UNIT7ACHRISTMASCAROL整體感知單元要點WORDSTUDY1BACTERIA2POWDER3STANDARD4CONSCIENCE5NEPHEW6FROST7HANDWRITING8OVERCOAT9WAGE10ANYWAY11GOD12ADMIT13FOOLISH14CLAP15PARTNER16ABUNDANT17WARMTH18TAXPAYER19PERSONALLY20OCCUPY21CONSTANT22WELFARE23CLERK24COMPOSER25NOVELIST26FIRM27SHADOW28AMBITION29NOBLE30GAIN31BOND32INDEED33GOOSE34SELFISH35BISHOP36CHOIR1細菌2粉末3標(biāo)準(zhǔn)4良心5侄子，外甥6霜7筆跡8外套9工資10無論如何11上帝12承認13愚蠢的14拍手15伙伴，搭檔16豐富的17溫暖18納稅人19就自己而言，親自20使忙碌，占有21經(jīng)常的22福利23職員24創(chuàng)作者25小說家26公司27影子28雄心29高貴的30獲利31契約32的確33鵝34自私的35主教36合唱隊USEFULEXPRESSIONS1CAREFOR2LEAVEALONE3INWANTOF4CLOSEUP5PICKSBSPOCKET6HAVEEYESFOR7MAKEMONEY8DOSBGOOD9TAKESBS/STHSPLACE1喜愛，照顧2不管，隨去3需要4關(guān)閉，使靠近5扒竊6喜歡7掙錢8對某人有好處9代替某人/某物SENTENCEPATTERNSIFTHATISTHESTATEOFAFFAIRS”“既然那樣；假如那樣的話”。EGYOUDONTLIKEYOURJOBINTHATCASEWHYDONTYOULEAVE你不喜歡這份工作那你怎么不辭掉呢5INNOCASE意為“INNOCIRCUMSTANCES”“在任何情形下決不，無論如何都不”。EGHEWOULDINNOCASEGIVEIN他決不會屈服的。READINGFROSTSTANDSONTHEWINDOW窗戶上結(jié)著霜凍。點撥STAND此處意為“在某處，位于”。EGATALLPOPLARTREEONCESTOODHERE這兒曾經(jīng)有過一棵高大的白楊樹。IFIHEARANOTHERWORDFROMYOU,YOUWILLGOWHEREITISREALLYCOLD我要是再聽你說一句，我就讓你到真正冷的地方去點撥本句中WHEREITISREALLYCOLD是狀語從句，表示地點。本句也可以這樣表示IFIHEARANOTHERWORDFROMYOU,YOUWILLGOTOTHEPLACEWHEREITISREALLYCOLDEGBAMBOOGROWSBESTINTHEPLACEWHEREITISWARMANDCOLD竹子在溫暖潮濕的地方長的好。PUTTHERAINCOATINTHEPLACEWHEREYOUCANEASILYFINDIT把雨衣放在你容易找到的地方。THATSAPOOREXCUSEFORPICKINGAMANSPOCKETEVERYTWENTYFIFTHOFDECEMBER每年的十二月二十五日掏人腰包，這個借口不充分。點撥POOR此處意為“不好的，不充分的，不充足的”。EGWEHADAPOORCROPOFWHEATTHISYEAR今年我們小麥歉收。點撥PICKSBSPOCKETSTEALMONEY,ETCFROMSBSPOCKET扒竊HAVEONESPOCKETPICKED遭扒竊EGHEHADHISPOCKETPICKEDINTHESUPERMARKET他在超市里遭扒竊了。ANYWAYISUPPOSEIWILLHAVETOLETYOUHAVEIT不管怎么說，我想我會答應(yīng)你的。點撥ANYWAY副詞，意思是“無論如何，即使如此WHATEVERTHEFACTSMAYBEINSPITEOFTHIS”。EGWHATEVERYOUSAY,IMGOINGANYWAY不論你說什么，無論如何我也要去。LETMELEAVEITALONE,THEN我才不管它呢點撥LEAVESB/STHALONE/BENOTDISTURBORINTERFEREWITHSB/STH不打擾或不干預(yù)某人某事物。EGIVETOLDYOUTOLEAVEMYTHINGSALONE我告訴過你不要動我的東西。MUCHGOODMAYITDOYOU愿它能給你帶來好處點撥DOSBGOODDOGOODTOSBBENEFITSB“有益于某人“。EGEATMOREFRUITITWILLDOYOUGOOD多吃水果，對你有好處。WOMENANDMENOPENTHEIRHEARTSFREELYANDTHINKOFOTHERPEOPLE男人女人們自由地敞開心扉為別人考慮。