1、第一章 冠詞冠詞可以分為定冠詞（the），不定冠詞（a, an），和零冠詞（即不用冠詞，如Theyre students. students前就可以說用的零冠詞。Water is important. 我們可以說water前用的零冠詞。）冠詞的用法上可以分為：特指、獨(dú)指和類指。第1講 冠詞的特指、獨(dú)指和類指考點(diǎn)1. 定冠詞的特指用法定冠詞的特指用法：非常明確地指出何人或何物?？梢苑譃榍罢諔?yīng)特指、后照應(yīng)特指和語境特指。I. 前照應(yīng)特指定冠詞在前面，由后置修飾語來確定是何人何物。如：This is the book you lent me yesterday.This is the boy fro

2、m England.1. _ old lady in brown is _ university professor.A. An; a B. An; /C. The; anD. The; a2. I like music, but I dont like _ music of this film.A. aB. anC. theD. /3. How was _ dinner at Mikes house?It was great. Mikes mum is _ wonderful cook.A. a; theB. the; aC. the; theD. a; anII. 后照應(yīng)特指冠詞用在后面的

3、名詞前，和前面提到的同一名詞相照應(yīng)。（也就是第一次提到某物某人用不定冠詞，再次提到時(shí)用定冠詞。冠詞在后面照應(yīng)。）如：I bought a book yesterday. The book cost me 20 yuan.4. This is _ egg. _ egg is big.A. a; AB. an; AnC. a; TheD. an; The5. There is _ bridge over there. _ bridge is made of wood.A. the; TheB. a; AC. the; AD. a; TheIII. 語境特指不是建立在上下文的照應(yīng)關(guān)系上，而是建立在談

4、話雙方共有的知識(shí)上。如：Open the door.Where is the book？6. 【2011全國II】As he reached _ front door, Jack saw _ strange sight.A. the; /B. a; theC. /；aD. the; a7. 【2011山東】Take your timeits just _ short distance from here to _ restaurant. A. /; theB. a; theC. the; aD. /; a8. 【2006北京】I knocked over my coffee cup. It w

5、ent right over _ keyboard.You shouldnt put drinks near _ computer.A. the; / B. the; aC. a; /D. a; a9. 【2008江西】I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting. It is not your fault. With _ rush-hour traffic and _ heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late.A. a; aB. the; theC. /; /D. /; a考點(diǎn)2. 獨(dú)指：指世上獨(dú)一無

6、二的事定冠詞的獨(dú)指用法：世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物前，要用定冠詞。如：the sun, the moon, the earth, the world, the universe, etc.10. We can see _ sun and _ moon in _ picture. A. a; the; theB. the; a; the C. a; the; aD. the; the; the11. Its _ pleasure to see _ sun rising in _ east.A. /; the; /B. a; /; /C. a; the; theD. /; the; the考點(diǎn)3. 類指

7、I. 可數(shù)名詞表示類指時(shí)，有三種情況。A horse is a domestic（dmestIk家養(yǎng)的）animal.= The horse is a domestic animal.= Horses are domestic animals.但是這三種類指方法各有側(cè)重:the指的是整個(gè)類別，這個(gè)類別是可以區(qū)別于另一個(gè)類別的 (多用于談?wù)摪l(fā)明物和科技問題)。如：The compass was invented in China, but the computer was not. 羅盤是在中國發(fā)明的，但計(jì)算機(jī)不是。a(n )側(cè)重于指類別中任何一個(gè)的特點(diǎn)。如：A cat has four leg

8、s.貓有四條腿。不用冠詞的復(fù)數(shù)名詞側(cè)重指類別中的許多個(gè)體。如：Children usually start walking at around one year old.小孩兒一般一歲左右開始走路。Do you like horses? 你喜歡馬嗎？(不能說Do you like a horse?)在類指時(shí)如何使用冠詞要根據(jù)所要表達(dá)內(nèi)容的具體情況而定。The tiger is in danger of becoming extinct. 虎有滅絕的危險(xiǎn)。(不能說“A tiger is in danger of becoming extinct.”。瀕臨滅絕指的是整個(gè)虎類，而不是任何一只老虎都面

