1、Unit 6 How to Mark a Book,A Survey,Directions: Here is a survey about “Young Peoples Attitudes towards Reading”. Below are the results from the survey conducted by Mori of Nestle Family Monitor. The results are based on questionnaires completed by over 900 teenagers at 33 state and independent schoo

2、ls and 6 colleges between March and May in 2003.,Examples Do teenagers read?,Eighty-three percent read in spare time. Eleven percent never read outside of school hours (these students were more likely to come from a home where neither parent nor guardian worked). Sixteen percent boys never read in t

3、heir spare time compared to only seven percent girls.,What makes young people want to read?,Forty-three percent will read something as a result of a peer recommendation. Ten percent will read something if it is recommended by a teacher. Fifteen percent are keen to read a book about a film they enjoy

4、. Twenty-three percent say they will read a book about a famous person they are interested in or as a hobby (this figure is higher for boys).,Other results:,Age from 13 to 14 is a key period where an interest in reading dwindles. Seventy percent say they will prefer to watch TV or a DVD than read a

5、book. On the whole, girls are more enthusiastic about reading than boys. Boys are “significantly more likely than girls to say that they are encouraged to read if the book is about a place, subject or hobby in which they are interested”.,Directions: Try to do such kind of survey in different classes

6、. Use the statistics you get to analyze their attitudes towards reading. Then report your results orally to the whole class.,Your preferred places for recreational reading (multi-choices),Sources of books you read in the last 12 months,What type of books do you consume?,2. Listening Comprehension,Mo

7、rtimer J. Adler Directions: Listen to the passage and finish the exercise. 1. Adler was an 2.He got his Ph.D. from 3.He taught in University of Chicago from,4.He organized an adult discussion group program in 5.He edited Great Books of the Western World in 6.He became director of planning for the 15

8、th edition of Encyclopaedia Britannica in,Rembrandt,Directions: Listen to the passage and fill in the words that you hear. Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn was born into an that was conducive to . After years of war and upheaval （動亂), life in the United Provinces of the Netherlands was renowned for it

9、s tranquility (寧靜). Rembrandts father was a miller and his mother was the daughter of a baker. The van Rijns were Calvinists. In the year of the artists birth, Leiden, his hometown, was known as one of intellectual and artistic centers in the country.,atmosphere,creativity,prosperous,principal,3. Ba

10、ckground Information,John Deway (18591952), American philosopher and educator Achievement: His educational psychology and philosophy had a great influence on educational development.,Robert Maynard Hutchins (18991977), American educator.,Achievements: Famous for his unconventional theories about hig

11、her education President of the University of Chicago in 1929 at the age of 30 Remained president until 1945 Chairman of the board for the 15th edition of Encyclopaedia Britannica published in 1974,Mr. Vallee (19011986), American singer of popular music who enjoyed fame in the 1920s,“Paradise Lost”:

12、an epic poem by John Milton (16081674), first printed in 1667.,“Gone with the Wind”,A romantic novel of Georgia during the American Civil War and Reconstruction Written by the American author Margaret Mitchell (19001949) Published in 1936 Awarded a Pulitzer Prize,Warm-up Questions,1) What kind of bo

13、oks do you like? 2) How do you read a book? 3) Do you have any suggestions on how to become an efficient reader?,Part Division of the Text,Readers are persuaded to write between the lines,Two ways of owing a book; three kinds of book owners,Detailed reasons for making up a book,The writers way to ma

14、rk a book,Scanning,Directions: Scan this part and try to find out the following proper names and think about what these words might stand for.,True or False,1.You cant read most efficiently if you dont “write between the lines”. ( ) 2. As soon as you have bought a book, the book belongs to you. ( )

15、3. According to the author, books should not be kept as clean and shiny as the day they were bought. ( ),T,F,This act of purchase is only the prelude to possession. Full ownership comes only when you have made it a part of yourself, and the best way to make yourself a part of it is by writing in it.