點撥OPENONESHEART“敞開心扉”O(jiān)PENONESHEARTTOSB“同情；向講心里話”。EGMRSMITHOPENEDHISHEARTTOTHEPOORLITTLEBOY史密斯先生對那個可憐的小男孩充滿了同情MARYFELTMUCHBETTERAFTERSHEOPENEDHERHEARTTOHERMOTHER瑪麗向母親講了心里話之后，感覺好多了。YOUWILLCELEBRATECHRISTMASBYLOSINGYOURPOSITION你就會通過丟了你的工作來慶祝圣誕節(jié)了。點撥BYLOSINGYOURPOSITION是介詞短語作狀語，表示方式。EGYOUSWITCHTHERADIOONBYPRESSINGTHISBUTTON按這個按鈕就能打開收音機。BYWORKINGHARDHEGAINEDRAPIDPROMOTION他工作努力因而晉級很快。MANYOFUSENJOYABUNDANTCOMFORT我們很多人都非常舒適點撥ABUNDANTMORETHANENOUGHPLENTIFUL豐富的；充裕的。EGWEHAVEABUNDANTPROOFOFHISGUILT我們有傳充分的證據(jù)證明他有罪。MANYTHOUSANDSAREINWANTOFBASICNEEDS有幾千人需要基本的必需品點撥INWANTOFSTHNEEDINGSTH“需要某事物”。EGTHEHOUSEISINWANTOFREPAIR這所房子需要修了。PERSONALLY,IDONTCARE就我而言，我才不管呢。點撥PERSONALLYASFARASIAMCONCERNEDFORMYSELF意為“就我來說，就自己而言”，常用語一句話的開始，后有逗號。EGPERSONALLY,IDONTLIKEHIMATALL就我而言，我一點都不喜歡他。MYBUSINESSOCCUPIESMECONSTANTLY我自己的事整天都忙不了了。點撥此句中OCCUPY意為“使忙碌，使從事”。EGHEWASOCCUPIEDWITH/INWRITINGANOVEL他忙于寫小說。點撥OCCUPY用法小結(jié)1OCCUPY意為“TAKEUPORFILLTIME,SPACE,SBSMIND,ETC”“占據(jù)，充滿（時間，空間，某人的頭腦等）”。EGTHESPEECHOCCUPIEDTHREEHOURS發(fā)言工占去了三個小時。ABEDOCCUPIEDTHECORNEROFTHEROOM一張床占去了房間的一角。2OCCUPY意為“TAKEPOSSESSIONOFANDESTABLISHTROOPSINACOUNTRY,POSITION,ETC”“（軍事）占領(lǐng)（國家、陣地等）”。EGTHEARMYOCCUPIEDTHEENEMYSCAPITAL軍隊占領(lǐng)了敵國首都。3OCCUPY意為“LIVEINORHAVEPOSSESSIONOFAHOUSE,LAND,ETC”“占用，占有（房屋、土地等）”。EGTHEFAMILYHAVEOCCUPIEDTHEFARMFORMANYYEARS這家人在農(nóng)場已居住多年。THEYOCCUPYTHEHOUSENEXTDOOR他們住在隔壁。4OCCUPYONESELFINDOINGSTH/WITHSTH“忙著（做某事）；忙（于某事）”。EGHOWDOESHEOCCUPYHIMSELFNOWHEISRETIRED他既已退休，都如何打發(fā)日子呢THEYAREALLGONE他們都走了。點撥GONE此處是形容詞，意為“離開，離去”，另外，GONE還有“過去”之意。EGGONEARETHEDAYSWHENYOUCOULDBUYATHREECOURSEMEALFORUNDER1一頓飯吃三道菜不到一美圓，這日子一去不復(fù)返了。ANDMAKEITSHORT,BECAUSEITSTIMETOCLOSEUP快點說，該關(guān)門了。點撥CLOSESTHUP“（尤指暫時）關(guān)閉（某事物）”。EGSORRYMADAM,WERECLOSINGUPFORLUNCH很抱歉，小姐，我們現(xiàn)在要關(guān)門吃飯。HECLOSESTHESHOPUPAT530他在5點30分停止?fàn)I業(yè)。CLOSEUP還可以指傷口愈合。EGTHECUTTOOKALONGTIMETOCLOSEUP傷口經(jīng)過很長時間才愈合。ALONEISWHATYOUARE,ANDWHATYOUHAVEBEEN你是孤單的，你一直都是孤單的。點撥此句是倒裝。ALONE是副詞，在句中作表語，這里是表語前置；其的主語為WHATYOUARE和WHATYOUHAVEBEENINTEGRATINGSKILLSTHESEAREBUTSHADOWSOFTHEPAST這些只是過去的影子。點撥BUT此處是副詞，意為“只，僅僅”。EGHEISBUTABOY他不過是個孩子。