1、Linux驅動開發(fā)實驗報告目錄Linux驅動開發(fā)實驗報告1實驗一、Linux內核移植實驗21.1 資源21.2 解壓源碼包31.3 修改Makefile文件，支持交叉編譯31.1 得到.config文件31.5 修改Nand Flash分區(qū)31.6 添加LCD支持51.7 添加網卡驅動61.8 添加YAFFS文件系統(tǒng)支持71.9 內核配置（即內核裁剪）71.10 編譯內核91.11 燒寫內核9實驗二、ARM Norflash驅動實驗102.1、環(huán)境102.2、目的102.3、實驗步驟10實驗三、嵌入式linux驅動實驗153.1、實驗目的153.2、實驗原理153.3、參考程序163.4、實驗

2、步驟243.5、實驗結果293.6、實驗體會29實驗四、LCD驅動實驗294.1、實驗目的294.2、實驗設備（環(huán)境）及要求294.3、試驗結果314.4、實驗總結31實驗五、DM9000網卡驅動325.1、實驗目的325.2、實驗設備（環(huán)境）及要求325.3、實驗內容與步驟325.4、試驗結果345.5、實驗總結34實驗一、Linux內核移植實驗1.1 資源1. linux-.tar.bz2（Linux內核源碼的壓縮包，下載地址）2. yaffs2.tar.gz（yaffs文件系統(tǒng)源碼的壓縮包）3. dm9000.h和dm9000.c（dm9000

3、網卡驅動程序）1.2 解壓源碼包1. 在XP中，把“01/下午/src”文件夾拷貝到“/2”的共享文件夾uptech內，并把uptech中的“src”更名為“01 linux”2. 在Linux虛擬機中進入該文件夾“cd /home/uptech/01 linux”ls可見1個文件：“l(fā)inux-.tar.bz2”、“yaffs2.tar.gz”、“dm9000.h”、“dm9000.c”u bz2壓縮包用“tar jxvf”解壓u gz壓縮包用“tar zxvf”解壓3. 解壓Linux源碼壓縮包，即輸入命令“tar jxvf linux-2.6.21.

4、1.tar.bz2”4. 解壓YAFFS源碼壓縮包，即輸入命令“tar zxvf yaffs2.tar.gz”1.3 修改Makefile文件，支持交叉編譯1. cd /home/uptech/01 linux/linux-，該目錄下就是linux的內核源碼2. 修改Makefile文件，使之支持交叉編譯，也就是在Linux上編譯出ARM開發(fā)板上運行的內核程序。ARCH?=arm(目標平臺是arm)CROSS_COMPILE?=arm-linux-(交叉編譯器的前綴是arm-linux-)1.1 得到.config文件1. 得到.config文件將“/home/uptech/0

5、1 linux/linux-/arch/arm/configs/s3c2110_defconfig”文件拷貝成“/home/uptech/01 linux/linux-/.config”cparch/arm/configs/s3c2110_defconfig.config2. 對內核進行裁剪（此時暫時不做裁剪，僅是看看）make menuconfig1.5 修改Nand Flash分區(qū)修改“/home/uptech/01 linux/linux-/arch/arm/plat-s3c21xx/common-smdk.c”文件中的“struct mt

6、d-partition smdk_default_nand_part”這個結構體：第一個分區(qū)從0x0000 0000 到 0x0008 0000，大小為0.5M第二個分區(qū)從0x0008 0000 到 0x0028 0000，大小為2M第三個分區(qū)從0x0028 0000 到 0x0068 0000，大小為1M第四個分區(qū)從0x0068 0000 到 0x0100 0000，大小為57.5M具體做法：(1) vi arch/arm/plat-s3c21xx/common-smdk.c(2)修改分區(qū)信息結構體static struct mtd_partition smdk_default_nand_p

7、art = 0 = .name = Bootloader,.size = 0x80000,.offset = 0,1 = .name = Linux Kernel,.offset = 0x80000,.size = SZ_2M,2 = .name = Root File System,.offset = 0x,.size = SZ_1M,3 = .name = User Space,.offset = 0x,.size = 0x,;1.6 添加LCD支持修改“/home/uptech/01 linux/linux-/arch/arm/mach-s3c2110/mach-smdk

