1、話題4 自然災害,基礎知識自測,1. _ n. 地震 2. _ n. 管；導管 3. _ n. 事件； 大事 4. _ n. 運河；水道 5. _ n. 磚；磚塊,brick,earthquake,pipe,event,canal,6. _ n. 掩蔽處；避身處 7. _ n. 要點；大綱；輪廓 8. _ n. 災難；災禍 9. _ vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隱藏 10. _ vi. (burst, burst)爆發(fā),burst,shelter,outline,disaster,bury,11. _ adj. 極度的 12. _ adv. 真誠地; 真摯地 13. _ n. 廢墟 vt.毀滅 14.

2、 _ vt. 表示; 表達 n.快車 15. _ n. 裁判員; vt.斷定,judge,extreme,sincerely,ruin,express,(A)單詞派生,二、單詞拓展,1. _ n.礦，礦山 _ n. 礦工 2. _ v. 判斷 _ n. 判斷；辨別力,judgment,mine,miner,judge,3. _ vt. 損害; 傷害 _ n. 損害; 傷害 _ adj.受傷的 4. _ v. 祝賀; 恭喜 _ n. 祝賀; (復數(shù))賀詞,congratulation,injure,injury,injured,congratulate,5. _ adj. 電的; 導電的 _ n

3、. 電; 電流; 電學 _ adj.與電有關的 6. _ v. (使)驚嚇 _ adj. 受驚的; 受恐嚇的 _ adj. 令人恐懼的,frightening,electric,electricity,electrical,frighten,frightened,1. Two players are out of the team because of _.(injure) 介詞后要接名詞。 2. My personal _ is that he is to blame. (judge) 形容詞后接名詞構成名詞詞組作主語。,judgement,injury,3. I think it is d

4、angerous for _ (mine) to work in such terrible conditions.,miners,意為“礦工”。,4. His _ (frighten) eyes made the boy feel_ . 5. Bob left me his _(electric) fan before he went to London. 形容詞修飾后面的名詞。,frightening,frightened,electric,感到恐懼的,令人恐懼的,1. _ 立刻; 馬上 2. _ 許多; 大量的 3. _ 結束; 終結 4. _ 嚴重受損; 成為廢墟,三、短語翻譯,in

5、ruins,right away,a (great) number of,at an end,5. _ 掘出; 發(fā)現(xiàn) 6. _ 仿佛; 好像 7. _ 代替 8. _ 像往常一樣,as usual,dig out,as if,instead of,9. _ 被困住, 被套住 10. _ 橫切 11. _ 三分之二 12. _ 災害侵襲的地區(qū),disaster-hit areas,be trapped,cut across,two thirds,四、語篇填空,At 3:42 a.m. everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world was

6、 at an end! Eleven kilometres 1 _(direct) below the city, the 2 _(great) earthquake of the 20th century had begun. It was felt in Beijing, 3 _is more than two hundred kilometres away. One-third of the nation felt it. A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across house

7、s, roads and canals.,directly,greatest,which,Steam burst from holes 4 _ the ground. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city 5 _ (lie) in ruins. The suffering of the people 6 _(be) extreme. Two-thirds of them died 7 _were injured during the earthquake. Thous

8、ands of families were killed and many 8 _ (child) were left without parents.,in,lay,was,or,children,9 _ number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000. Then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan. More buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity were har

9、d 10 _(get). People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.,The,to get,1. directly 修飾介詞短語作狀語，用副詞，意為“正好”在這座城市下面。 2. greatest 前有the，后有of the 20th century表示范圍，可以確定用最高級。 3. which 引導定語從句并在從句中作主語，先行詞是Beijing。 4. in 說地上有洞，其實是地里有洞，故用in；類似的墻上有洞，也用in。 5. lay 由上下文中的謂語動詞時態(tài)可知，用一般過去時，lie的過去時是lay。lie in

10、ruins成為廢墟。,6. was 主語是The suffering(痛苦)，第三人稱單數(shù)，一般過去時，故填was。 7. or 指死了“或者”受傷。 8. children 受many修飾要用復數(shù)。 9. The 從后面的數(shù)字看是指“數(shù)量”，表示“的數(shù)量”用the number of。 10. to get 在作表語或補語的形容詞后只能用不定式作狀語。,五、語段改錯,All hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to helping the rescue work

11、ers. Hundreds of thousands people were helped. The army organized teams to dig out those that were trapped and to bury the dead.,To the north of the city, most of the10,000 miners are rescued from the coal mines here. Workers built shelters to survivors whose home had been destroyed. Fresh water was

