科技英語(yǔ)翻譯的基本方法和技巧,定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯,合譯法,譯成定語(yǔ) The microorganism which causes disease is pathogenic. 引起疾病的微生物是細(xì)菌。 The way which the human mind works is almost impossible to copy. 人類思維方式幾乎是不可以復(fù)制的。 The people who study ecosystem are called ecologists. 那些從事生態(tài)系統(tǒng)研究的人被稱作生態(tài)學(xué)家。 A modem is a device which conncts a computer via telephone lines to other computers. 調(diào)制解調(diào)器是把一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)通過(guò)電話線同其他計(jì)算機(jī)相連接的一種裝置。 In modern industry many substances are used which have been found to do great harm to man. 現(xiàn)代工業(yè)使用許多對(duì)人體有很大危害的物質(zhì)。,譯成謂語(yǔ) New electron tubes could be built that worked at much higher voltages. 如今制造的電子管，工作電壓要高得多。 A strict vegetarian is a person who never in his life eats anything derived from animals. 嚴(yán)格的素食者終生都不食用動(dòng)物性食品。 Scientists have found the detective gene that causes a rare, heritable disorder. 科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)基因缺陷會(huì)引起一種罕見(jiàn)的遺傳疾病。 There is no place on earth where the days are longer in winter than in summer. 地球上任何地方冬天的白晝都比夏天長(zhǎng)。 Strength, hardness and plasticity of emtals are the properties that make them so useful for industry. 金屬的強(qiáng)度、硬度和可塑性這些性能使它們?cè)诠I(yè)上得到廣泛應(yīng)用。,分譯法,譯成并列分句 重復(fù)關(guān)系代詞所代的名詞，有時(shí)還可以在名詞之前加指示代詞“這”或“該”。 At present hundreds of millions of tons of diverse substances which are a source of harm to the health of people, plantlife, and useful microorganisms are discharged to the atmosphere. 目前，成千上萬(wàn)噸各種各樣物質(zhì)排入大氣，這些物質(zhì)實(shí)際上是對(duì)人類健康、植物生存、以及有用的微生物產(chǎn)生危害的根源。 Electronic communication is a network that connects everyone to everyone else and provides just about any sort of electronic communication imaginable. 信息高速公路是一種電子通訊網(wǎng)絡(luò)，這一網(wǎng)絡(luò)把所有的人互相聯(lián)系起來(lái)，并可提供任意一種人們想得到的電子通訊方式。,The earth is a large ecosystem in which plants, animals, insects and humans all depend on one another in some way. 地球是一個(gè)大型的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，在這個(gè)系統(tǒng)中動(dòng)物、植物、昆蟲(chóng)以及人類在一定程度上都相互依存。 Heart and vessels form a complete circle, through which the blood flows. 心臟和脈管形成一個(gè)完整的循環(huán)，血液通過(guò)這一循環(huán)而流動(dòng)。 Air is a mixture of gases, of which oxygen forms 21% by volume. 空氣是一種氣體混合物，氧氣占空氣體積的21%。,關(guān)系代詞譯成“它”、“它們”等。 Allliving things are made of very small cells, whose form can be seen with the aid of a microscope. 所有生命體都由極小的細(xì)胞構(gòu)成，借助顯微鏡可以看到其形狀。 The control unit is an important part of the computer, which can cause the machine to operate according to mans wishes. 控制器是計(jì)算機(jī)的重要部分，它能使計(jì)算機(jī)按人們的意愿進(jìn)行操作。 The deep sea is a highly preserving environment where the water temperature is just a few degrees centigrade and little light can penetrate. 深海是一個(gè)非常封閉的環(huán)境，那兒的溫度只有幾攝氏度，很少有光能穿透。 The base is the foundation of all machines and is the part on which all other parts are mounted. 底座是所有機(jī)器的基礎(chǔ)，也是一個(gè)部件，其他部件都裝在它上面。,當(dāng)從句具有轉(zhuǎn)折意義時(shí)，除重復(fù)關(guān)系代詞所代的名詞之外，還須加連詞“而”、“但”、“可是”等。 Matter is composed of molecules that are composed of atoms. 物質(zhì)是由分子構(gòu)成的，而分子又是由原子構(gòu)成的。 A metal will bear beating with a hammer, which a stone will not. 金屬經(jīng)得起錘子的敲打，而石頭卻不能。 Mechanical energy is changed into electric energy, which in turn is changed into mechanical energy. 