8、2110.c”。具體做法：（1）vi arch/arm/mach-s3c2110/mach-smdk2110.c（2）在mach-smdk2110.c文件內添加兩個頭文件#include #include （3）在mach-smdk2110.c文件內添加兩個結構體static struct s3c2110fb_display up2110_fb _initdata =.lcdcon5 = (112)|(111)|(19)|(18)|(10),.type = (35),.width = 610,.height = 180,.pixclock = 39721,.xres = 610,.yres =

9、 180,.bpp = 16,.left_margin = 10,.right_margin = 32,.hsync_len = 32,.vsync_len = 2,.upper_margin = 35,.lower_margin = 5,;static struct s3c2110fb_mach_info up2110_fb_info _initdata =.displays = up2110_fb,.num_displays = 1,.default_display = 0,.gpcup = 0xffffffff,.gpcup_mask = 0x0,.gpccon = 0xaaaaaaaa

10、,.gpccon_mask = 0x0,.gpdup = 0xffffffff,.gpdup_mask = 0x0,.gpdcon = 0xaaaaaaaa,.gpdcon_mask = 0x0,.lpcsel = 0,;（1）在mach-smdk2110.c文件內，在“smdk2110_init”函數的末尾一行添加：s3c21xx_fb_set_platdata(&up2110_fb_info);1.7 添加網卡驅動1、修改“/home/uptech/01 linux/linux-/arch/arm/mach-s3c2110/mach-smdk2110.c”。具體做法：（1）

11、vi arch/arm/mach-s3c2110/mach-smdk2110.c（2）在mach-smdk2110.c文件添加兩個結構體，用于定義端口地址和中斷號等設備信息static struct resource s3c_dm9ks_resource = 0 = .start = 0x,.end = 0x,.flags = IORESOURCE_MEM,1 = .start = IRQ_EINT2,.end = IRQ_EINT2,.flags = IORESOURCE_IRQ,;struct platform_device s3c_device_dm9ks = .name = s3c21

12、10-dm9ks,.id = -1,.num_resources = ARRAY_SIZE(s3c_dm9ks_resource),.resource = s3c_dm9ks_resource,;（3）在“struct platform_device *smdk2110_devices _initdata”末尾加入網卡數據：&s3c_device_dm9ks,2、將新的“dm9000.c”和“dm9000.h”拷貝到“/home/uptech/01 linux/linux-/drivers/net”文件夾內，替換舊的文件。cp/home/uptech/01 linux/dm90

13、00.*drivers/net/在dm9000.c文件中增加了uptech_dm9k_init函數，并在dm9k_init_module(void)函數中調用了uptech_dm9k_init。1.8 添加YAFFS文件系統(tǒng)支持1、進入yaffs解壓后的文件夾cd /home/uptech/01 linux/yaffs22、給Linux打補丁./patch-ker.sh c ./linux-/3、進入linux內核文件夾cd /home/uptech/01 linux/linux-1.9 內核配置（即內核裁剪）1、運行“make menuconfig”，進入內核

14、配置界面2、選擇硬件系統(tǒng)System Type S3C2110 Machines * SMDK2110/A9M2110其他不要選，以免內核太大3、配置Nand Flash驅動Device Drivers Memory Technology Device (MTD) support NAND Device Support NAND Flash support for S3C2110/S3C2110 SoC1、配置LCD驅動Device Drivers Graphics support Support for frame buffer devices S3C2110 LCD framebuffer

15、 supportDevice Drivers Graphics support * Bootup logo * Standard black and white Linux logo* Standard 16-color Linux logo* Standard 221-color Linux logo5、配置網卡驅動Device Drivers* Network device support* Ethernet (10 or 100Mbit)-*- Generic Media Independent Interface device support ASIX AX88796 NE2000 c

16、lone support ASIX AX88796 external 93CX6 eeprom support SMC 91C9x/91C1xxx supportDM9000 support Broadcom 110x/17xx ethernet support6、配置文件系統(tǒng)支持CRAMFS文件系統(tǒng)、YAFFS文件系統(tǒng)、NFS文件系統(tǒng)File systemsMiscellaneous filesystems YAFFS2 file system support-*- 512 byte / page devices Use older-style on-NAND data format wit