12、 taken to the city by the train, truck and plane. Slow, the city began to breath again.,1. helping help 作目的狀語用不定式(to do)。 2. 在people前加of 表示具體幾千人不用of，thousand也不用復數(shù)，如three thousand people；表示數(shù)以千計的人，thousands后要加of。 3. that who 當先行詞是指人的those時，只能用who引導定語從句。 4. are were 由上下文謂語動詞時態(tài)可知，用過去時。 5. here there 指這座

13、城市北面的煤礦“那里”。,6. to for 表示“為某人”造庇護所/房子，用for sb.。 7. home homes 由前面的shelters和survivors可知，用復數(shù)。 8. 去掉by后的the 用by表示“乘”車/船/飛機等，習慣上說by bus /train/boat/plane，不用冠詞。 9. Slow Slowly 位于句首，修飾全句，用副詞作狀語。 10. breath breathe 表示開始做某事是begin to do sth.，故名詞breath要改為動詞breathe。,重點詞匯講練,原句 In the city, the water pipes in so

14、me buildings cracked and burst. 城市里, 一些大樓的水管破裂了。(B1P26),1. burst v. 爆裂; 突發(fā),例句 The balloon suddenly burst.氣球突然爆炸了。,burst in闖進來；突然插嘴 burst into laughter=burst out laughing放聲大笑 burst into tears=burst out crying放聲大哭,搭配, When we were chatting in the room, he burst _.,運用 填入一個恰當?shù)脑~。, The audience burst _ ch

15、eers., As she was talking, the old man burst _crying with excitement.,out,into,in,2. injure vt. 傷害，使受傷，損害 例句 Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.三分之二的人在這次地震中死去或受傷。,理解 說出下列各句的漢語意思。 He injured his knee yesterday. I hope I didnt injure her feelings. Dishonest injures a busines

16、s.,欺騙有害生意。,他昨天傷了膝蓋。,我希望我沒有傷害她的感情。,3. destroy vt. 破壞；毀壞；消滅(damage sth. so badly that it cannot be repaired or it no longer exists，works， etc.) 例句 Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed. 無論人們朝哪里看，哪里的一切都幾乎被毀了。, destroy強烈摧毀，無法或難以修復；毀掉(名譽、希望、計劃等)。如： The houses were destroyed by a fire. 房屋

17、被火災所毀。 ruin(逐漸)徹底毀滅；弄壞(美好經(jīng)歷或有用物)。如： Oxford has been ruined by the motor industry. 牛津城已經(jīng)被汽車工業(yè)毀掉了。,辨析 destroy，ruin the number of(+復數(shù)名詞)的數(shù)目。前者作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)；后者作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。,The number of the people invited to the party _(be)50 last night, but a number of them _ (be) absent for different reasons.1,運用 用所給詞

18、的適當形式填空。,was,were,寫作句型仿寫,原句 It seemed as if the world was at an end!世界似乎到了末日!(B1P26),1. It seems as if 看上去好像 ; 似乎,例句 It seemed as if the sky would fall down. 似乎天要塌下來了。,仿寫 看上去好像除了我之外別人都知道。 _ except me.,說明 其中as if 可用as though替代,It seems as if everybody knows it,原句 Everywhere they looked nearly everyth

19、ing was destroyed.人們無論朝哪里看, 那里的一切都幾乎被毀了。(B1P26),2. Everywhere無論哪里(=wherever),例句 Everywhere she goes, she will receive warm welcome.無論她走到哪, 她都會受到熱烈歡迎。,仿寫 無論他走到哪兒, 我都會找到他。 _, I will find him.,Everywhere he goes,例句 All students can not go to key university after they graduate from middle school.不是所有的學生

20、中學畢業(yè)后都能上重點大學。,3. all. not=not all.并非都,原句 All hope was not lost. 不是所有的希望都破滅了。(B1P26),仿寫 并不是每個人都像你那么自私。,說明 all, both, each, always, every及every的合成詞與not 連用時表部分否定。,_ is as selfish as you.,Not everyone,原句 The chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.雞甚至豬也太緊張了以至于不吃東西了。,4. too+ adj./ adv. +(for s

21、b.) to do sth. 太以至于不,例句 The man is too honest to play a trick like that. 這個人很誠實, 不會搞那樣的惡作劇的。,說明 在以下三種情況下，此結構是肯定意義： 當形容詞是表心情的ready，glad，happy，eager，willing等時，表肯定； 和never，not連用時，意為“非常，怎么做也不過分”。 在too前加上only，but，all，simply或just時，表肯定，且?guī)в幸欢ǖ母星樯省?(1) 這個箱子太重了, 我搬不動。 The box is _ for me _.,仿寫 根據(jù)漢語意思完成英文句子。,(2) 我十分渴望見到你。 Im _ to _ you.,see