保持一致。 1. 當兩個主語由either or， neither nor， whether or ， not only but also連接時，謂語動詞和鄰近的主語一致。如：Either the teacher or the students are our friends. Neither they nor he is wholly right. Is neither he nor they wholly right？,2. there be句型的be動詞單復數取決于其后的主語。如果其后是由and連接的兩個主語，

16、則應與靠近的那個主語保持一致。如：There are two chairs and a desk in the room. 注意：Here引導的句子用法同上。如：Here is a map and a handbook for you.,1. Listening to loud music at rock concerts _caused hearing loss in some teenagers. （2010 湖南卷） A. is B. are C. has D. have 答案：C 解析：根據動名詞短語作主語，句子的謂語動詞用單數形式，由此排除B、D兩項，根據主語與caused的主動關系

17、，排除A項。,高考解析,2. Such poets as Shakespeare_widely read, of whose works，however, some_ difficult to understand. （2010 四川卷） A. are；are B. is；is C. are；is D. is：are 答案：A 解析：主句中的主語應為poets,謂語動詞用復數，其后的非限制性定語從句的主語應為some of whose works，謂語動詞也應是復數。故選A。,3. Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the

18、 women who _ evening dress. （2010 全國卷） A.wear B.wears C.has worn D.have worn 答案：B 解析：首先the only one of 為先行詞時，定語從句修飾的是one，即one是主語，而非后面的復數women，根據主謂一致的原則，謂語動詞應該用復數，排除A，D。另外，從is可以看出句子是要表示一種習慣，因此要用一般現在時，排除C，故選A。,Nobody but Betty and Mary _ late for class yesterday A. was B. were C. has been D. have been

19、 2. A woman with some children _ soon A. is coming B. are coming C. has come D. have come 3. Everything, including the clothes, _ stolen that evening. A. is B. was C. are D. were,A,A,B,Choose the best answers.,4. No one except my parents _ anything about this. A. know B. knows C. is known D. are kno

20、wn 5. The teacher as well as the students _ the book already A. has read B. have read C. are reading D. is reading 6. All but one _ in the accident A. was killed B. were killed C. will be killed D. are killed,A,B,B,7. One or two days _ enough to see the city A. are B. is C. am D. be 8. Neither my wi

21、fe nor I myself _ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind A. is B. are C. am D. be 9. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another A. is B. are C. am D. be 10. Not the teacher, but the students _ looking forward to seeing the film A. is B. are C. am D. be

22、,B,C,B,B,11. The elderly who lost their children in the war _ good care of in the village now. A. has been taken B. were taken C. have been taken D. will be taken,12. A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered 13. When an

23、d where to build the new factory _ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided,C,A,A,14. The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were 15. E-mail, as well as telephones, _ an important part in daily communication. A . is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play 16. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth; is B