16、,T,4.According to the author, you can mark up any books that belong to you. ( ) 5.Marking up a book while reading can keep you from dozing off. ( ) 6. Books should be read in a state of relaxation. ( ),T,You had better not mark up a beautifully printed book or an elegantly bound edition.,T,F,The boo

17、ks you read for pleasure can be read in a state of relaxation, and nothing is lost. But a book, rich in ideas and beauty, a book that raises and tries to answer great fundamental questions, demands the most active reading of which you are capable.,7.Your reading is active when you have filled the pa

18、ges of the book with your notes. ( ) 8.Reading a book is somewhat like having a conversation with the author. ( ) 9.Learning means absorbing whatever you are exposed to on the subject. ( ) 10.By “marking a book”, the author only means writing in the margin of the pages. ( ),T,T,F,Learning doesnt con

19、sist in being an empty receptacle. The learner has to question himself and question the teacher.,F,There are all kinds of devices for marking a book intelligently and fruitfully.,Warm-Up Questions,What does it mean to read actively ?,We all prompt active reading because it is the most efficient way

20、when we are reading. Active reading involves grasping general meaning of the passage, anticipating the contents we will possibly say next based on the understanding of previous reading, and guessing the new words, vague and incomplete meaning between the lines. Obviously, active reading is more effe

21、ctive and appropriate than passive one. It will not only save your reading time and improve your reading skills, but also bring you fun while reading.,What do you think when you read a book that others have written on ?,Actually, I seldom read the books that others have written on. But I know many C

22、hinese literary classics have been marked by others, even by famous writers and published. For example, “A Dream of Red Mansious”, “Confucious”, etc. I think the marked books help us read and understand the original more precisely or in different angle of view. Entering and exploring the inner world

23、 of the author by reading both the original and the marked ones together is a great fun.,Part1 Readers are persuaded to write between the lines,Questions for paragraph 1,How can one do the most efficient kind of reading according to the author?,The author thinks that readers should read between the

24、lines in orders to do the most efficient kind of reading.,Detailed Reading of Part ,read between the lines: look for what is implied or suggested, but not actually stated E.g. I could read between the lines that my daughter was homesick though she said that she didnt like college life very much. 我們常

25、常得從小說的字里行間來了解故事的真正含義。 We often have to read a novel between the lines to get the real meaning of the story.,persuade: vt. cause (sb.) to do (sth.) by talking to him or arguing with him 醫(yī)生已多次勸他戒煙。 His doctor has persuaded him to give up smoking many times. He persuaded her to go to school, even thoug

26、h she did not want to. 即使她不想去上學(xué)，他還是說服她去。 我們成功地勸說他放棄那個愚蠢的計劃。 We have succeeded in persuading him out of that foolish plan.,Pattern: persuade sb. to do sth. 勸某人做某事 persuade sb. into doing sth. 勸某人做成某事 persuade sb. out of doing sth. 勸某人放棄做某事 NB:該詞的名詞為persuasion；反義詞為dissuade。,Part2,Two ways of owing a b

27、ook; three kinds of book owners,For Part 2 Multiple Choice,Directions: Choose the best answer for each of the following. 1. According to the author, the real book owners are those who _. A) have paid for them B) have gained their property right C) have their minds enriche D) have dipped into most of

28、 them,2. The purpose of the authors comparing the beefsteak in the butchers to that in your ice box is that _. A) you have paid for them so that you can take them back B) you can cook them anyway you like since they are yours C) you dont get anything valuable unless you have made them part of yourse

29、lf D) you are the real owner of beefsteak since you have paid for them,3. The author uses the example of beefsteak to remind us that _. A) books are as important as beefsteak to our body B) books must be absorbed as beefsteak is in our body and to do us good C) books should be kept in a good place j

30、ust as beefsteak in an ice box D) we can write in the books since we have paid for them,4. Which of the following is NOT true? A) The author would have to mark up a painting or a statue. B) The author wouldnt let his baby make drawings on an original painting by a great artist. C) The author wouldnt

31、 scribble all over a rare or an elegantly bound edition. D) The author would take pains to keep intact the physical appearance of famous books.,5. What is the best title for this part? A) Ownership of a book and book owners B) Dont write in rare and elegant edition C) Show respects to the author by

32、buying a cheap edition D) Read through all the books you have bought,Questions for paragraph 3,What does the author mean by full ownership of a book ?,In his eyes, full ownership comes only when you have made it a part of yourself, and the best way to make yourself a part of it is by writing in it.,

33、Questions for paragraph 4,How does the author classify book owners?,The first has all the standard sets and best-sellers unread, untouched. The second has a great many books a few of them read through, most of them dipped into, but all of them as clean and shiny as the day they were bought. The thir