9、臨滅絕的危險(xiǎn)。)12. _ are very popular with people all over the world, but do you know who was it that invented _ telephone?A. The telephone; / B. Telephone; aC. The telephones; the D. Telephones; the13. _ trains are faster than _ buses.A. /; /B. The; /C. /; theD. The; a14. 【2012江西】The Smiths dont like stay

10、ing at _ hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by _ sea.A. /; aB. the; theC. /; the D. the; a15. _ is known by its note, _ is known by his talk.A. A bird; a manB. One bird; one man C. The bird; the manD. Bird; man16. 【2011全國I】 It is generally accepted that _ boy must lea

11、rn to stand up and fight like _ man. A. a; aB. a; theC. the; the D. a; /17. In China, _ car is becoming _ popular means of transportation.A. the; aB. a; /C. the; theD. a; the18. The invention of _ wheel is a great contribution to _ man. A. the; / B. / ; / C. a; the D. / ; the19. 【2009北京】 The biggest

12、 whale is _ blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters longthe height of _ 9-story building.A. the; the B. a; aC. a; theD. the; a II. 不可數(shù)名詞泛指時(shí)不用冠詞，特指時(shí)用定冠詞Water is a liquid. 水是液體。Music is an art. 音樂是藝術(shù)。The water in the bottle goes bad. 20. Money plays an important role in _ material world. But exp

13、ecting _ money to give happiness may be missing the meaning of life.A. a; theB. the; /C./; /D. the; the21. Since he has no sense of _ humor, Im sure he didnt catch _ humor in your remarks. A. /; theB. a; theC. a; /D. the; a22. It is known to all that _ light travels faster than _ sound. A. /; / B. a

14、; aC. the; theD. the; /23. 【2010福建】 Its _ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them _ pleasureA. /; aB. a; /C. the; aD. a; the 24. 【2008湖南】Have you heard _ news？The price of _ petrol is going up again!A. the; the B. /; the C. the; / D. /; /25. 【2012全國新課標(biāo)】 Sarah looked

15、 at _ finished painting with _ satisfaction. A. /; aB. a; theC. the; /D. the; a26. 【2013新課標(biāo)I】India attained _ independence in 1947, after _ long struggle.A. /; aB. the; aC. an; /D. an; the鏈接：抽象名詞前面不用冠詞泛指時(shí)側(cè)重于表達(dá)一種概念。如上面題中的attain independence, with satisfaction表達(dá)的是“獲得獨(dú)立”(答疑qq )這個(gè)概念，并不是強(qiáng)調(diào)獲得哪次獨(dú)立。在可數(shù)名詞中，g

16、o to school去上學(xué)， be in hospital在住院；而go to the school去那所學(xué)校（不一定是去上學(xué)）， be in the hospital在那家醫(yī)院（不一定是生?。Ｎ覀兛梢钥闯?，不管是可數(shù)名詞還是抽象名詞，不用冠詞時(shí)可以表示概念，用定冠詞時(shí)表示特指?？键c(diǎn)4. 名詞有修飾語時(shí)，前面不一定都用定冠詞I like books with hard covers. 我喜歡精裝書。I like the books with hard covers. 我喜歡那些精裝書。在第一句中，books是泛指精裝書這一類書。在第二句中，是特指，所以用定冠詞。在第一句中，with har

17、d covers是描繪性定語。在第二句中，with hard covers是限定性定語，指的是那些書中精裝的那些，而不是別的。限制性定語：指of引導(dǎo)的定語或某些定語從句，他們限制名詞的意義，是指特定的內(nèi)容，和它相對(duì)的則是描繪型定語（這種定語只描繪，不限定意思）：名詞被限制性定語修飾時(shí)，前面用定冠詞；被描繪性定語修飾時(shí)，不用定冠詞。She cared little for social life. 她對(duì)社交生活不太感興趣。(social為描繪性定語)He has always been interested in classical music. 他一向喜歡古典音樂。（classical為描繪性

