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CTEDTOTHEELECTROMAGNETANDTHEROTATIONCEASES（NOTONLYDOESTHEROTATIONCEASE，BUTTHEATTRACTINGPOLESPROVIDEAFORCETHATPREVENTSROTATION）THENEEDHEREISTOBEABLETOREVERSETHECURRENTFLOWINTHEELECTROMAGNETEVERYTIMETHETURNTABLEISROTATED180。WITHTODAYSELECTRONICS，YOUCANDOTHIS，BUTTHATSGETTINGAHEADOFTHESTORYYOUCANIMAGINETHATWITHATURNTABLEOFSUFFICIENTWEIGHT，IFYOUJUSTTURNOFFTHEELECTROMAGNETFOR180，MOMENTUMMIGHTALLOWTHETURNTABLETOCONTINUEROTATINGUNTILTHEELECTROMAGNETCOULDPROVIDEANOTHERPUSHAFTERALL，MANYONECYLINDERENGINESUSEDFLYWHEELMOMENTUMBEFOREELECTRONICS，MECHANICSPLAYEDAMAJORROLEINADVANCINGTECHNOLOGYTHOMASDAVENPORTRECEIVEDTHEFIRSTPATENT（USPATENTNO132）FORANELECTRICMACHINETOUSEACOMMUTATOR（MECHANICALMEANSOFREVERSINGCURRENT）IN1837NOTETHATTHOUSANDSOFPATENTSISSUEDBETWEEN1790AND1835WERENOTNUMBEREDMOTORS（ORGENERATORS）AREMADEUPOFTWOPARTSASTATOR（THESTATIONARYPART）ANDAROTOR（THEMOVINGPART）。MY“TURNTABLE“HASAPERMANENTMAGNETASTHEROTORANDANELECTROMAGNETASTHESTATORICOULDHAVEJUSTASEASILYUSEDTHEPERMANENTMAGNETASTHESTATORANDANELECTROMAGNETASTHEROTORINFACT，BECAUSEOFTHECOMMUTATORSCONSTRUCTION，THISISTHEPREFERREDMETHOD，ASINDAVENPORTSPATENT（SEEFIGURE3）BEFOREMOVINGON，LETSLOOKATAPROBLEMWITHASINGLECOILDCMOTOR（SEEFIGURE4）。THETORQUEONTHEROTORBEGINSATZEROWHENTHEELECTROMAGNETICANDPERMANENTMAGNETCORESAREPARALLELTHEMOTORWILLNOTBEABLETOSELFSTARTIFTHEROTORANDSTATORAREALIGNEDTHISPROBLEMCANBEPREVENTEDIFTWOELECTROMAGNETSAREUSEDINTHEROTORATRIGHTANGLESTOONEANOTHERTWICEASMANYCOMMUTATORSEGMENTSAREUSED，WHICHALTERNATELYPOWERSTHECOILSEACHCOILISPOWEREDDURINGTHEUPPERPORTIONOFITSTORQUECURVESOMEELECTRICMOTORSAREMANUFACTUREDWITHMORETHANTWOCOILSMORECOILSMEANSHIGHEROVERALLTORQUEASMORECOILSAREADDED，MORECOMMUTATORSEGMENTSARENECESSARYTHISREDUCESTHEAVAILABLESEGMENT（ANDBRUSH）SIZESEEFIGURE4DYNAMOTHEMOTORANDGENERATORARELIKETHECHICKENANDTHEEGGBECAUSETHEREWASNOPOWERDISTRIBUTIONSYSTEM，WHILETHEELECTRICMOTORMIGHTHAVEBEENUSEFUL，ELECTRICMOTORSWERENTPRACTICALWITHOUTAPOWERSOURCETHEFACTTHATANELECTRICMOTORCOULDALSOPRODUCEPOWERMEANTTHATCONVERTINGMECHANICALTOELECTRICALENERGYWASPOSSIBLEUPTOTHISPOINT，IVEDISCUSSEDHOWAMAGNETICFIELDPRODUCEDBYACURRENTTHROUGHAWIREISUSEDTOCREATEANELECTROMAGNET（ANDROTARYMOTION）。