34、d has a few books or many every one of them dog-eared and dilapidated, shaken and loosened by continual use, marked and scribbled in from front to back.,Questions for paragraph 5,What if your respect for elegant binding or printing gets in the way ?,If my respect for magnificent binding or printing

35、gets in the way, Ill buy myself a cheap edition so that I can write in it.,Detailed Reading of Part II,pay for: hand over the price of; bear the cost of He will have to pay for his foolish behavior. 他為自己所犯的錯誤付出了高昂的代價。 He paid dearly for his mistake. ：,NB:由pay一詞構(gòu)成的常用短語還有,pay back 償還；報復(fù) pay off 全部還清；報

36、復(fù) pay up 付清 annual pay 年薪 extra pay 額外報酬, 附加工資 starting pay 任職首次薪金,prelude: n. something that comes before and acts as an introduction to something more important,The widespread fighting in the streets may be a prelude to more serious trouble. His frequent depressions were the prelude to a complete

37、mental breakdown.,transfer: v. take or move from one person or place to another,父母決定給孩子轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)。 The parents decided to transfer the boy to another school. Tom transferred from Department 3 to Department 1.,sense: n. meaning,He cant be called a writer in a strict sense of word. 等三小時是不合理的。 Theres no sense

38、in waiting three hours.,Collocation:,come to ones senses 使某人蘇醒過來 make sense 講得通，有道理 in all senses 從任何意義上說，在各方面 in a / one sense 從某種意義上說 in the literal sense 按字面意義上來說 in ones right sense 神志正常 out of ones sense 精神失常，糊涂,absorb: vt,1.take in (a liquid, knowledge, ideas, etc.) White surfaces dont absorb

39、much heat or light. Instead, they reflect rays of heat and light that strike them. 讀懂一篇文章是件費力的事情，因為這需要高度的腦力活動。 To follow and absorb a passage is a little bit hard as it requires a high level of mental involvement. 2) interest sb. very much Computer games absorb so much of childrens attention that so

40、me of them forget to go to school. 作家全神貫注地進行寫作以致于忘了彈去雪茄煙的煙灰。 The writer was so absorbed in his writing that he forgot to flick the ashes from his cigar.,do sb. good: help or benefit sb.,Does it do you any good staying up late every night? 多吃蔬菜對你有好處。 Eating more vegetables will do you good.,read thro

41、ugh: finish reading 等我把書讀完再告訴你我的意見。 I will give you my opinion when I read the book through. It takes time to read through the books rich in ideas.,dip into: read here and there in (a book); browse,我只來得及瀏覽了一下這部小說。 I have had time just to dip into the novel. Some books should be read through, some ar

42、e to be dipped into.,restrain: vt. hold back; control,I cant restrain my anger when I hear of people being cruel to animals. 站在中間的人勸另外兩人克制自己不要打架。 The man standing in the middle persuaded the two men to restrain themselves from fighting.,Pattern: restrain sth. / sb.restrain sb. / oneself from doing s

43、th.,restrain 有兩層含義，一是克制或控制自己不去做某事，二是制止或阻止 別人去做某事，例如：He was restrained from going there alone. 他克制自己不一個人去.。 refrain 只有第一個意思。因此表示“克制”或告誡別人別做某事時常用 restrain，例如：She was so hurt but she refrained her tears before the public. 她雖然很受傷害，但是在眾人面前她還是忍住了淚水。,continual: adj. sth. happening again and again, repeated

44、,盡管醫(yī)生不斷地警告他，他還是繼續(xù)抽煙、喝酒。 He still smokes and drinks, despite of the continual warnings of his doctor. Continual dropping wears away the stone. Recently the young couple have continual arguments with each other for trifles.,continual, continuous no more than in a way,You are, so to speak, my best frie

45、nd since you have given me so much help in the past few years. 狗可以說是家庭的一員。 The dog is, so to speak, a member of the family.,manufacture: vt. make or produce by machinery in large quantities,Many of the clothes and toys sold in Canada are manufactured in China. The main business of the company is to

46、manufacture the farm machinery.,get in the way: be in the way, blocking space for movement,我發(fā)現(xiàn)你的自行車擋了路。 I found your bicycle was in the way. Too many social activities got in the way of his studies.,There are two ways in which one can own a book. The first is the property right you establish by payi