18、定語）This is the book you want. 這是你想要的那本書。（you want為限制性定語）This is a book you must read. 這是一本你必須要讀的書。（you must read為描繪性定語）27. 【2000全國】Most animals have little connection with _ animals of _ different kind unless they kill them for food. A. the; aB. /; aC. the; theD. /; the28. 【2012浙江】The development of

19、 industry has been _ gradual process throughout _ human existence from stone tools to modern technology. A. /; theB. the; aC. a; /D. a; a 29. 【2010浙江】 Many lifestyle patterns do such _ great harm to health that they actually speed up _ weakening of the human body.A. a; /B. /; theC. a; theD. /; /30.

20、【2004北京春】On _ news today, there were _ reports of heavy snow in that area. A. the; theB. the; /C. /; /D. /; the31. As a consequence，_ fruits such as peaches and pears are in fact related, although they are different at _ first sight.A. the; theB. /; theC. /; /D. the; /寫作專練1. 遇到名詞要考慮前面冠詞是特指還是類指（P. 22

21、5)第2講 不定冠詞a，an 的基本用法考點(diǎn)1. a, an 的選擇用a還是用an, 關(guān)鍵是看該單詞音標(biāo)中第一個(gè)音素是元音音素還是輔音音素。There is _ “u” in the word “use”. 這里用a。因?yàn)樽帜竨的讀音為ju，j為輔音音素。在26個(gè)字母前：用a的有14個(gè)：b, c, d, g, j, k, p, q, t, u, v, w, y, z；用an的有12個(gè)：a, e, i, o; f, l, m, n, s, x; h, r 。分類記為： 元音字母（4個(gè)）：a, e, i, o 字母讀音中第一個(gè)音素為 e（6個(gè)）： f ef, l el, m em, n en, s

22、 es, x eks 字母讀音中第一個(gè)音素為 eI（1個(gè)）：h eItS 字母讀音中第一個(gè)音素為 A (1個(gè))：r A an honest boy an hour an honor _ “M” _ “N” _ “L”(an) _ ugly man (an) _ university student(a) _ European car (a) _ 800-word-long composition(an) _180-metre-long road (a)1. Mr. Taylor has _ 8-year-old daughter who is _ girl for painting she h

23、as won two nation prizes.A. a; aB. an; theC. an; aD. the; a2. Susan, _ university student from Europe, teaches me _ art in her spare time.A. an; /B. a; theC. a; /D. an; the3. A little boy wrote _ “U” and _ “n” on the wall.A. a; anB. an; aC. an; anD. a; a4. Now he is _ artist. I have known him since

24、he was _ one-year-old boy.A. a; anB. a; aC. an; anD. an; a5. 【2004浙江】The Wilsons live in _ A-shaped house near the coast. It is _ 17th century cottage.A. the; /B. an; theC. /; theD. an; a 考點(diǎn)2. a/an有表示“每一個(gè)”之意，這時(shí)不能用one 替換6. The train is running fifty miles _.A. an hourB. one hourC. the hourD. a hour7.

25、 The new D-type trains can run at speeds of 200 to 250 kilometers _ hour. The trip from Shanghai to Beijing only takes 10 hours now. A. aB. anC. theD. /考點(diǎn)3. help, success, honor, must, wonder, failure, wonder表示具體意義時(shí)抽象名詞前一般不用任何冠詞，但表示具體意義的“的人或事”時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞，其前用不定冠詞。如：This book is a great success.He is a suc

26、cess as a writer.He is a great help to me.This dictionary is a great help.8. Mr. Smith told us that _ gold medal his son had got was considered _ great honor to the whole family.A. the; /B. the; aC. a; aD. a; the9. Dont you think it _ surprise that a German cannot speak _ German language?A. /; theB.