IDONTTHINKWECANSUCCEEDSTILLWECANBUTTRY我想我們不會成功，但是，不妨試一試。ANOTHERIDOLHASTAKENMYPLACE另一個偶像取代了我。點撥TAKESBS/STHSPLACETAKETHEPLACEOFSB/STH代替某人/某事物EGSHECOULDNTATTENDTHEMEETINGSOHERASSISTANTTOOKHERPLACE她不能出席會議，所以由助手替她。NOTHINGCOULDTAKETHEPLACEOFTHEFAMILYHEHADLOST他失去了家庭，這一損失是無法彌補的。THATSNOTWHATLIFEISABOUT錢不是生活的全部點撥WHATLIFEISABOUT是從句作表語。點撥ONLYHAVEEYESFORSB/STHHAVEEYESONLYFORSB/STHONLYBEINTERESTEDINORINLOVEWITHASPECIFIEDPERSON（只）對感興趣；（只）愛戀/喜歡EGINAMSTERDAM,IHADEYESONLYFORTHEREMBRANDTS在阿姆斯特丹，我只想看倫勃朗的名畫。ALLTHEGIRLSLIKEDFRED,BUTHEHADEYESONLYFORHELEN姑娘們?nèi)枷矚g弗雷德，但是他卻只對海倫感興趣。點撥HAVEANEYE/AGOODEYEFOR意為“對有眼光”。EGHEHASANEYEFORTHEFAIRANDTHEBEAUTIFUL他有審美眼光。YOUVEGOTITALLWRONG你全弄錯了。點撥此句中ALL副詞，意為“COMPLETELY完全地”，修飾WRONG；WRONG是形容詞，作IT的賓語補足語。NOBODYKNOWSITBETTERTHANYOUDO,POORFELLOW沒有人比你更了解他了，可憐的人。點撥KNOWSB/STHWELL對熟知，對很了解；DO代指KNOWS。GRAMMAR語法狀語（THEADVERBIAL）YOUONLYHAVEEYESFORMONEY你就只愛錢。（一）狀語可以由以下成分表示1副詞EGHESECRETLYDECIDEDTOLEAVETHETOWN他私下決定離開這座城市。WELLRAISETHEMONEYSOMEHOW我們將來以某種方式籌集這筆錢。2介詞短語EGHETRAVELEDINTHEDESERTFORSIXMONTHS他在沙漠里走了六個月。WEHAVEFRIENDSALLOVERTHEWORLD我們的朋友遍天下。3不定式（短語）EGIWENTTHERETOSEEMYGRANDMOTHER我到那里去看我奶奶。THESUITCASEISTOOHEAVYTOBECARRIEDBYACHILD箱子太重小孩拿不動。4分詞（短語）EGBEINGAPOORTEACHER,HECANTAFFORDTOBUYACAR他是一位窮教師，買不起汽車。COMPAREDTOHERAFFECTION,NOTHINGELSEHADANYWORTH和她的感情相比，別的東西都沒有什么價值。5形容詞EGHESAIDNOTHINGBUTSATSILENTSMOKING他沒說話，只靜坐在那里抽煙。FRESHFROMTHEOVEN,ROLLSAREDELICIOUS剛出爐的小面包很好吃。6詞組EGISHALLSTAYANOTHERFIVEMONTHS我將再待五個月。FIRSTTHINGINTHEMORNINGWESWEPTTHECOURTYARDFORTHELANDLORD每天早上我們的第一件事就是給房東掃院子。7復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)EGITBEINGAHOLIDAY,THELIBRARYISNTOPEN這天是假日，圖書館不開門。THEYWILLSENDYOUTHEBOOKFOR250,POSTAGEINCLUDED他們將把書寄給你，書價250美圓，郵資在內(nèi)。8從句EGNEXTTIMEYOUCOMEIN,PLEASECLOSETHEDOOR下次你進來時請關(guān)好門。HOWEVEROFTENITRY,ICANTFINDTHEANSWER不管嘗試多少次，我都找不到答案。9有時可以用名詞作狀語。EGTHATNIGHTONTHEWAYHOME,ILOOKEDDOWNANDFOUNDTHENECKLACEWASNOTTHEREANYMORE我們坐了好幾個鐘頭等你。SHESFEELINGMILESBETTERTODAY她今天感到好多了。（二）關(guān)于分詞作狀語1分詞或分詞短語作狀語時，可以表示時間、原因、行為方式、伴隨狀況等。2分詞短語作狀語時，其邏輯主語必須與句子的主語一致。如果分詞與句子的主語是主動關(guān)系，用DOING表示與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生或進行的動作，用HAVINGDONE表示在謂語動詞之前的動作。