1、.名詞含義：表示人、事物、地方、現(xiàn)象或抽象概念等的名稱的詞。一、名詞的分類類別意義表示具體的人名、 事物、國家、專有名詞地名、機(jī)構(gòu)、團(tuán)體等的專有名名稱可個體表示單個人的人或事物數(shù)名詞名集合表示一群人或一些事物的總普名詞稱詞通不物質(zhì)表示無法分為個體的物質(zhì)名名詞詞可詞數(shù)抽象名表示抽象概念的詞名詞詞例詞jim , china, qingdao, theuk,the great wallgirl,student,factory,desk, cat , country people, police, team, clothes, group, crew water, ice, pork, cheese,

2、 cotton, broccolifun, healthy, happiness, courage, love, care注： 1.專有名詞是指人、地方、團(tuán)體、機(jī)構(gòu)等特有的名稱。第一個字母必須大寫。專有名詞前一般不加冠詞。2、有普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前要用定冠詞“ the，”但它不大寫。3、有些不可數(shù)名詞有時表示為具體的東西時，則變?yōu)榭蓴?shù)名詞，而且意思上也有了變化。eg： beer -a beer 一杯啤酒work- a work工廠，著作glass-a glass一個玻璃杯room 空間 -a room 一個房間二、名詞的數(shù)：表示可以計算數(shù)目的人或物稱為可數(shù)名詞?？蓴?shù)名詞有單、復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式：

3、可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式要在名詞前加 “a或 an”；復(fù)數(shù)形式是在名詞后加 “-s 或 -es”。名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種1、可數(shù)名詞的規(guī)則變化：當(dāng)名詞為：詞尾變化例詞一般情況chips,jeeps, pats , clocks加 sboys, sharpeners, sofas, drawers以 s,x,ch,sh 結(jié)加 eswatches, boxes, classes, brushes尾的單詞以字母 o 結(jié)尾加 s 或 eszoos, photos, bamboos,的單詞tomatoes, potatoes, heroes,以輔音字母 +y去 y 變 idictionarie

4、s, strawberries,結(jié)尾的單詞加 es去 f 或 fe以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾變 v加leaves, wives, halves的單詞es以 th 結(jié)尾的詞加 smouths, paths; months, deaths2. 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化 改變單數(shù)名詞中的元音字母;.eg. man-men, woman women, tooth teeth, foot feet, mouse-mice 復(fù)數(shù)同形eg. chinese-chinese, deer-deer, fish-fish, sheep-sheep, 由 man 和 woman 構(gòu)成的合成 , 每個名 都要 復(fù)數(shù)eg.

5、 a man doctor men doctors, a woman teacher-women teachers注: 有些名詞表示一種物體具有不可分割的相同的兩部分 , 在使用時只有復(fù)數(shù)形式 eg. trousers, clothes, glasses, shorts, etc;有些名詞從形式上看是復(fù)數(shù), 實(shí)際上是單數(shù) ( 其后的謂語動詞要用單數(shù)).eg. maths , physics, politics, news3. 不可數(shù)名 ： 表示不能 算數(shù)目的人或物， 稱 不可數(shù)名 。 他 前面不能用 a/an,沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。物 名 和抽象名 都屬于不可數(shù)名 。不可數(shù)名 一般只有 數(shù)形式, 但有

6、其特殊用法 :(1) 同一個 , 成復(fù)數(shù)形式 , 意 不同。 eg. food 食物 - foods 各種食物， time 時間 - times 代， green 色 -greens 青菜(2) 有些不可數(shù)名 用復(fù)數(shù)代指具體的事物eg. hope -hopes 希望hardship - hardships 苦(3) 物 名 在表示數(shù)量 ,常用某個量 +of 來表示eg. a cup of tea, seven pieces of bread, several bags of rice 三、名 的所有格名 的所有格是表示名 之 的所有關(guān)系 ,有兩種表示形式 , 一種是在名 后 +s；另一種是用

7、of, 表示 “的”。1. (1)一般 的所有格 , 直接在 尾加s。 eg. mr. mott s robot, children s clothes(2)以 s 尾的名 所有格只在 尾加。eg. teachers books(3) 兩人共有的物體 , 在第二個名 后 + s;如果分 是兩人所有 , 在每個名 后面 加 s。 eg. lucy and lilys room指.兩(人共住一個房 )mrs green s and mrsbrown s son.指(兩人各自的兒子)(4) 表示某具體 所 , 所有格后面的名 可省略eg. the doctor s (office)mr. white