27、 a; theC. a; /D. /; the10. 【2007福建】How about _ Christmas evening party? I should say it was _ success.A. a; a B. the; aC. a; /D. the; /11. 【2007浙江】I like _ color of your skirt. It is _ good match for your blouse. A. a; the B. a; aC. the; aD. the; the12. 【2012山東】Being able to afford _ drink would be

28、_ comfort in those tough times. A. the; theB. a; aC. a; /D. /; a 13. _ on-going division between English-speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is _ major concern of the country.A. The; /B. The; aC. An; theD. An; /考點(diǎn)4. 用在某些物質(zhì)名詞或抽象名詞前表示“一種、一類、一份、一場(chǎng)、一陣”如：Thats a green tea. 那是一種綠茶。They were c

29、aught in a heavy rain. 他們淋了一場(chǎng)大雨。Its a great pleasure to have a talk with you.14. What would you like, sir? _.A. Two cups coffeeB. Two cups of coffeesC. Two coffees D. Two cup of coffees考點(diǎn)5. 用在一些專有名詞和一些本身前面要用定冠詞的名詞前，表示某一方面In four minutes he was met by an anxious Miss Cramb.四分鐘之后，焦急的克朗姆小姐向他迎來。不定冠詞用于專有

30、名詞前，表示某個(gè)時(shí)期或具有某種特征的人或物。此時(shí)，專有名詞常有前置修飾性定語。(答疑qq )再如：She is now a different Miss Nancy from what she was when she was my neighbor.她現(xiàn)在已不是與我為鄰時(shí)的那個(gè)南希小姐了。15. 【2010江蘇】The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that _ people from all walks of life are working hard for _ new Jiangsu.A. /; aB. /;theC.

31、the; aD. the; the 16. 【2009安徽】We can never expect _ bluer sky unless we create _ less polluted world. A. a; aB. a; theC. the; aD. the; the考點(diǎn)6. 用在人名或星期前，表示“某一”， 相當(dāng)于a certain不定冠詞用于人名或星期幾之前，表示說話者對(duì)所談及的人或時(shí)間把握不大，不知道到底是誰或哪個(gè)星期幾。此時(shí)的不定冠詞相當(dāng)于one或a certain。17. Can I speak to Mr. Green?Sorry. There isnt _ Mr. Smi

32、th here.A. /B. aC. theD. an18. 【2005山東】I know _ John Lennon, but not _ famous one . A. /; aB. a; theC. /; theD. the; a19. 【2005 湖南】 I cant remember when exactly the Robinsons left _ city. I only remember it was _ Monday.A. The; theB. a; theC. a; aD. the; a考點(diǎn)7. 用在人名、地名等前面，相當(dāng)于漢語中的“借代”修辭手法He is a Shake

33、speare in his dramatic skill.在戲劇技巧方面他可以說是莎翁再世。用于人名、地名、書名之前，表示所提及的人或物與專有名詞所指的人或物具有相同的性質(zhì)。20. 【2011浙江】 Experts think that _ recently discovered painting may be _ Picasso. A. the; /B. a; theC. a; /D. the; a 考點(diǎn)8. be of an (a) age /size /height /shape /color /weight /type /price等表示“相同的”（參看P.27Error! Refer

34、ence source not found.）Those windows are of a size. 這些窗戶大小相同。Those windows are of the same size.They are nearly of an age. 他們基本同齡。They are nearly of the same age.21. These two Christmas trees are of _size, but the one they bought yesterday is maybe twice _size of them.A. the; theB. a; theC. a; aD. t