機(jī)械能轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殡娔?，而電能又轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闄C(jī)械能。 Fine grains of dust can reflect blue light, which coarse grains of dust can not. 微?；覊m能反射藍(lán)光，但粗?；覊m卻不能。 Hydraulic copying make it suitable for the aerospace industry, which was then still developing in Europe. 液壓仿形適合于宇航工業(yè)，但這種工業(yè)當(dāng)時(shí)在歐洲尚處于發(fā)展階段。,當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，說(shuō)明整個(gè)主句，對(duì)主句的內(nèi)容作補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明、總結(jié)、概括或承上啟下的作用時(shí)，可譯成指示代詞“這”。 Rubber is a light, elastic, durable and water-resistant material, which makes rubber industry very important. 橡膠質(zhì)輕、有彈性、耐用而且防水，這使得橡膠工業(yè)十分重要。 Miniaturization means making things small in size, which is of great importance for the development of the electronics industry. 小型化意味著縮小東西的尺寸，這對(duì)電子工業(yè)的發(fā)展極為重要。 Internet is very useful in modern life, which is known to everybody. 因特網(wǎng)在現(xiàn)代生活中非常重要，這是眾所周知的。 When fuels burn, chemical energy changes into light and heat energy, which agrees with the law of conservation of energy. 燃料燃燒時(shí)，化學(xué)能就轉(zhuǎn)化為光和熱能，這和能量守衡定律是一致的。,如果關(guān)系代詞which與其在主句所修飾的詞能夠順序說(shuō)明，表達(dá)清楚時(shí)，可省略不譯。 Live-wire operation is an advanced technique by which linsmen can repair transmission without cutting off the current. 帶電作業(yè)是一項(xiàng)先進(jìn)技術(shù)，線路工人能不切斷電流就修理輸電線。 It is called the north pole of the magnet, which is usually marked N. 這就叫磁體的北極，通常用N 表示。 In most parts of the sea, there are millions of tiny living things that can be hadly seen with our eyes. 在大部分海域里，生存著無(wú)數(shù)的微生物，我們用眼睛看不見(jiàn)。 When the free electrons in a conductor move in one direction only, the current thus established is called a direct current, which is often abbreviated to DC. 當(dāng)導(dǎo)體的自由電子只以一個(gè)方向運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)，這樣產(chǎn)生的電流叫做直流電，?？s寫為DC 。,譯成狀語(yǔ)從句 譯成原因狀語(yǔ)從句 Vegetarianism is definitely unsatisfactory for growing children, who need more protein than they can get from vegetable sources. 對(duì)正在發(fā)育的兒童來(lái)說(shuō)，素食肯定是不可取的，因?yàn)樗麄冃枰牡鞍踪|(zhì)不可能全從植物類食品中獲得。 Iron is not as strong as steel which is an alloy of iron with some other elements. 鐵的強(qiáng)度不如鋼的高，因?yàn)殇撌氰F和其他一些元素形成的合金。 A cat, whose eyes can take in more rays of light than our eyes, can see things clearly in the night. 因?yàn)樨埖难劬Ρ任覀內(nèi)说难劬δ芪崭嗟墓饩€，所以貓?jiān)谝估锬馨褨|西看得很清楚。 The computer, which seems to play the role of a human brain, is often called an electronic brain. 由于電子計(jì)算機(jī)起著類似人腦的作用，所以常稱為電腦。,譯成結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句 Copper, which is used so widely for carrying electricity, offers very little resistance. 銅的電阻很小，所以廣泛用來(lái)輸電。 Molecules have perfect elasticity, in consequence of which they undergo no loss of energy after a collision. 分子可任意膨脹，所以在碰撞后并沒(méi)有能量損失。 Scientists have developed a second generation of the blood substitute that solves the problem of blood storage. 科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)研制出第二代血液代用品，從而解決了血液的貯存問(wèn)題。 In 1952 London had a very bad four-day smog in which 4000 bronchitis sufferers died. 1952年，倫敦曾連續(xù)四天煙霧彌漫，結(jié)果造成4000名支氣管患者死亡。