8、s2.(1) 沒有生命的事物一般用of 短 來表示所屬關(guān)系。eg. the wall of the classroom ， a picture of the bedroom ，(2) 名 的的定 ,有生命的事物也可用 of 短 表示。 eg. a long story of a 50-year-old man(4)雙重所有格 eg. a friend of his,the big nose of toms(5)有些表示 、距離、國家、城市等無生命的 西的名 ，也可以加s來構(gòu)成所有格。eg. ten minutes walk, today s newspaper例題解析：舉一反三，學(xué)的更輕松！1

9、.they got much _ from those new books.a. ideasb. photosc. news d. stories解析 : much是用來修 不可數(shù)名 的 , a b d三個 均是可是名 的復(fù)數(shù)形式, c 項(xiàng)為不可數(shù)名 ,因此 c.2.i have two _ and three bottles of _ here.a. orange, orangeb. oranges, orangesc. oranges, oranged. orange, oranges;.解析 : orange 有兩種含義 , 一種可數(shù)名詞橘子 , 另一種是不可數(shù)名詞橘汁 , 此題第一空應(yīng)

10、填可數(shù)名詞 , 第二空填不可數(shù)名詞 , 因此選 c。3. every evening m r. king takes a _ tohis home .a. 25 minutes walkb. 25 minute s walkc. 25 minute walkd. 25 minutes walk解析 : 句中的minute 應(yīng)該用其復(fù)數(shù)的所有格形式,只 +,而不能 +s,因此選 a 。4. an old _ wants to see you.a. peopleb. personc. the peopled. the person解析 : person 與 people 都有 ”人 ” 的意思 ,

11、 但用法不同 .“個人一 ”用 “a person ”,“兩個人 ” 用 “ two persons ” ; people泛指 “人們 ”是集合名詞 ,表示復(fù)數(shù) , the people 指 “人民 ” , a people 指 “一個民族 ” .應(yīng)選 b 。5. help yourself to _.a. chickens and applesb. chickens and applec. chicken and appled. chicken and apples解析 : chicken 可用作可數(shù)名詞指小雞, 用作不可數(shù)名詞指雞肉,根據(jù)詞題意應(yīng)理解為雞肉 ;apple 為可數(shù)名詞 , 故

12、應(yīng) +s, 因此選 d。6. oh, dear. i forgot the two _.a. room s numberb. rooms numberc. room numbersd. rooms numbers解析 : room number 房間號碼 . room 可直接用作定語修飾后面的名詞. 類似的還有myphsics teacher,two bus drivers 等 .應(yīng)選 c。7. she has been in tianjin for ten years. tianjin has become her second _.a. familyb. housec. homed. ro

13、om解析 : family 指的是家庭或是家庭成員 ; house 指的是房子 (住所 ); room 指的是房間 ;而 home 指的是家 , 因此選 c.8. _ mothers couldn t go to the meeting, because they have gone to shanghai .a. mary and peter sb. mary and peterc. mary s and peterd. mary s and peters解析 : 此句中“mothers是”復(fù)數(shù) ,表示兩個人各自的母親,因此應(yīng)選d。9. li lei has been to _ many t

14、imes this month.a. her uncleb. her uncle s c. her unclesd. aunt s解析 : 此句意為 “李雷這個去她舅舅家多次 ”.表示具體場所時 , 可省去所有格后面的名詞 . 因此選 b。10. he is a success as a leader but he hasn t _ in teaching.a. many experiencesb. much experiencec. an experienced. a lot experience解析 : experience 作 “經(jīng)驗(yàn) ” 講時是不可數(shù)名詞 , 作 “經(jīng)歷 ”講時是可數(shù)名

15、詞 . 本句中應(yīng)理解為 “經(jīng)驗(yàn) ”,因此是不可數(shù)名詞 ,排除 a c. 又因 a lot of , lots of, plenty of 只用于肯定句 , 不用于否定句 , 因此選 b 。11. a classmate of _ was here ten minutes ago.a. youb. yourc. your sisterd. your sisters解析 : 此題考查名詞的雙重所有格.應(yīng)選 d。12. a group of _ are talking with two _.a. frenchmen, germansb. germans ,frenchmansc. frenchman

16、s , germend. germen , frenchmen;.解析 :frenchman 是復(fù)合 ,其復(fù)數(shù)形式 frenchmen; german 的復(fù)數(shù) 直接在 末尾+s, 應(yīng)選 a.13.the team _having a meeting .a. isb. arec. amd. be解析 : team 是一個集合名 ,即可表示復(fù)數(shù)意 (指整個小 ) , 也可指小 中的成 (表示復(fù)數(shù)), 此 意 后者 , 因此 b。14.“ would you like _?“”, please.”a. drink, three coffeesb. a cup of drink, coffeesc.