THEREVERSEISALSOTRUEAWIRE（ORCOIL）PASSEDTHROUGHAMAGNETICFIELDWILLHAVEACURRENTINDUCEDINITTHISISSIMILARTOTHETRANSFEROFPOWERINATRANSFORMER（CURRENTFLOWTOMAGNETICFIELDTOCURRENTFLOW）IFYOUTAKEADCMOTORANDSPINTHESHAFT，THEMAGNETICFIELDOFTHEPERMANENTMAGNETSWILLCUTTHROUGHTHEELECTROMAGNETICCOILS，INDUCINGACURRENTFLOWINTHECOILSCURRENTFLOWSONLYWHILETHEMAGNETICFIELDISCHANGINGMAXIMUMCURRENTFLOWSASTHEPERMANENTANDELECTROMAGNETSCORESBECOMEPERPENDICULARTOONEANOTHER，WHILETHECOILISCUTTINGTHROUGHTHEMAXIMUMNUMBEROFFLUXLINESMINIMUMCURRENTFLOWSWHENPERMANENTANDELECTROMAGNETSCORESAREPARALLELWITHEACHOTHER，ANDWHILETHECOILCUTSTHROUGHTHEFEWESTLINESOFFLUXUSINGMULTIPLEELECTROMAGNETICCOILSANDCOMMUTATORSEGMENTS（ASWASSHOWNTOIMPROVETORQUEINANELECTRICMOTOR）WILLSMOOTHOUTCURRENTRIPPLE（SEEFIGURE5）WHILETHECOMMUTATORISNECESSARYFORDCCURRENTANDDCMOTORS，ATTHETIMENOONEKNEWWHATTODOWITHTHEACTHATWASPRODUCEDBYADYNAMOUSINGSLIPRINGS（SEEFIGURE6）。SLIPRINGSENABLETHECONNECTIONOFTHEROTORCOILSTOTHEOUTSIDEWORLDWITHOUTREVERSINGTHECURRENTFLOW（THEWAYACOMMUTATORDOES）。SLIPRINGSHAVELESSARCINGANDWEARASSOCIATEDWITHTHEMBECAUSETHECURRENTISNTINTERRUPTEDFINALLY，ACFOUNDITSNICHEINTHEWORLDANDTHEACDYNAMOBECAMEKNOWNASTHEALTERNATORBYUSINGPERMANENTMAGNETSWITHINTHEROTORANDELECTROMAGNETSINTHESTATOR，THEALTERNATORCANPRODUCEACCURRENTWITHOUTTHENEEDOFACOMMUTATORORSLIPRINGSTHISSIMPLICITYMAKESITTHEMOSTCOSTEFFECTIVESOURCEOFEXCHANGINGMECHANICALENERGYFORELECTRICALENERGYWHENTHEROTORSMAGNETSAREREPLACEDWITHCOILS，THEALTERNATORMUSTPOWERTHEFIELDWINDINGSTOPRODUCEROTORCURRENT，ASITSUSEDTORECHARGETODAYSAUTOMOTIVEBATTERYFROMOURAUTOMOBILESINTERNALCOMBUSTIONENGINEACMOTORSWWITHTHEFIGHTOVERPOWERTRANSMISSIONANDDISTRIBUTIONTECHNIQUESALLBUTOVER，AMERICANSINTHELATE1880SCOULDNOTHAVEPOSSIBLYUNDERSTOODHOWTHEIRFUTUREWASABOUTTOCHANGELABORSAVINGDEVICESBEGANTOINVADEEVERYHOUSEHOLDSYNCHRONOUSACMOTORSBECAMEIMPORTANTBECAUSETHEYREQUIRENOSLIPRINGSORCOMMUTATORSANDARELESSEXPENSIVETOMANUFACTUREBECAUSETHEIRSPINWASAFUNCTIONOFLINEFREQUENCY（60HZ），THEYCOULDBEUSEDTOKEEPTIMEANDSTAYINSYNCWITHTHERESTOFTHEGRIDASPREVIOUSLYDISCOVERED，ADYNAMOUSINGPERMANENTMAGNETSINTHESTATORANDELECTROMAGNETSWITHSLIPRINGSINTHEROTORPRODUCED（ATTHETIME）ANUNUSABLEACVOLTAGEONCETESLASHOWEDHOWACCOULDBESTEPPEDUPFORMOREEFFICIENTTRANSMISSIONOFPOWEROVERLONGDISTANCES，THEUSEFULNESSANDSIMPLICITYOFACMOTORSANDGENERATORS（ALTERNATORS）GRABBEDHOLDBYEXCHANGINGTHEROTORANDSTATORPOSITIONSOFTHEPERMANENTANDELECTROMAGNETS，THESLIPRINGSBECOMEUNNECESSARY，ENABLINGLESSEXPENSIVEMANUFACTURINGTHESTATORCANBEWOUNDWITHASERIESOFCOILS，EACHSTAYINGINSTEPWITHTHEAC，ALTERNATELYMAGNETIZINGEACHPOLEINONEDIRECTIONANDTHENTHEOPPOSITE，60TIMESASECOND（60HZ）。THEPERMANENTMAGNETROTORISPULLEDTOWARDAPOLEANDTHENPUSHEDAWAYONCEEACHCYCLETHEROTORSTEPS（IFYOUWILL）BETWEENPOLESATTHE60HZRATE，MAKINGACOMPLETEREVOLUTIONONCEEACH60HZPERTHENUMBEROFPOLESSINGLEPHASESYNCHRONOUSACMOTORSHAVEASTARTINGPROBLEMBECAUSETHESINGLEPHASEDOESNTOFFERANYO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