1、托福閱讀總結(jié)題的整理 為了幫助大家高效備考托福，今天給大家?guī)?lái)了托福閱讀總結(jié)題的整理,希望能夠幫助到大家，下面就和大家分享，來(lái)欣賞一下吧。托福閱讀總結(jié)題的整理總結(jié)題主要目的：考查學(xué)生理解和識(shí)別主要內(nèi)容和文中所提及重要的信息。這類(lèi)考題的特點(diǎn)：有六個(gè)選項(xiàng)，你可以從中選出三個(gè)最能表達(dá)主要思想的句子。這類(lèi)考題分值是2分，選出三個(gè)得2分，選出2 個(gè)得1分，順序選擇不影響得分。direction:an introductory sentence or a brief summary of the passage is provided below. complete the summary by sele

2、cting the three answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. this question is worth 2 points解決這類(lèi)考題的方法：一、清楚*的論證類(lèi)型總分型一般容易出這類(lèi)考題。我以中文為例，

3、麗麗老師是一個(gè)非常好的人。首先，她很樂(lè)于助人例如一次我看見(jiàn)她扶一個(gè)盲人過(guò)馬路，其次麗麗老師很慷慨，有一次我看見(jiàn)她為希望工程捐了她當(dāng)時(shí)兜里的全部錢(qián)(50元)，第三麗麗很謙虛和平易近人。這樣的*特別容易出總結(jié)題lily is a nice person 1 3 51、 麗麗樂(lè)于助人2、 麗麗扶一個(gè)盲人過(guò)馬路3、 麗麗老師很慷慨，4、 老余捐了100元5、 麗麗很謙虛和平易近人6、 麗麗經(jīng)常打架正確答案應(yīng)該是 1、3、5二、解決方法：一)主體詞排除錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)法首先抓住要總結(jié)的關(guān)鍵詞也就是主體詞，就是要問(wèn)哪方向的內(nèi)容，如上個(gè)例子，主體題麗麗一定會(huì)在正確答案中出現(xiàn)，不然問(wèn)的是麗麗可以答案談?wù)摰氖莿e人，就變

4、得完全不相關(guān)了，根據(jù)這個(gè)特點(diǎn)我們可以排除 4老余捐了100元如og上的一道總結(jié)題可以直接使用主體詞排除錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的方法the technology of modern cinema evolved at the end of the nineteenth century. 3 5 61、 kinetoscope parlors or viewing films were modeled on phonograph parlors2、 thomas edisons design of the kinetoscope inspired the development of large screen

5、projection.3、 early cinema allowed individuals to use special machines to view films privately.4、 slides-and-lantern shows had been presented.5、 the development of projection technology made it possible to project images on a large screen6、 once films images could be projected, the cinema became a f

6、orm of mass consumption其中只有三個(gè)選項(xiàng)有本問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵詞，本問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵詞是 the technology of cinema.二)細(xì)節(jié)信息排除法總結(jié)題是對(duì)對(duì)*的高度概括所以細(xì)節(jié)的出現(xiàn)犯了以偏概全的錯(cuò)誤，如中文例子中的2、麗麗扶一個(gè)盲人過(guò)馬路。 這是一個(gè)具體的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，我們要繞過(guò)例子看總結(jié)。所以在排除它。如og中的一道題目this passage discusses fossils that help to explain the likely origins of cetaceans-whales, porpoises and dolphins 1 2 5answer c

7、hoices1、 recent discoveries of fossils have helped to show he link between land mammals and cetaceans(這是*的主題)2、the discovery of ambulocetus natans provided evidence for a whale that lived both on land and at sea.(總結(jié)性信息)3、the skeleton of basilosaurus are found in what had been the tehys sea, an area

8、rich in fossil evidence. (絕對(duì)的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié))-排除4 、pakicetus is the oldest fossil whale yet to be found(絕對(duì)的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié))-排除5、fossils thought to be transitional forms between walking mammals and swimming whales were found.(主題)6、ambulocetushind legs were used for propulsion in the water. (絕對(duì)的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié))-排除三)新信息出現(xiàn)排除如6、麗麗經(jīng)常打架，原

9、文沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)，所以正確答案中一定沒(méi)有。托福閱讀真題原題+題目the canopy, the upper level of the trees in the rain forest, holds a plethora of climbing mammals of moderately large size, which may include monkeys, cats, civets, and porcupines.smaller species, including such rodents as mice and small squirrels, are not as prevalent o

10、verall in high tropical canopies as they are in most habitats globally.small mammals, being warm blooded, suffer hardship in the exposed and turbulent environment of the uppermost trees. because a small body has more surface area per unit of weight than a large one of similar shape, it gains or lose

11、s heat more swiftly. thus, in the trees,where shelter from heat and cold may be scarce and conditions may fluctuate, a small mammal may have trouble maintaining its body temperature.small size makes it easy to scramble among twigs and branches in the canopy for insects,flowers, or fruit, but small m