17、h pageStatus byte Lets Yaffs do its own ECC-*- 2018 byte (or larger) / page devices* Autoselect yaffs2 format Disable lazy loading Turn off wide tnodes Force chunk erase check* Cache short names in RAM Journalling Flash File System v2 (JFFS2) support Compressed ROM file system support (cramfs)File s

18、ystems * Network File Systems NFS file system support* Provide NFSv3 client support* Provide client support for the NFSv3 ACL protocol extension Provide NFSv1 client support (EXPERIMENTAL)* Allow direct I/O on NFS files NFS server support* Root file system on NFS1.10 編譯內核1. 在“/home/uptech/01 linux/l

19、inux-”文件夾內運行：make cleanmake之后會在“/home/uptech/01 linux/linux-/arch/arm/boot/”內生成內核鏡像文件zImage2. 通過zImage生成uImage（1）新建文件夾“/home/uptech/image”mkdir /home/uptech/imagecd/home/uptech/image（2）把“/home/uptech/03 u-boot/u-boot-1.3.2/tools/mkimage”拷貝到“/home/uptech/image/”cp/home/uptech/03 u-boo

20、t/u-boot-1.3.2/tools/mkimage.（3）把“/home/uptech/01 linux/linux-/arch/arm/boot/zImage”拷貝到“/home/uptech/image/”cp/home/uptech/01 linux/linux-/arch/arm/boot/zImage.（1）生成uImage./mkimage A arm T kernel C none O linux a 0x e 0x d zImage n Linux-2.6.21 uImage1.11 燒寫內核1. 確認serverip是Linux虛擬機的I

21、P地址（1）執(zhí)行“printenv”，查看serverip是否與Linux虛擬機的IP地址一致（2）若不一致，執(zhí)行“setenv serverip 2”來指定tftp服務器的IP地址（3）執(zhí)行“saveenv”保存設置。2. 將生成的uImage文件拷貝到tftpboot目錄下：cp uImage /tftpboot3. 在ARM開發(fā)板上運行命令：tftp 0x uImage（把uImage文件下載到ARM開發(fā)板的SDRAM中0x開始的空間中）nand erase 0x80000 0x（擦除Nand Flash中起始地址為0x80000，大小為0x的空間）nand wri

22、te 0x 0x80000 0x（把SDRAM中0x開始的內容寫入Nand Flash0x80000開始的空間內，大小為0x）4. 重啟ARM開發(fā)板，執(zhí)行命令“bootm”，此時液晶屏左上角出現小企鵝圖案。實驗二、ARM Norflash驅動實驗2.1、環(huán)境目標板：mini2440（S3C2440）交叉編譯器：arm-linux-gcc-4.3.2操作系統(tǒng)：Linux（Ubuntu-11.10）2.2、目的移植mini2440板子上為2M的Nor Flash(型號為SST39VF1601)驅動2.3、實驗步驟（一）.添加配置項1、修改 drivers/mtd/maps/Kconfig文件,在c

23、onfig_EDB7312配置項下添加如下內容:config MTD_MINI2440tristate CFI Flash device mapped onMINI2440depends on ARM & MTD_CFIhelpThis enables access to the CFI Flash on the CogentMINI2440 board.If you have such a board, say Y here.2、修改 drivers/mtd/maps/Makefile文件,在obj-$(CONFIG_MTD_EDB7312)+= edb7312.o下添加如下內容:obj-$

24、(CONFIG_MTD_MINI2440)+= mini2440.o3、復制驅動文件mini2440.c到drivers/mtd/maps目錄下(二) .配置編譯內核# make menuconfig以下內容必選:Memory Technology Devices(MTD)-Memory Technology Device (MTD) support*MTD partitioning supportDirect char device access to MTD devicesCaching block device access to MTD devicesRAM/ROM/Flash chi

25、p drivers-Detect flash chips by Common Flash Interface (CFI) probeSupport for Inter/Sharp flash chipsSupportfor AMD/Fujitsu/Spansion flash chipsCFI flash device mapped on mini2440下列內容(在flash上架fat16/fat32/ntfs/ext2等文件系統(tǒng)時才需要選上)不要選，否則會出現加載驅動模塊時會出現ftl_cs:FTL header not found.DeviceDrivers -Memory Techno