如果分詞與句子的主語是被動關(guān)系，則用DONE強調(diào)在謂語動詞之前發(fā)生的動作，也可用HAVINGBEENDONE。EGHELAYSTILL,STARINGATTHECEILING他靜靜地躺著，茫然地望著天花板。HAVINGBEENWARNEDABOUTTHEBANDITS,SHELEFTHERVALUABLESATHOME由于有人警告她有盜匪，她把貴重物品都留在家里。（三）狀語從句的類型1時間狀語從句（ADVERBIALCLAUSEOFTIME）時間狀語從句主要由以下這些連詞引導(dǎo)WHEN,WHILE,AS,BEFORE,AFTER,UNTIL,TILL,SINCE,WHENEVER等；有時由一些起著連詞作用的詞或詞組來引導(dǎo)ASSOONAS,NOSOONERTHAN,THELASTTIME,ONCE,NEXTTIME,THEFIRSTTIME,THEMOMENT,IMMEDIATELY,NOWTHAT等。EG1WHILETHEDISCUSSIONWASGOINGON,GEORGECAMEIN討論正在進行時喬治進來了。EG2THEMOMENTHESPOKEIRECOGNIZEDHISVOICE他一說話我就聽出了他的聲音。2條件狀語從句（ADVERBIALCLAUSEOFCONDITION）條件狀語從句主要由下列連詞引導(dǎo)IF,UNLESS,SUPPOSING,SUPPOSE,PROVIDED等；有時由一些起著連詞作用的詞組來引導(dǎo)SOLONGAS,ASLONGAS,INCASE,ONCONDITIONTHAT,EVENIF等。EG1SUPPOSESHEFINDSOUT,WHATSHALLWEDOTHEN假如她發(fā)現(xiàn)了，我們怎么辦EG2INCASEHEARRIVESBEFOREIGETBACK,PLEASEASKHIMTOWAIT如果我還沒回來他就到了，請讓他稍等。3目的狀語從句（ADVERBIALCLAUSEOFPURPOSE）目的狀語從句主要由以下這些連詞引導(dǎo)INORDERTHAT,SOTHAT,SO,THAT,LEST等；有時由一些起著連詞作用的詞組引導(dǎo)FORFEARTHAT,INCASE等。EG1ASKHERTOHURRYUPWITHTHELETTERSSOTHATICANSIGNTHEM讓她快點把信打好，以便我能簽字。EG2SHEDIDNTDARETOCALLMEFORFEARTHEYMIGHTHEARUS她不敢叫我，唯恐他們會聽到。4結(jié)果狀語從句（ADVERBIALCLAUSEOFRESULT）結(jié)果狀語從句主要由SOTHAT,SUCHTHAT引導(dǎo),THAT有時可以省略，特別是在口語中。EGTHEYHADSUCHAFIERCEDOGTHATNOONEDAREDTOGONEARTHEIRHOUSE他們的狗那樣兇，誰也不敢走近他們家。5原因狀語從句（ADVERBIALCLAUSEOFREASON）原因狀語從句主要由以下這些連詞引導(dǎo)BECAUSE,AS,SINCE。有時由SEEING,CONSIDERING,NOWTHAT,GIVEN等引導(dǎo)。EG1BECAUSEITWASWETHETOOKATAXI由于下雨他叫了一輛出租車。EG2CONSIDERINGHEHASONLYJUSTSTARTED,HEKNOWSQUITEALOTABOUTIT考慮到他剛剛開始，對此他算是知道得很多了。6讓步狀語從句（ADVERBIALCLAUSEOFCONCESSION）引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞主要有ALTHOUGH,THOUGH,EVENTHOUGH,EVENIF,WHILE,WHEREAS等。EGSHESTILLLOVEDHIMEVENTHOUGHHEHADTREATEDHERSOBADLY盡管他待她那樣差，她還是愛他。7方式狀語從句（ADVERBIALCLAUSEOFMANNER）引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句的連詞主要有AS,LIKE,ASIF,ASTHOUGH,HOWEVER等，THEWAY也?？梢龑?dǎo)方式狀語從句。EG1SHELOOKEDABITQUEER,ASIFSHEKNEWSOMETHING她顯得有點怪，仿佛她知道什么情況似的。EG2HEDOESNTSPEAKTHEWAYIDO他不象我這樣說話。8地點狀語從句（ADVERBIALCLAUSEOFPLACE）引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句的連詞主要有WHERE,WHEREVER,EVERYWHERE,ANYWHERE等，NOMATTERWHERE也可以引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句。