12、ammals are surpassed, in the competition for food, by large ones that have their own tactics for browsing among food-rich twigs. the weight of a gibbon (a small ape) hanging below a branch arches the terminal leaves down so that fruit-bearing foliage drops toward the gibbons face. walking or leaping

13、 species of a similar or even larger size access the outer twigs either by snapping off and retrieving the whole branch or by clutching stiff branches with the feet or tail and plucking food with their hands.small climbing animals may reach twigs readily, but it is harder for them than for large cli

14、mbing animals to cross the wide gaps from on tree crown to the next that typify the high canopy. a macaque or gibbon can hurl itself farther than a mouse can: it can achieve a running start, and it can more effectively use a branch as a springboard, even bouncing on a climb several times before jump

15、ing. the forward movement of a small animal is seriously reduced by the air friction against the relatively large surface area of its body. finally, for the many small mammals that supplement their insect diet with fruits or seeds, an inability to span open gaps between tree crowns may be problemati

16、c, since trees that yield these foods can be sparse.1. the passage answers which of the following questions?(a) how is the rain forest different from other habitats?(b) how does an animals body size influence an animals need for food?(c) why does the rain forest provide an unusual variety of food fo

17、r animals?(d) why do large animals tend to dominate the upper canopy of the rain forest?2. which of the following animals is less common in the upper canopy than in other environments?(a) monkeys(b) cats(c) porcupines(d) mice3. the word they in line 4 refers to(a) trees(b) climbing mammals of modera

18、tely large size(c) smaller species(d) high tropical canopies4. according to paragraph 2, which of the following is true about the small mammals in the rainforest?(a) they have body shapes that are adapted to live in the canopy.(b) they prefer the temperature and climate of the canopy to that of othe

19、r environments.(c) they have difficulty with the changing conditions in the canopy.(d) they use the trees of the canopy for shelter from heat and cold.5. in discussing animal size in paragraph 3, the author indicates that(a) small animals require proportionately more food than larger animals do(b) a

20、 large animals size is an advantage in obtaining food in the canopy(c) small animals are often attacked by large animals in the rain forest(d) small animals and large animals are equally adept at obtaining food in the canopy6. the word typify in line 19 is closest in meaning to(a) resemble(b) protec

21、t(c) characterize(d) divide7. according to paragraph 4, what makes jumping from one tree crown to another difficult forsmall mammals?(a) air friction against the body surface(b) the thickness of the branches(c) the dense leaves of the tree crown(d) the inability to use the front feet as hands8. the

22、word supplement in line 24 is closest in meaning to(a) control(b) replace(c) look for(d) add to9. which of the following terms is defined in the passage ?(a) canopy (line 1)(b) warm blooded (line 5)(c) terminal leaves (line 13)(d) springboard (line 21)托福閱讀真題原題+題目as philadelphia grew from a small tow

23、n into a city in the first half of the eighteenth century, it became an increasingly important marketing center for a vast and growing agricultural hinterland.market days saw the crowded city even more crowded, as farmers from within a radius of 24 or more kilometers brought their sheep, cows, pigs,

24、 vegetables, cider, and other products for direct sale to the townspeople. the high street market was continuously enlarged throughout the period until 1736, when it reached from front street to third. by 1745 new market was opened on second street between pine and cedar. the next year the callowhil

25、l market began operation.along with market days, the institution of twice-yearly fairs persisted in philadelphia even after similar trading days had been discontinued in other colonial cities. the fairs provided a means of bringing handmade goods from outlying places to would-be buyers in the city.

26、linens and stockings from germantown, for example, were popular items.auctions were another popular form of occasional trade. because of the competition, retail merchants opposed these as well as the fairs. although governmental attempts to eradicate fairs and auctions were less than successful, the

27、 ordinary course of economic development was on the merchants side, as increasing business specialization became the order of the day. export merchants became differentiated from their importing counterparts, and specialty shops began to appear in addition to general stores selling a variety of good

28、s.one of the reasons philadelphias merchants generally prospered was because thesurrounding area was undergoing tremendous economic and demographic growth. they did their business, after all, in the capital city of the province. not only did they cater to the governor and his circle, but citizens fr

29、om all over the colony came to the capital for legislative sessions of the assembly and council and the meetings of the courts of justice.1. what does the passage mainly discuss?(a) philadelphias agriculture importance(b) philadelphias development as a marketing center(c) the sale of imported goods

30、in philadelphia(d) the administration of the city of philadelphia2. it can be inferred from the passage that new markets opened in philadelphia because(a) they provided more modem facilities than older markets(b) the high street market was forced to close(c) existing markets were unable to serve the

31、 growing population(d) farmers wanted markets that were closer to the farms.3. the word hinterland in line 3 is closest in meaning to(a) tradition(b) association(c) produce(d) region4. the word it in line 6 refers to(a) the crowded city(b) a radius(c) the high street market(d) the period5. the word persisted in line 9 is closest in meaning to(a) returned(b) started(c) declined(d) continued6. according to the passage ,