26、logy Devices (MTD) -FTL (Flash Translation Layer) support NFTL(NAND Flash Translation Layer) supportINFTL(Inverse NAND Flash Translation Layer) support(三).根據edb7312單板的norflash驅動(linux/mtd/maps/edb7312.c)來寫mini2440的norflash驅動代碼在mini2440.c中(帶詳細注釋)/*支持單板:mini2440*支持內核:3.1.2版本*模仿驅動:/linux/drivers/mtd/ma

27、ps/edb7312.c*/#include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #define WINDOW_ADDR 0x /* NOR FLASH物理地址 */#define WINDOW_SIZE 0x /* NOR FLASH大小 */#define BUSWIDTH 2 /*估計是2Byte*/* 探測的接口類型，可以是cfi_probe, jedec_probe, map_rom, NULL ; */#define PROBETYPES cfi_probe, NULL #define MSG

28、_PREFIX MINI2440-NOR: /*printk的前綴 */#define MTDID mini2440-nor /*MTD驅動*/static struct mtd_info *mymtd;/*定義一個map_info，代表一塊norflash*/struct map_info mini2440nor_map =.name = NOR flash on MINI2440,.size = WINDOW_SIZE,.bankwidth = BUSWIDTH,.phys = WINDOW_ADDR,;/* 默認分區(qū)信息*/static struct mtd_partition stat

29、ic_partitions3 =.name = bootloader,.size = 0x40000,/256K.offset = 0,.name = Kernel,.size = 0x,/1M.offset = 0x40000,.name = RootFS,.size = 0xC0000,/768K.offset = 0x,;static const char *probes = NULL;static int mtd_parts_nb = 0;static struct mtd_partition *mtd_parts = 0;/*Norflash模型初始化函數*物理地址映射為虛擬地址:

30、mini2440nor_map.virt = ioremap(WINDOW_ADDR, WINDOW_SIZE);*探測norflash芯片,得到map_info:do_map_probe(); /應該是mtd_info,而不是map_info，轉載者注釋*探測分區(qū)信息,得到mtd_partition：parse_mtd_partitions();*利用map_info和mtd_partition注冊設備:mtd_device_register();/應該是mtd_info,而不是map_info，轉載者注釋*/int _init init_mini2440nor(void)static co

31、nst char *rom_probe_types = PROBETYPES;const char *type;const char *part_type = 0;printk(KERN_NOTICE MSG_PREFIX 0x%08x at 0x%08xn, WINDOW_SIZE, WINDOW_ADDR);/*物理地址映射為虛擬地址*/mini2440nor_map.virt = ioremap(WINDOW_ADDR, WINDOW_SIZE);if (!mini2440nor_map.virt)printk(MSG_PREFIX failed to ioremapn);return

32、-EIO;simple_map_init(&mini2440nor_map);mymtd = 0;type = rom_probe_types;for (; !mymtd & *type; type+)/*根據map_info探測norflash芯片，若成功則返回mtd_info*/mymtd = do_map_probe(*type, &mini2440nor_map);if (mymtd)mymtd-owner = THIS_MODULE;/*探測分區(qū)信息，若探測成功，則mtd_parts中保存了分區(qū)信息；若探測失敗，使用數組定義的默認分區(qū)信息*/mtd_parts_nb = parse_

33、mtd_partitions(mymtd, probes, &mtd_parts, MTDID);if (mtd_parts_nb 0)part_type = detected;if (mtd_parts_nb = 0)mtd_parts = static_partitions;mtd_parts_nb = ARRAY_SIZE(static_partitions);part_type = static;if (mtd_parts_nb = 0)printk(KERN_NOTICE MSG_PREFIX no partition info availablen);elseprintk(KERN

34、_NOTICE MSG_PREFIX using %s partition definitionn,part_type);/*注冊設備*/mtd_device_register(mymtd, NULL, 0);mtd_device_register(mymtd, mtd_parts, mtd_parts_nb);return 0;iounmap(void *)mini2440nor_map.virt);return -ENXIO;/*Norflash模塊卸載函數*注銷設備:mtd_device_unregister();*銷毀map_info:map_destroy();*取消映射:iounm