47、ng for it, just as you pay for clothes and furniture. But this act of purchase is only the prelude to possession. Full ownership comes only when you have made it a part of yourself, and the best way to make yourself a part of it is by writing in it. What does the author imply in these sentences?,Wha

48、t does the author imply in these sentences?,If one buys a book, he or she becomes its owner. In other words, one has established the property right over the book by paying for it. But the author proposes a second meaning. That is what he calls “full” ownership. Buying a book is not enough to “fully”

49、 own it. One has to read it and digest it to make it ones own.,The first has all the standard sets and best-sellers unread, untouched. (This individual owns wood pulp and ink, not books.) The second has a great many books a few of them read through, most of them dipped into, but all of them as clean

50、 and shiny as the day they were bought. 1. How do you understand the two words “unread, untouched” after the dash? 2. Translate the sentence into Chinese.,1.How do you understand the two words “unread, untouched” after the dash? 破折號后的unread, untouched是all the standard sets and best sellers的同位語，進一步解釋

51、說明前面的名詞詞組?？砂阉斫鉃閣hich are unread and untouched, 即定語從句的縮略，也可理解為all of them unread, untouched，即獨立結(jié)構(gòu)作同位語的縮略。 2. Translate the sentence into Chinese. 第一種人擁有全部標(biāo)準(zhǔn)成套書和暢銷書既沒讀過，也沒摸過。,This individual owns wood pulp and ink, not books.,What can you infer from this sentence?,This person owns only the materials

52、the books are made from, not the ideas they contain. This person just owns the physical aspect of books.,Id no more scribble all over a first edition of “Paradise Lost” than Id give my baby a set of crayons and an original Rembrandt!,1. Analyze the structure of the sentence. 2. Paraphrase this sente

53、nce.,1.Analyze the structure of the sentence. No more than是這句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)。no more than 意味兩者都是否定，重點往往在前一分句。如：I can no more play bridge than you。 no more than 不過是，僅僅是。用在名詞或數(shù)詞前，在句中起形容詞作用。如：This is no more than a joke. “a first edition of”, 注意用的是a不是the，指第一版中的一本；Paradise Lost 是英國17世紀(jì)著名大詩人彌爾頓所著的一部史詩，具有極高的藝術(shù)價值，其第

54、一版自然也很珍貴。original 這里指“原畫”，非復(fù)制品，是荷蘭17世紀(jì)的大畫家Rembrant (倫勃朗)，其作品具有極高的價值。這里用人名代替作品，是英文中常見的用法。 2. Paraphrase this sentence. I wouldnt write carelessly on the pages of a first edition of “Paradise Lost”, just as I wouldnt give my baby a set of crayons and an original painting by Rembrandt.,If your respect

55、for magnificent binding or printing gets in the way, buy yourself a cheap edition and pay your respects to the author.,1. Paraphrase this sentence. 2. Translate the sentence into Chinese.,1.Paraphrase this sentence. If the excellent binding or style of printing of the book makes you hesitate to mark

56、 on it, buy yourself a cheap edition of it and try to understand the authors ideas by any means including marking the book. 2. Translate the sentence into Chinese. 如果你對華美的裝幀或印刷的尊重妨礙你讀書，那么就買種便宜的版本，將你的敬意獻給作者。,Part 3,Detailed reasons for making up a book,Questions for paragraph 6,Why does the author th

57、ink marking up a book is indispensable to reading ?,First, it keeps you awake.,Second, active reading is thinking, and thinking tends to express itself in words, spoken or written.,Finally, writing helps readers remember the thoughts they had, or the thoughts the author expressed.,Questions for para

58、graph 8,What kind of book requires the most active reading? And what kind of book doesnt ?,a great book, rich in ideas and beauty, a book that raises and tries to answer great fundamental questions, demands the most active reading. an ordinary piece of light fiction which you read for pleasure doesn

59、t.,Questions for paragraph 10,How does the physical act of writing benefit the reader?,The physical act of writing, with your own hand, brings words and sentences more sharply before your mind and preserves them better in your memory.,Questions for paragraph 11,What does the leaner have to do in the authors opinion?,In his opinion, the learner shouldnt be solely on the receiving end. He should make a learning a conversation between he and the au