EG1PUTINANARTICLEWHEREITISNECESSARY在必要的地方填入冠詞。EG2KEEPYOUMOBILEPHONEWITHYOUNOMATTERWHEREYOUARE不管在哪里你都要帶著手機。9比較狀語從句（ADVERBIALCLAUSEOFCOMPARISON）引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的連詞主要是THAN和AS。EGITWASMOREEXPENSIVETHANITHOUGHT它比我想的要貴?？碱}檔案1NMET2000ITSALWAYSDIFFICULTBEINGINAFOREIGNCOUNTRY,_IFYOUDONTSPEAKTHELANGUAGEAEXTREMELYBNATURALLYCBASICALLYDESPECIALLY2（NMET2003年北京）_TIME,HELLMAKEAFIRSTCLASSTENNISPLAYERAHAVINGBTOGIVECGIVINGDGIVEN3（2003年春季上海）UNLESS_TOSPEAK,YOUSHOULDREMAINSILENTATTHECONFERENCEAINVITEDBINVITINGCBEINGINVITEDDHAVINGINVITED4（2004年春季上海）SUDDENLY,ATALLMANDRIVINGAGOLDENCARRIAGE_THEGIRLANDTOOKHERAWAY,_INTOTHEWOODSASEIZINGDISAPPEAREDBSEIZEDDISAPPEAREDCSEIZINGDISAPPEARINGDSEIZEDDISAPPEARING5（NMET2001年春季北京）_LATEINTHEAFTERNOON,BOBTURNEDOFFTHEALARMATOSLEEPBSLEEPINGCSLEEPDHAVINGSLEEP6THEBUSROLLEDINTOTHEVALLEY,_TENDEATHSANDMOREWOUNDEDATOCAUSEBCAUSEDCCAUSINGDHAVINGCAUSED7MUM,WHYDOYOUALWAYSMAKEMEEATANEGGEVERYDAY_ENOUGHPROTEINANDNUTRITIONASYOUAREGROWINGUPAGETBGETTINGCTOGETDTOBEGETTING8_,ILLGOOVERALLTHESELESSONSBEFORETHEEXAMAIFTIMEWILLPERMITBTIMEPERMITTINGCIFTIMEPERMITTEDDTIMEPERMITS9TOLEARNSWIMWELL,_AMUCHPRACTICEISNEEDEDBYONEBMUCHPRACTICEISNEEDEDCONENEEDSMUCHPRACTICEDONEISNEEDEDMUCHPRACTICE10THEPOORMAN,_,RANOUTOFTHEDARKCARVEATREMBLEDANDFRIGHTENEDBTREMBLINGANDFRIGHTENEDCTREMBLINGANDFRIGHTENINGDTREMBLEDANDFRIGHTENING11WHEN_,THEMUSEUMWILLBEOPENTOTHEPUBLICNEXTYEARACOMPLETEDBCOMPLETINGCBEINGCOMPLETEDDTOBECOMPLETED12_FROMTHETOPOFTHEBUILDING,ANDYOULLFINDTHECITYMOREBEAUTIFULATOSEEBSEECSEEINGDSEEN13HERANOFF_ICANSTOPHIMASINCEBAFTERCBEFOREDWHEN14WEWONTGIVEUP_WESHOULDFAILTENTIMESASINCEBEVENIFCWHETHERDUNTIL15_,HEKNOWSALOTOFTHINGSAACHILDASHEISBASHEISACHILDCCHILDASISHEDCHILDASHEIS參考答案1選D。ESPECIALLY“特別地”，副詞作狀語。這里強調(diào)不會說那個國家的語言會感到更加困難。2選D。GIVENTIME作條件狀語，相當(dāng)于狀語從句IFHEWASGIVENTIME。3選A。INVITE和YOU是動賓關(guān)系，要用過去分詞INVITED作狀語，表示被動，相當(dāng)于條件狀語從句UNLESSYOUAREINVITED。4選D。SEIZED作謂語，要用過去式。DISAPPE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