35、ap();*/static void _exit cleanup_mini2440nor(void)if (mymtd)/*注銷設備*/mtd_device_unregister(mymtd);/*銷毀map_info*/map_destroy(mymtd);if (mini2440nor_map.virt)iounmap(void*)mini2440nor_map.virt);mini2440nor_map.virt = 0;module_init(init_mini2440nor);module_exit(cleanup_mini2440nor);MODULE_LICENSE(GPL);M

36、ODULE_AUTHOR(WeiDong Wu );MODULE_DESCRIPTION(Generic configurable MTD map driver);實驗三、嵌入式linux驅動實驗3.1、實驗目的1） 安裝linux-2.6.382） 讓Makefile中的路徑與linux-2.6.38保持一致。3） 修改驅動.c文件，使得用pc0來控制紅燈。4） 通過交叉編譯器進行交叉編譯生成可執(zhí)行文件5） 通過tftp傳送文件。6） 實現驅動的加載和卸載。3.2、實驗原理1）工作原理框圖2）工作原理 根據上圖通過編寫驅動程序可以控制pc0接口，當它高電平時，D9led燈熄滅；當它低電平時，

37、D9led燈點亮。在編寫適當的應用程序完成實驗。3.3、參考程序1、 Led_app.c（應用程序） #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #define LED_DEVICE /dev/led_cugb#define LED_ON 0#define LED_OFF 1static unsigned char buf_wr10=0x00,0x11,0x22,0x33,0x44,0x55,0x66,0x77,0x88,0x99;static unsigne

38、d char buf_rd10;int main() int fd; int val=-1;int i,ret; if( (fd = open(LED_DEVICE,O_RDWR) 0 ) printf(open device error!rn); exit(1); while(1) printf(0:LED ON,1:LED OFF,2:Write test,3:Read test,4:quitrn); scanf(%d,&val); switch(val)case 0:ioctl(fd,LED_ON,0);break;case 1:ioctl(fd,LED_OFF,0);break;cas

39、e 2:ret = write(fd,buf_wr,sizeof(buf_wr);if(ret = 0)printf(app: read %d bytes:,ret);for(i=0;iret;i+)printf(0x%02x ,buf_rdi);printf(rn);elseprintf(Read error!rn);break;case 4:close(fd); exit(1);break;default:printf(input error!rn); 2、 led_drv.c（驅動.c）#include #include #include #include #include #inclu

40、de #include #include #include #include #include #include MODULE_LICENSE(GPL);MODULE_AUTHOR(Mr.Zeng);MODULE_VERSION(V1.0);MODULE_DESCRIPTION(Led Driver for AT91RM9200);#define LED_MAJOR231 #define DEVICE_NAME led_cugb#define LED_ON 0#define LED_OFF 1#define BUF_SIZE 64static unsigned char g_bufBUF_SI

41、ZE;static int led_open(struct inode *inode,struct file *filp) int minor,i; minor = MINOR(inode-i_rdev); at91_set_gpio_output(AT91_PIN_PC2,1); for(i=0;i BUF_SIZE)size_local = BUF_SIZE;copy_to_user(pbuf, g_buf, size_local); printk(driver: read %d bytesrn,size_local);printk(%s okrn,_FUNCTION_);return s

42、ize_local;static ssize_t led_write(struct file *filp, const char _user *pbuf, size_t Size, loff_t* other)int i;size_t size_local;size_local = Size;if(Size BUF_SIZE)size_local = BUF_SIZE;copy_from_user(g_buf,pbuf,size_local); printk(driver: write %d byte:,size_local);for(i=0;i.unlocked_ioctl .release = led_release,;static int _init led_init(void)int ret; ret = register_chrdev(LED_MAJOR ,DEVICE_NAME,&led_ctl_fops); if(ret Graphics support，修改為M，即編譯成模塊，保存退出后，make zImage編譯成內核鏡像2 把/up-techpxa270/exp/kernel/linux-2.6.9/drivers