17、a drink, a coffeed. a drink, three cups of coffees解析 : drink 和 coffee 是不可數(shù)名 , 可以用 of 來表示數(shù)量 , eg, three cups of coffee, 當(dāng)前面加 a 時 , 表示 “一杯 ”因此 c。15. the great wall was made not only by _, but also the flesh and blood of _ men.a.earth and stone, millions ofb. earths and stones, millionsc. the earth and

18、 stone, million ofd. the earths and stones, millions解析： earth 是不可數(shù)名 ，因此 除b d, 數(shù)以百萬的 millions of .因此 a 。練習(xí)與鞏固：熟能生巧，取得好成績！ 最佳答案：1 last night, there was a food accident. the _ were ill, but no _ were lost.a. child, livesb. children, lifec. children, livesd. child, life2. -this is a photo of _ when they

19、 were young.-ok, how happy they both looked!a. my father and motherb. my mother and fathersc. my mothers and fathersd.my fathers and my mother3. the new student is in _ , grade two.a. class thirdb. third classc. class threed. three classth4. today is september 10 . its _ day. lets go and buy some fl

20、owers for our teachers.a. teachersb. teachersc. the teachersd. teachers5. the market isnt far from here. its only _ bicycle ride.a.half an hoursb. half an hoursc. half an hourd. an hour and a half6. - what would you like to drink, girls?- _, please.a.two cup of coffeeb. two cups of coffec. two cups

21、of coffeed. two cups of coffees7.during christmas, people get together and sing christmas songs for _.a. funb. wishesc. interestd. thanks8.some _ are flying kites near the river.a. childb. boyc. boysd. childs9.after the exam, well have_ holiday.a. two weeksb. two-weeksc. two weeksd. two weeks10. the

22、y are those _ bags.please put them on the bus.a. visitorb. visitorsc. visitorsd. visitors;.11.- how many workers are there in your factory?- there are two _.a. hundredsb. hundredc. hundred ofd. hundreds of12. -what do you think of the _ the moonlight sonata by beethoven?- it sounds really wonderful.

23、a. subjectb. musicc. bookd. animal13. there is not enough _ in the corner for the fridge.a. placeb. roomc. fieldd. ground14. _ comes from sheep and some people like eating ita. woolb. porkc. muttond. milk15. if you dont take more _, youll get fat.a. medicineb. lessonsc. photosd. exercise16. my schoo

24、l is about twenty _ walk from here.a. minuteb. minutesc. minutessd. minutes17. mum, i have _ to tell you!a. a good newsb. some good newsc. some good newesd. much good news18. which is the _ to the post office?a. streetb. wayc. roadd. address19. i stayed at _ last sunday.a. my unclesb. my unclesc. my

25、 unclesd. my uncles family20. maths _ not easy to learn.a. areb. isc. amd. were1-5cbcbb6-10 caccd11-15 abbcd16-20 bbbcb冠詞冠詞分為不定冠詞 (a, an )和定冠詞(the)一、不定冠詞的用法1) 用與可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式前,指人或事物的某一種類：例如：she is a girl.pass me an apple , please.2) 、指某人或某物 ,但不具體說明何人或何物。例如：a boy is waiting for you we work six days a wee

26、k.3). 表示“一 ”這個數(shù)量 ,但數(shù)的概念沒有one 強(qiáng)烈 .例如 :we are going to have an english lesson tomorrow.i have a mouth , a nose, two eyes and two ears.4). 用于某些固定的詞組中.例如 :a few, a little, a lot of注: 用 a 還是 an, 要看后面的詞讀音以輔音開頭還是以元音開頭.二、定冠詞的用法1) 特指某 (些 )人或某 ( 些)物 .例如 : the photo of the boy2) 指雙方都知道的人或物 .例如 :-where are the

27、new books, jim?- they are on the small table.;.3) 指上文提過的人或物 .例如 : today he is making a machine.he wants to ride the machine like a bike and fly it like a plane.4). 用在世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物前.例如 :the sun is bigger than the moon.5). 用在序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級前.例如 :the first truck is carrying a few baskets.the third one is carry