35、he; a寫作專練2. 用活不定冠詞a, an（P. 225)第3講 定冠詞the 的基本用法考點(diǎn)1. 與序數(shù)詞和最高級(jí)連用在表達(dá)“一年級(jí)”時(shí)，我們可以說：Grade One或the first grade?？梢钥闯觯河没鶖?shù)詞表示名稱時(shí)，基數(shù)詞放在名詞后面，名詞前面不用冠詞，且名詞和基數(shù)詞都要大寫；用序數(shù)詞表示名稱時(shí)，序數(shù)詞放在名詞前面，序數(shù)詞前要用冠詞，序數(shù)詞和名詞都小寫。1. 【1999全國】Paper money was in _ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in _ thirteenth century. A. th

36、e; /B. the; theC./; theD. /; /2. He is a student of _.A. class FirstB. the class one C. Class OneD. First Class3. We were so late getting to the theatre that we missed most of _.A. the act firstB. Act OneC. act firstD. first act4. He lived in _.A. the room 105B. the 105 roomC. the 105 of the room D.

37、 Room 105考點(diǎn)2. 表示樂器類名詞前用定冠詞球類、棋類等運(yùn)動(dòng)類名詞前不用冠詞, 而樂器類名稱前要用定冠詞。有人想了這個(gè)辦法，“搞體育的人總是衣冠不齊（沒有冠詞），而搞音樂的人衣冠整齊（有冠詞）。5. Tina，could you please play _ piano for me while Im singing？With pleasure.A. aB. anC. theD. /6. He can play almost every kind of music instrument but he is good _.A. at the fluteB. at fluteC. at a

38、flute D. at that flute考點(diǎn)3. 與形容詞或分詞連用, 指一類人the poor the rich the oldthe young the wounded the uneducatedthe injured the Chinese the Japanese有時(shí)也可表示具體的某個(gè)或某些。如：The wounded was a young boy.7. He wrote _ song, which turned out to be rather popular with _ young.A. the; theB. a; /C. a; theD. the; /8. The in

39、vestigators found that more should be done for _ in India.A. those poorB. a poorC. poorD. the poor9. The young nurse is kind to _ ill in the hospital.A. aB. anC. /D. the10. The living carried away the dead and the healthy helped _. A. the illB. the woundedC. the braveD. the rich考點(diǎn)4. 與姓氏復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用, 表示某某一

40、家人，或某某夫婦The Whites are chatting. 懷特一家人正在聊天.11. _ usually go to church every Sunday.A. The BrownB. A BrownC. BrownsD. The Browns12. 【1998上?！縒ho did you spend last weekend with? _. A. PalmersB. The Palmers C. The PalmersD. The Palmers考點(diǎn)5. 由兩個(gè)以上的普通名詞組成的專有名稱，一般要用定冠詞沙漠河流與群山，列島海峽與海灣, 階級(jí)黨派國家名，組織團(tuán)體與機(jī)關(guān)。（可以概括

41、為“政黨定江山”，也就是說表示“政黨”和“江山”一類的前面要用“定”冠詞。有點(diǎn)瑣碎，也可不記，僅用來參考。）注意：the 與山脈名詞連用; 在表示山或山峰的名詞前一般不用冠詞, 如Mount Tai 。但是在山脈的復(fù)數(shù)之前需要加the。如: the Alps （阿爾卑斯山）江河海洋：the Changjiang River, the Suez Canal, the Pacific Ocean山脈群島：the Tianshan Mountains, the Alps, the Zhoushan Archipelago海峽海灣：the English Channel, the Taiwan Str

42、aits國名：the United States, the United Kingdom, the Peoples Republic of China組織：the United Nations, the Ministry of Education, the No.2 Army Medical College建筑物：the National Gallery, the Peace Hotel, the Workers Gymnasium報(bào)紙、期刊：The Washington Post, the Daily Mail標(biāo)牌：the No.10 bus但：街道、廣場(chǎng)、公園、車站機(jī)場(chǎng)、橋梁、大學(xué)等一般不

43、用定冠詞。（可以概括為“城市設(shè)施”類。）街道：Nanjing Road, Fleet Street廣場(chǎng)：Tiananmen Square, Times Square公園：Beihai Park, Hyde Park車站、機(jī)場(chǎng)、橋梁：Paddington Station, Kennedy Airport, Golden Gate Bridge大學(xué)：Qinghua University, Yale University13. They sailed along _ Yellow River for two weeks before they arrived _ home.A. /; /B. the