,譯成目的狀語(yǔ)從句 Many universities have “closed-circuit” television equipment that will telecast lectures and demonstrations to hundreds of students in different classrooms. 許多大學(xué)都配備了“閉路”電視設(shè)備，以便為各個(gè)教室的千百個(gè)學(xué)生進(jìn)行電視講授和演示。 The workers oil the moving parts of these machines regularly, the friction of which may be greatly reduced. 工人們定期給這些機(jī)器的傳動(dòng)部分加油，以便大大減小摩擦。 Agricultural researchers are stepping up efforts to develop heat-resistant and drought-resistant crops that might replace traditional crops if the climate changes. 農(nóng)業(yè)研究人員正加緊努力培育抗熱和抗旱的作物，以便在氣候變暖時(shí)取代傳統(tǒng)作物。 It needs clear hierarchies of information. It needs principles of organization that will at least suggest the reliability of the sources. 我們有必要將信息加以清楚地分級(jí)，并需要嚴(yán)格的組織原則以提高信息源的可靠性。,譯成條件狀語(yǔ)從句 An electrical current begins to flow through a coil, which is connected across a charged condenser. 如果線圈同充電的電容器相聯(lián)接，電流就開(kāi)始流過(guò)線圈。 Alloys, which contain a magnetic substance, generally also have a magnetic properties. 合金如果含有磁性物質(zhì)，一般也會(huì)具有磁性。 Food which is kept too long decays because it is attacked by yeasts, moulds and bacteria. 食物如果放置時(shí)間太久，就會(huì)腐爛，因?yàn)槭澄飼?huì)受到酵母菌、霉菌以及細(xì)菌的侵蝕。 Water that is impure causes serious illness. 水如果不清潔就會(huì)引起重病。 For any machine whose imput force and output force are known, its mechanical advantage can be calculated. 任何機(jī)器若知其輸入力和輸出力，就可求出機(jī)械效益。,譯成讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 Photographs are taken of stars, the light of which is too faint to be seen by eyes at all. 雖然許多星體的光線非常微弱，眼睛根本看不見(jiàn)，但它們的照片還是被拍下來(lái)了。 Scientists say that standard filters, which reduce the amount of tar inhaled by smokers, do not make the smoke less toxic to the cells. 科學(xué)家們說(shuō)，普通過(guò)濾嘴雖然可以減少吸煙者吸入的焦油量，但不能減少煙霧對(duì)細(xì)胞的毒害。 Penicillin drugs, which cured nearly all bacterial urinary-tract infections several decades ago, are now much less effective against them. 青霉素雖然幾十年前曾治愈了幾乎所有的細(xì)菌性尿道感染，但現(xiàn)在它的效果已經(jīng)大大不如以前了。 My assistant, who had carefull read through the instructions before doing his experiment, could not obtain satisfactory results, because he followed them mechanically. 我的助手雖然做實(shí)驗(yàn)前仔細(xì)通讀過(guò)說(shuō)明書(shū)，但由于生搬硬套，故未能得出滿意的結(jié)果。,譯成時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 Water, the temperature of which reaches 100, begins to boil. 當(dāng)水的溫度達(dá)到100時(shí)，開(kāi)始沸騰。 Very loud sounds produced by huge planes which fly low over the land can cause damage to house. 巨型飛機(jī)低空飛行時(shí)產(chǎn)生的巨大轟鳴，足以摧毀房屋。 Electricity which is passed through the thin tungsten wire inside the bulb makes the wire very hot. 電通過(guò)燈泡里的鎢絲時(shí)，會(huì)使鎢絲變熱。 Electrical energy that is supplied to a lamp can be turned into light energy. 電供給電燈時(shí)，會(huì)變成光能。 A coil of wire that moves in a magnetic field will have an electromotive force induced in it. 當(dāng)線圈在磁場(chǎng)中運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)，其內(nèi)部會(huì)感應(yīng)起一個(gè)電動(dòng)勢(shì)。,特殊定語(yǔ)從句的譯法,as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 As seen from the earth, these planets apear to move in circles round the sun. 正如從地球上看到的那樣，這些行星看來(lái)是圍繞太陽(yáng)作圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)。 As is very natural, man can live without air. 沒(méi)有空氣人就不能生存，這是很自然的。 The patient did not have a heart attack as the doctor had feared. 