28、ing the fewest of all.6). 用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前 .例如 :the great wallthe north street hospital7). 用在一些習(xí)慣用語中.例如 :in the morning (afternoon, evening),on the left(right)at the end of三、不用冠詞的情況1）在專有名詞前和不可數(shù)名詞前。例如：china, grade two, bill smith, milk2）名詞前已有作定語用的this, that, my, your, some, any 等代詞。例如：the letter is in

29、 her pocket.i think the shop is closed at this time of day.3）復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人或事物時。例如：my father and mother are teachers.i like cakes.4）在星期、月份、季節(jié)、節(jié)日前。例如：it is sunday (monday, tuesday, etc.)today is mid-autumn day.it is cold in winter.5）在稱呼語或表示頭銜的名詞前。例如：uncle wang likes making things.what colour are mrs green

30、 s shoes?6）在三餐飯和球類運(yùn)動的名稱前。例如：he went to school after breakfast.can you play basketball?注：在某些固定詞組中，如：at home, by bus, go to school 等的名詞前不用冠詞。例題解析：舉一反三，學(xué)的更輕松！1. _ milk is food. _ milk in this cup has gone bad.2. -do you like playing _ football?-yes. but i have only _ basketball.3. do you know _girl on

31、_another side of _ lake?4.there s _ “ u” and _“ s” in _work“ use ”.5.she says _animals cant s live without _air, either.;.6. his father, who is _honest man, is teaching in _ university.7. which is heavier, _elephant or _ horse?8. _ cold wind was blowing from the north.9. he is always ready to help _

32、 old and _ young.10. _ greens are traveling in _ south china.11. although _ most of us like to drink beer, those who drink _most are _least healthy.12.xiaomei saw _ interesting film last night. _ film was about _ kind doctor.13. you can have _ second try if you fail _ first time.14. tom went to _ sc

33、hool as usual, but he didn knowt his father went to_school for a parent meeting.15. _ knowledge begins with _ practice.解析： /, the (milk 是物質(zhì)名詞，一般不用冠詞，但后面加上一個定語in the cup 后，使其成為特指，所以需要用定冠詞the.)2. / , the (球類運(yùn)動前不用the ;指一個物體要用不定冠詞a )3. the,/, the ( 特指這個女孩用the;名詞前已有定語 another;)4. a, an, the ( “ u”發(fā)音以輔音開頭

34、所以用a; “ s發(fā)”音以元音開頭所以用an;特指這個單詞用the)5. /,/ ( 泛指動物所以不用任何冠詞; air 不可數(shù)名詞，其前一般不用冠詞)6. an, the ( honest 發(fā)音以元音開頭，故用an, 在大學(xué)里為 in the university)7. an, a 或 the ,the ( 不定冠詞 a , an 和 定冠詞 the 與名詞單數(shù)連用表示種類)8. a (物質(zhì)名詞 coffee, food, tea, fog, rain, snow, wind 等，在表示“一種 ”或 “一場 ”的意義時，前面要加不定冠詞。9. the, the ( 形容詞前加定冠詞，表示一類

35、人)10. the ,/ ( 姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)前加定冠詞the 表示一家人；在華南是in south china)11. /, the, the ( most 當(dāng)大多數(shù)講時前面不用the；后兩空均為形容詞的最高級，前面要加the)12. a, the, a ( 第一空和第三空都指一個事物，第二空是特指前面提到的電影)13. a, the (a second try 指的是第二次 )14./, the (go to school 去上學(xué)，go to the school 去那所學(xué)校 )15./,/ (具有單純意義的物質(zhì)名詞或抽象名詞前，一般不用冠詞)練習(xí)與鞏固：熟能生巧，取得好成績！一、在空白處填入a

36、 / an 或 the。1. -mum, what shall we have for _dinner?-dumplings.-oh, what _ wonderful dinner! i enjoy it very much.2. _ pla was founded on _august 1 st,19273. _ kings came to us at _ noon.4. the scientists from _ united states live in _ ninth street.5.the doctor to him,“ take _ medicine twice _dayin.

