,Unit 3 The Earth,高頻詞匯 Earth n. 地球 protect prtekt v. 保護(hù)；警戒 provide prvad v. 提供，準(zhǔn)備 burn bn v.燃燒 pollute plut v. 污染【n. pollution】 kill kl v. 殺死 must mst aux. 必須 important mpt()nt adj. 重要的 few fju adj. 很少的 / pron. 代詞,核心語(yǔ)法 可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞 There be句型,可數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞,可數(shù)名詞 （之前可直接加不定冠詞a/an）,變化形式（一般）,可數(shù)名詞,變化形式（特殊） Man-men Woman-women Policeman-policemen Policewoman-policewomen Snowman-snowmen Mouse-mice Child-children Foot-feet Tooth-teeth,單復(fù)數(shù)同形 Fish, deer, sheep, Chinese, news, goods, Japanese,只有復(fù)數(shù)形式 Trousers, pants, shorts, glasses, scales,形單意復(fù)(集體名詞) People, police, cattle, staff,不可數(shù)名詞 （前面不可加不定冠詞a/an）,表示很多的不可數(shù)名詞：數(shù)量詞+of a piece of bread（ paper(紙), cloth(布), coal(煤), news(新聞), advice(意見(jiàn)), information(信息), , meat(肉) ） two/three/four/ pieces of an item of information 一則情報(bào) a slip of paper 一張紙條 a length of cloth 一段布料 a cake of soap 一塊肥皂 a tube of tooth-paste 一條牙膏 a bottle of ink 一瓶墨水,不可數(shù)名詞,最常見(jiàn)的不可數(shù)名詞 Advice（建議）, baggage（行李）, change(零錢), furniture（家具）, hair（頭發(fā)）, homework（回家作業(yè)）, information（信息）, knowledge（知識(shí)）, luggage（行李）,money（錢）,news（消息）,progress（進(jìn)步）,traffic（交通）,fun（樂(lè)趣）,weather（天氣）,music（音樂(lè)）,Health（健康）,luck（好運(yùn)）,water（水）,time（時(shí)間）,rain（雨）,truth（真相）,ice（冰）,既可數(shù)又不可數(shù),表示數(shù)量時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞，表示種類時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞 chicken，salad, ice cream, food, fish, fruit,There be 句型,用法,1、主謂一致 1) 當(dāng)動(dòng)詞be后所接的名詞是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，be 應(yīng)該取單數(shù)is；當(dāng)其后所接的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，be用復(fù)數(shù)are。 例如： Theres a man at the door.門口有個(gè)人。 There is some apple juice in the bottle. 瓶子里有些蘋果汁。 There are some strangers in the street.大街上有一些陌生人。 2) 如果There be 后面是幾個(gè)并列名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞be的形式和最靠近它的那個(gè)名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。 例如： There is an apple and two oranges on the desk. 桌子上有一個(gè)蘋果和兩個(gè)橘子。 There are two oranges and an apple on the desk. 桌子上有兩個(gè)橘子和一個(gè)蘋果。,用法,2、There be句型中的不同時(shí)態(tài) 1) There be 句型中動(dòng)詞be可以有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、將來(lái)時(shí)和完成時(shí)。 例如： There is no harm in trying.不妨一試。 There were fabulous wildflowers in the hills last spring. 去年春天，山中有極美的野花。 There will be a fine day tomorrow. 明天將是一個(gè)晴天。 There have been several private schools in our area this year.今年，我們這里已經(jīng)有好幾所私立學(xué)校了。 2) There be 句型可以和各種助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用。 例如： There may be a cigarette in that box.那只盒子里或許有支香煙。There must be some cakes on the table.桌子上一定有些蛋糕。 There used to be a hospital there before the war.戰(zhàn)前，那里曾經(jīng)有家醫(yī)院。,用法,3、There be 句型也可以和這樣一些的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞連用：be going to 、seem to 、appear to 、used to、be likely to 、happen to . 例如： There seem to be a few trees between me and the green. 在我與草坪之間好像有一些樹(shù)。 There is gong to be a meeting tonight.今天晚上有個(gè)會(huì)議。 There is likely to be a storm.可能有一場(chǎng)暴雨。 There happened to be a bus nearby.碰巧附近有輛公交車。 There appears to have been a nasty accident.似乎發(fā)生了一起嚴(yán)重事故,用法,4、there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中除可以用be 外，還可以用其它動(dòng)詞。 例如： There came a scent of lime-blossom.飄來(lái)一陣菩提樹(shù)的花香。 Once upon a time there lived a king in China.從前中國(guó)有一個(gè)國(guó)王。,There be 句型的否定句、一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句和反意疑問(wèn)句,否定句 1)Be+ not There isnt (=is not) a box in the room. 房間里沒(méi)有盒子。 There arent (= are not) any pens on the desk.課桌上沒(méi)有鋼筆。 2)be+ no There is no water in the bottle. 瓶子里沒(méi)有水。 There are no pictures on the wall.墻上沒(méi)有圖畫(huà)。,There be 句型的否定句、一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句和反意疑問(wèn)句,一般疑問(wèn)句 1) Is there a cake on the table? 桌子上有塊蛋糕嗎？ Yes，there is. / No，there isnt.是，有。/ 不，沒(méi)有。 2) Are there apples in the desk? 桌子里有蘋果嗎？ Yes, there are./ No, there arent. 是，有。/ 不，沒(méi)有。 3) Will there be a party tonight？今晚有聚會(huì)嗎？ Yes，there will./ No, there wont 是的，有。/ 不，沒(méi)有。 4) Have there been any letters from your mother lately?近日你媽媽有信來(lái)嗎？ Yes，there have./ No, there havent.是，有的。/ 不，沒(méi)有。,There be 句型的否定句、一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句和反意疑問(wèn)句,特殊疑問(wèn)句： How many(可數(shù))/ How much(不可數(shù)) 1) How many students are there in your school?你們學(xué)校有多少學(xué)生？ There are 200 students in my school.我們學(xué)校有200名學(xué)生。/ There is 1 student in my school. 我們學(xué)習(xí)只有1名學(xué)生。 2) How much money is there in your pocket?你口袋里有多少錢? There is 15 yuan in my pocket.,There be 句型的否定句、一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句和反意疑問(wèn)句,反義疑問(wèn)句 There is a cup on the table, isnt there?桌子上有只杯子，是嗎？ There is some orange in the glass, isnt there?杯子里有桔汁，是嗎? There are a lot of letters in the mailbox, arent there?郵筒里有很多信件，是嗎？ There will be a new hospital nearby, wont there?附近要建一家新醫(yī)院，是嗎?,練習(xí),1. There is an English dictionary on the table. (變復(fù)數(shù)) There are English dictionaries on the table. 2. There are many people in the street. (一般疑問(wèn)句) Are there many people in the street? 3. There are a lot of students in the fileds. (一般疑問(wèn)句) Are there a lot of students in the files? 4. There is an apple on the desk. （特