患者并沒(méi)有像醫(yī)生所擔(dān)心的那樣復(fù)發(fā)心臟病。 Power is equal to work divided by the time, as has been said before. 功率等于功除以時(shí)間，這在前面已講到。 As is announced in the papers, our country has launched another man-made satellite. 報(bào)上宣布，我國(guó)又發(fā)射了一顆人造地球衛(wèi)星。,“there be”結(jié)構(gòu) The sun is not the only source of energy there is in the world. 太陽(yáng)不是世界上惟一的能源。 He said he would make full use of the time there was left to him and do as much as he could for the environmental protection. 他說(shuō)他要充分利用他剩下的歲月盡量為環(huán)保工作做些事。 Currently E-mail is the cheapest means of communication there is to us. 目前，電子郵件是我們所能使用的最廉價(jià)的通訊方式。,由“but”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 There is no rule but has exception. 凡規(guī)則都有例外。 There has not been a scientist of eminence but was a man of industry. 沒(méi)有哪一個(gè)有成就的科學(xué)家不是勤奮的。 With the introduction of the electronic computer, there is no complicated problem but can be solved. 使用電子計(jì)算機(jī)，任何復(fù)雜的問(wèn)題都能解決。,采用合譯法，將下列各定語(yǔ)從句譯成“的”字結(jié)構(gòu)的定語(yǔ)： The people who use biometric locks no longer have to worry about forgetting their keys. Glass bottles and jars that hold food an drink allow us to see the contents. The chemical processes by which iron oxide are stripped of their oxygen constituents are complex. The day is rapidly coming when robots will be equipped with a multitude of sensors such as vision, touch, force and proximity. There are many methods by which gastric resection may be accomplished.,Key: 使用生物統(tǒng)計(jì)鎖的人再也不必?fù)?dān)心忘記帶鑰匙了。 我們可以看見(jiàn)盛食物和飲料的玻璃瓶罐里面所裝的東西。 使鐵氧化物脫氧的化學(xué)過(guò)程很復(fù)雜。 機(jī)器人裝備大量傳感器諸如視覺(jué)、觸覺(jué)、受力和臨近傳感器的時(shí)候很快就要到來(lái)了。 胃切除可以用許多方法。,采用合譯法，將下列定語(yǔ)從句譯成簡(jiǎn)單句中的謂語(yǔ)： Some scientists have described the robot of the future as one that can act independently with the physical world through its own senses and actions. About 107 elements have been found, two thirds of which are metals. Physicists have a strong wish for a simple but sound theory that would explain the ultimate physical make-up of matter. In the late 1960s, a type of filter was introduced in Britain and elsewhere that would have make cigarettes safer. Researchers have found 14 kinds of fish that can change from female to male and 8 kinds of fish that can change from male to female.,Key: 一些科學(xué)家描述說(shuō)未來(lái)的機(jī)器人可以通過(guò)自己的感覺(jué)和行動(dòng)在人類世界中自由行動(dòng)。 已發(fā)現(xiàn)了大約107種元素，其中2/3是金屬。 物理學(xué)家們強(qiáng)烈希望用一種簡(jiǎn)單可靠的理論來(lái)解釋物質(zhì)的最終結(jié)構(gòu)。 60年代后期，英國(guó)和其他一些國(guó)家曾采用一種過(guò)濾嘴來(lái)減少香煙的危害。 研究人員已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，有14種魚(yú)能由雌變雄，有8種魚(yú)能由雄變雌。,采用分譯法，將下列定語(yǔ)從句譯成并列分句： A computer is a device that takes in a series of electrical impulses representing information. Computers, which make it possible to free man from the labor of complex measurements and computations, have found wide application in engineering. The waves, which are commonly called radio waves, travel with the velocity of light. Galileo was a famous Italian scientist by whom the Copernican theory was further proved correct. To find the pressure we divide the force by the area on which it presses, which gives us the force per unit area.,Key: 計(jì)算機(jī)是一種裝置，它接收一系列含有信息的電脈沖。 計(jì)算機(jī)在工程技術(shù)上已經(jīng)獲得廣泛應(yīng)用，它使人們可能擺脫復(fù)雜的測(cè)量和計(jì)算勞動(dòng)。