37、 staybed andyou ll be better soon.”6.september 10th is _ teachers day.;.7. mr black arrived here on _ tuesday morning.8. there are four seasons in _year. _ first season is spring. it is _ best one of _ four.9. some people have been to _moon, in _ spaceship.10. _ china is _ old country with _ long hi

38、story答案1. /, a 2. the, / 3.the , /4. the, the5. the, a, /6. /7. /8. a, the ,the , the 9.the, /10./,an,/ a二、選擇填空：a. /b. ac. and. the1. they are living _happy life now.2. _bag on _desk is mine.3. there is _empty box on the table.4.do you like _music of the film“ titanic”?5. on _saturday, i stay in _be

39、d till 12:00.6. _browns have been to china twice.7. don t make any noise in _class.8. this is such _interesting story that you must listen to it.9. next week they will go to australia by _air.10. which is bigger, _sun or _moon?key: 1-5 bdcda6-10 dacad三、在空白處填入a / an 或 the。1. this morning i bought _ n

40、ewspaper and _ magazine. _ newspaper is in my bag but i don t know where i put _ magazine.2. i saw _ accident this morning. _ car crashed into _ tree. _ driver of_ car wasn t hurt but _ car was badly damaged.3. there are two cars parked outside: _ blue one and _ grey one. _ blue one ismy neighbour s

41、; i don t know who _ owner of _ grey one is.4. my friends live in _ old house in _ small village. there is _ beautiful garden behind _ house. i would like to have _ garden like that.1 a ,a, the the2.an, a, a, the ,the, the3. a, a, the the, the4. an, a, a, the, a代詞一、代詞的分類英語中常把代詞分為人稱代詞、無主代詞、 反身代詞、 指示代

42、詞、 疑問代詞、連接代詞、不定代詞和相互代詞。二、代詞的用法1 人稱代詞：人稱代詞是指人的代詞，有性、數(shù)、格的區(qū)別。表示“我 ” 你“” 他“” 我“們” 你“們 ” 他“們 ”。請看下表：數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)格主格賓格主格賓格人 稱第一人稱wemeweus第二人稱youyouyouyou;.hehim第三人稱shehertheythemitit(1) 人稱代詞主格在句中作主語。例如：she is my english teacher.(2) 賓格在句中作賓語。例如： they don t want me to go there alone. don t worry. i can look after

43、her.(3) 賓格還可以作賓格。特別是在口語中。例如：- who s that?- it s me.注意：人稱代詞we, you, they 可以用來表示一般人。例如：you cannot go into the hall with slippers.不準(zhǔn)穿拖鞋進(jìn)入大廳。人稱代的主格作表語，一般都在正中的談話中，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。例如：it was he who took away the necklace.是他拿走了那條項(xiàng)鏈。人稱代詞she 可以用指代祖國、大地、月亮、輪船等。例如：the ship is leaving. she s on her first trip to 輪boston船要起

44、.航了。這時她第一次去波士頓。we love our country, we hope she ll be stronger and stronger我們熱愛.我們的祖國，我們希望她越來越強(qiáng)大。 it 作為人稱代詞時，可以表示天氣、距離、時間、環(huán)境等。例如：it is about 10 kilometres from here.離這兒大約有10 公里。 it 還可用作形式主語或形式賓語，來代替由不定式，動詞的 -ing, 形式或主語從句構(gòu)成的真正的主語或賓語，以避免句子頭重腳輕。例如：it is not easy to learn english well.it is good for you

45、 taking a walk after supper.i found it difficult to sleep.英語里當(dāng)主語是并列的幾個人時，人稱代詞的排列順序和漢語不同，i 在最后，you 在最前；但是，當(dāng)受到批評或時承認(rèn)錯誤時正好相反，i 在最前，you 在最后。例如：you, he and i are all the winners.i, li lei and you are wrong. we should do more for the project.2物主代詞：表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞包括名詞性物主代詞和形容詞性物主代詞。詞 義我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他

46、 /她 /類 型它們的形容詞性物主代詞myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名 詞性物主代詞mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs（1）形容詞性物主代詞在句中具有形容詞的特征。在句中作定語，后面跟名詞。例如：to our surprise, he has passed the exam.(2) 名詞性的物主代詞具有名詞的特征，在句中作主語、表語、賓語。例如：may i use your bike? mine is at school.(作主語 )whose glasses are these? they are hers.( 作表語 )my dic

47、tionary is lost. can i use yours?(作賓語 )(3) 名詞性物主代詞可以與of 連用，作定語。例如： a friend of ours are waiting for us.3反身帶詞：用來表示“某人自己 ”的代詞稱為反身代詞。如下表所示：;.詞我 (們 )自己你 (們 )自己他/ 她/ 它 自 己 / 他 們 自 己義單 數(shù)myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself復(fù) 數(shù)ourselvesyourselvesthemselves（ 1）反身代 在句中常用 ,主 或 的同位 。例如：her sister is too young to dress herself. ( 作 )he himself is always making such mistakes. ( 主 同位 )you d better ask your wife herself. 賓( 同位 )(2) 反身代 可與其他 構(gòu)成固定搭配，例如：make onese