44、; /C. the; theD. /; the14. 【2011陜西】As is know to all, _ Peoples Republic of China is _ biggest developing country in the world. A. the; / B. /; theC. the; the D. /; /15. From the top of _ Empire State Building, you could see up to _ distance of 130 kilometers on a clear day.A. the; theB. /; aC. an;

45、theD. the; a16. 【2013陜西】Marco Polo is said to have sailed on _ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in _ thirteenth century.A. the; a B. a; / C. /; theD. the; the考點(diǎn)6. 用在年代、朝代、時(shí)代名詞前the Tang Dynasty, the Spring and Autumn Period, in the 1870s 在19世紀(jì)70年代注意：in modern times, in the old days17. 【2012四川】We are

46、said to be living in _ Information Age, _ time of new discoveries and great changes.A. an; theB. /; theC. /; aD. the; a 18. Scientists hope to send an expedition to Mars during _.A. the 1990sB. the 1990C. 1990sD. 1990s考點(diǎn)7. 用在“by + the+單位名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中, 表示 “以單位計(jì)”The apples are sold by the kilo. 這些蘋果按公斤賣。The

47、workers are paid by the hour. 這些工人的工資是按小時(shí)計(jì)算的。19. Apples are usually sold by _ weight, and eggs are sometimes sold by _ dozen.A. the; theB. /; aC. /; theD. the; a20. How did you pay the workers?As a rule, they are paid _.A. by an yourB. by the hour C. by a hourD. by hours21. 【2011江西】Its said John wil

48、l be in a job paying over $60,000 _ year.Right, he will also get paid by _ week.A. the; theB. a; theC. the; aD. a; a考點(diǎn)8. hit/ strike /pull /seize /lead /catch+ sb. + by +the +部位The stone hit him in the face. I hit Tom on the nose/shoulder/head.He struck the thief in the eyes/face. She led the cow by

49、 the nose. I seized her by the hand/hair.22. He grabbed me _ and pulled me onto the bus.A. a armB. an armC. the armD. by the arm23. I didnt know why he looked angry when I patted him _.A. on the headB. on head C. on a headD. on his head24. A bullet hit the soldier and he was wounded in _ leg. A. aB.

50、 oneC. theD. his25. 【2008浙江】 _ apple fell from the tree and hit him on _ head.A. An; theB. The; theC. An; /D. The; /考點(diǎn)9. 表示方向的詞前面用定冠詞, 如：on the left, in the south26. The DMZ extends about two hundred kilometers _.A. from east to westB. from the east to westC. from the east to the westD. from eastern

51、 to western鏈接： the + 比較級(jí)，用于兩者（參看P. 40Error! Reference source not found.）He is the taller of the two soldiers. 寫作專練3. 掌握好名詞前用the的各種情況（P. 225）第4講 不用冠詞的情況考點(diǎn)1. 季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)日、假日和三餐前一般不加冠詞Childrens Day falls on June 1. 6月1日是兒童節(jié)。Spring comes after Winter. 冬去春來。注意：1. 中國節(jié)日，如：the Mid-Autumn Festival , the Sprin

52、g Festival，the Dragon Boat Festival, the Lantern Festival等前要用冠詞。 2. 如果季節(jié)、月份、星期和三餐有定語修飾時(shí), 就要加冠詞。比較：have breakfast與 have a light/big/heavy breakfast, on Sunday 與on a Sunday of May。He left the city in the autumn of 2001. (答疑qq )他是在2001年的秋天離開那座城市的。1. I go to work very early. I dont usually have _ breakfast, but I always eat _ good supper.A. /; aB. /; /C. the; /D. /; the2. After _ quick breakfast I hurried to _ school.A. /; /B. a; /C. the; theD. the; /3. I came here