畢業(yè)設(shè)計外文文獻原文及譯文學生姓名學號系別專業(yè)指導教師2015年5月電子與計算機科學技術(shù)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)工程THETECHNIQUEDEVELOPMENTHISTORYOFJSPTHEJAVASERVERPAGESJSPISAKINDOFACCORDINGTOWEBOFTHESCRIPTPLAITDISTANCETECHNIQUE,SIMILARCARRIESTHESCRIPTLANGUAGEOFJAVAINTHESERVEROFTHENETSCAPECOMPANYOFSERVERSIDEJAVASCRIPTSSJSANDTHEACTIVESERVERPAGESASPOFTHEMICROSOFTJSPCOMPARESTHESSJSANDASPTOHAVEBETTERCANEXPANDSEX,ANDITISNOMOREEXCLUSIVETHANANYFACTORYORSOMEONEPARTICULARSERVEROFWEBTHOUGHTHENORMOFJSPISTOBEDRAWUPBYSUNCOMPANYOF,ANYFACTORYCANCARRYOUTTHEJSPONOWNSYSTEMTHEAFTERSUNRELEASETHEJSPTHEJAVASERVERPAGESFORMALLY,THETHISKINDOFNEWWEBAPPLICATIONDEVELOPMENTTECHNIQUEVERYQUICKLYCAUSEDTHEPEOPLESCONCERNJSPPROVIDEDASPECIALDEVELOPMENTENVIRONMENTFORTHEWEBAPPLICATIONTHATESTABLISHESTHEHIGHDYNAMICSTATEACCORDINGTOTHESUNPARLANCE,THEJSPCANADAPTTOINCLUDETHEAPACHEWEBSERVER,IIS40ONTHEMARKETATINSIDEOF85SERVERPRODUCTTHISCHAPTERWILLINTRODUCETHERELATEDKNOWLEDGEOFJSPANDDATABASES,ANDJAVABEANRELATEDCONTENTS,ISALLCERTAINLYROUGHERINTRODUCTIONAMONGTHEMBASICCONTENTS,SAYPERHAPSTOISAGUIDEONLY,IFTHEREADERNEEDSTHEMOREDETAILEDINFORMATION,PLEASINGTHEBOOKOFCONSULTTHEHOMOLOGOUSJSPGENERALIZETHEJSPJAVASERVERPAGESISFROMTHECOMPANYOFSUNMICROSYSTEMSINITIATE,THEMANYCOMPANIESTHEPARTICIPATETOTHEBUILDUPTHETOGETHEROFTHEAKINDTHEOFDYNAMICTHESTATEWEBTHEPAGETECHNIQUESTANDARD,THEITHAVETHEITINTHECONSTRUCTIONTHEOFTHEDYNAMICSTATETHEWEBPAGETHESTRONGBUTTHEDONOTTHEESPECIALLYOFTHEFUNCTIONJSPANDTHETECHNIQUEOFASPOFTHEMICROSOFTAREVERYALIKEBOTHALLPROVIDETHEABILITYTHATMIXESWITHACERTAINPROCEDURECODEANDISEXPLAINBYTHELANGUAGEENGINETOCARRYOUTTHEPROCEDURECODEINTHECODEOFHTMLUNDERNEATHWEARESIMPLEOFCARRYONTHEINTRODUCTIONTOITJSPPAGESARETRANSLATEDINTOSERVLETSSO,FUNDAMENTALLY,ANYTASKJSPPAGESCANPERFORMCOULDALSOBEACCOMPLISHEDBYSERVLETSHOWEVER,THISUNDERLYINGEQUIVALENCEDOESNOTMEANTHATSERVLETSANDJSPPAGESAREEQUALLYAPPROPRIATEINALLSCENARIOSTHEISSUEISNOTTHEPOWEROFTHETECHNOLOGY,ITISTHECONVENIENCE,PRODUCTIVITY,ANDMAINTAINABILITYOFONEORTHEOTHERAFTERALL,ANYTHINGYOUCANDOONAPARTICULARCOMPUTERPLATFORMINTHEJAVAPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGEYOUCOULDALSODOINASSEMBLYLANGUAGEBUTITSTILLMATTERSWHICHYOUCHOOSEJSPPROVIDESTHEFOLLOWINGBENEFITSOVERSERVLETSALONEITISEASIERTOWRITEANDMAINTAINTHEHTMLYOURSTATICCODEISORDINARYHTMLNOEXTRABACKSLASHES,NODOUBLEQUOTES,ANDNOLURKINGJAVASYNTAXYOUCANUSESTANDARDWEBSITEDEVELOPMENTTOOLSEVENHTMLTOOLSTHATKNOWNOTHINGABOUTJSPCANBEUSEDBECAUSETHEYSIMPLYIGNORETHEJSPTAGSYOUCANDIVIDEUPYOURDEVELOPMENTTEAMTHEJAVAPROGRAMMERSCANWORKONTHEDYNAMICCODETHEWEBDEVELOPERSCANCONCENTRATEONTHEPRESENTATIONLAYERONLARGEPROJECTS,THISDIVISIONISVERYIMPORTANTDEPENDINGONTHESIZEOFYOURTEAMANDTHECOMPLEXITYOFYOURPROJECT,YOUCANENFORCEAWEAKERORSTRONGERSEPARATIONBETWEENTHESTATICHTMLANDTHEDYNAMICCONTENTNOW,THISDISCUSSIONISNOTTOSAYTHATYOUSHOULDSTOPUSINGSERVLETSANDUSEONLYJSPINSTEADBYNOMEANSALMOSTALLPROJECTSWILLUSEBOTHFORSOMEREQUESTSINYOURPROJECT,YOUWILLUSESERVLETSFOROTHERS,YOUWILLUSEJSPFORSTILLOTHERS,YOUWILLCOMBINETHEMWITHTHEMVCARCHITECTUREYOUWANTTHEAPPROPRIATETOOLFORTHEJOB,ANDSERVLETS,BYTHEMSELVES,DONOTCOMPLETEYOURTOOLKITSOURCEOFJSPTHETECHNIQUEOFJSPOFTHECOMPANYOFSUN,MAKINGTHEPAGEOFWEBDEVELOPTHEPERSONNELCANUSETHEHTMLPERHAPSMARKINGOFXMLTODESIGNTOTURNTHEENDPAGEWITHFORMATUSETHEPERHAPSSMALLSCRIPTFUTURELIFEOFMARKINGOFJSPBECOMESTHEDYNAMICSTATEONTHEPAGECONTENTSTHECONTENTSCHANGESACCORDINGTOTHECLAIMOFTHEJAVASERVLETISATECHNICALFOUNDATIONOFJSP,ANDTHELARGEWEBAPPLIESTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHEPROCEDURETONEEDTHEJAVASERVLETTOMATCHWITHTHEJSPANDTHENCANCOMPLETE,THISNAMEOFSERVLETCOMESFROMTHEAPPLET,THELOCALTRANSLATIONMETHODOFNOWISALOTOF,THISBOOKINORDERNOTTOMISCONSTRUCTION,DECIDETHEDIRECTADOPTIONSERVLETBUTDONTDOANYTRANSLATION,IFREADERWOULDLIKETO,CANCALLITAS“SMALLSERVICEPROCEDURE“THESERVLETISSIMILARTOTRADITIONALCGI,ISAPI,NSAPIETCWEBPROCEDUREDEVELOPMENTTHEFUNCTIONOFTHETOOLINFACT,ATUSETHEJAVASERVLETHEREAFTER,THECUSTOMERNEEDNOTUSEAGAINTHELOWLYMETHODOFCGIOFEFFICIENCY,ALSONEEDNOTUSEONLYTHEABILITYCOMETOBORNPAGEOFWEBOFDYNAMICSTATEINTHEMETHODOFAPITHATACERTAINFIXEDWEBSERVERTERRACECIRCULATEMANYSERVERSOFWEBALLSUPPORTTHESERVLET,EVENNOTSUPPORTTHESERVLETSERVEROFWEBDIRECTLYANDCANALSOPASSTHEADDITIONALAPPLIEDSERVERANDTHEMOLDPIECESTOSUPPORTTHESERVLETRECEIVEBENEFITINTHECHARACTERISTIC典型的OFTHEJAVACROSSPLATFORM,THESERVLETISALSOATERRACE（平臺）IRRELEVANT,ACTUALLY,ASLONGASMATCHTHENORMOFJAVASERVLET,THESERVLETISCOMPLETETOHAVENOTHINGTODOWITHTERRACEANDISTOHAVENOTHINGTODOWITHSERVEROFWEBBECAUSETHEJAVASERVLETISINTERNALTOPROVIDETHESERVICEBYTHELINEDISTANCE,NEEDNOTSTARTAPROGRESSTOTHEEACHCLAIMS,ANDMAKEUSEOFTHEMULTITHREADINGMECHANISMCANATTHESAMETIMEFORSEVERALCLAIMSERVICE,THEREFORETHEEFFICIENCYOFJAVASERVLETISVERYHIGHBUTTHEJAVASERVLETALSOISNOTTOHASNOWEAKNESS,SIMILARTOTRADITIONALCGI,ISAPI,THENSAPIMETHOD,THEJAVASERVLETISTOMAKEUSEOFOUTPUTTHEHTMLLANGUAGESENTENCETOCARRYOUTTHEDYNAMICSTATEWEBPAGEOF,IFDEVELOPTHEWHOLEWEBSITEWITHTHEJAVASERVLET,THEINTEGRATION集成PROCESSOFTHEDYNAMICSTATEPARTANDTHESTATICSTATEPAGEISANEVILFOREBODINGDREAMSIMPLYFORSOLVINGTHISKINDOFWEAKNESSOFTHEJAVASERVLET,THESUNRELEASEDTHEJSPANUMBEROFYEARSAGO,MARTYWASINVITEDTOATTENDASMALL20PERSONINDU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ng)理集中在表示層（PRESENTATIONLAYER）上。對于大型的項目，這種劃分極為重要。依據(jù)開發(fā)團隊的大小，及項目的復(fù)雜程度，可以對靜態(tài)HTML和動態(tài)內(nèi)容進行弱分離（WEAKERSEPARATION）和強分離（STRONGERSEPARATION）。此處的討論并不是說人們應(yīng)該放棄使用SERVLET而僅僅使用JSP。事實上，幾乎所有的項目都會同時用到這兩種技術(shù)。在某些項目中，更適宜選用SERVLET，而針對項目中的某些請求，我們可能會在MVC構(gòu)架下組合使用這兩項技術(shù)。我們總是希望用適當?shù)墓ぞ咄瓿上鄬?yīng)的工作，僅僅是SERVLET并不一定能夠勝任所有工作。JSP的由來SUN公司的JSP技術(shù)，使WEB頁面開發(fā)人員可以使用HTML或者XML標識來設(shè)計和格式化最終頁面。使用JSP標識或者小腳本來生成頁面上的動態(tài)內(nèi)容內(nèi)容是根據(jù)請求來變化的。JAVASERVLET是JSP技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)，而且大型的WEB應(yīng)用程序的開發(fā)需要JAVASERVLET和JSP配合才能完成，SERVLET這個名稱源于APPLET，現(xiàn)在國內(nèi)的翻譯方式很多，本書為了避免誤會，決定直接采用SERVLET而不做任何翻譯，讀者如果愿意，可以稱之為“小服務(wù)程序”。SERVLET其實和傳統(tǒng)的CGI、ISAPI、NSAPI等WEB程序開發(fā)工具的作用是相似的，在使用JAVASERVLET以后，用戶不必再使用效率低下的CGI方式，也不必使用只能在某個固定WEB服務(wù)器平臺運行的API方式來動態(tài)生成WEB頁面。許多WEB服務(wù)器都支持SERVLET，即使不直接支持SERVLET的WEB服務(wù)器也可以通過附加的應(yīng)用服務(wù)器和模塊來支持SERVLET。得益于JAVA的跨平臺的特性，SERVLET也是平臺無關(guān)的，實際上，只要符合JAVASERVLET規(guī)范，SERVLET是完全與平臺無關(guān)且是與WEB服務(wù)器無關(guān)的。由于JAVASERVLET內(nèi)部是以線程方式提供服務(wù)，不必對于每個請求都啟動一個進程，并且利用多線程機制可以同時為多個請求服務(wù)，因此JAVASERVLET效率非常高。但JAVASERVLET也不是沒有缺點，和傳統(tǒng)的CGI、ISAPI、NSAPI方式相同，JAVASERVLET是利用輸出HTML語句來實現(xiàn)動態(tài)網(wǎng)頁的，如果用JAVASERVLET來開發(fā)整個網(wǎng)站，動態(tài)部分和靜態(tài)頁面的整合過程會非常難以實現(xiàn)。為了解決JAVASERVLET的這種缺點，SUN推出了JSP。許多年前，MARTY受到邀請,參加一個有關(guān)軟件技術(shù)的小型研討會坐在MARTY旁邊的人是JAMESGOSLINGJAVA編程語言的發(fā)明者。隔幾個位置,是來自華盛頓一家大型軟件公司的高級經(jīng)理。在討論過程中,研討會的主席提出了JINI的議題,這在當時是一項新的JAVA技術(shù)。主席向該經(jīng)理詢問他的想法他回答說,雖然現(xiàn)在言之過早，但這看起來會是非常有前途的一項技術(shù)。他們會持續(xù)關(guān)注這項技術(shù),如果這項技術(shù)變得流行起來,他們會遵循公司的“接受并擴充EMBRACEANDEXTEND”的策略此時,GOSLING隨意地插話說“你的意思其實就是不接受且不擴充DISGRACEANDDISTEND?！痹诖?GOSLING的抱怨顯示出，他感到這個公司會從其他公司那里拿走技術(shù),用于他們自己的目的出人意料的是，形勢已經(jīng)完全不同。JAVA團隊并沒有發(fā)明這一思想將頁面設(shè)計成由靜態(tài)HTML和用特殊標簽標記的動態(tài)代碼混合組成。COLDFUSION多年前就已經(jīng)這樣做了。甚至ASP來自于前述經(jīng)理所在公司的一項產(chǎn)品都在JSP出現(xiàn)之前推廣了這種方式。實際上,JSP不只采用了這種通用概念,它甚至使用許多和ASP相同的特殊標簽。JSP是建立在JAVASERVLETS模型之上的表達層技術(shù)，它使編寫HTML變得更簡單。像SSJS一樣，它也允許你將靜態(tài)HTML內(nèi)容與服務(wù)器端腳本混合起來生成動態(tài)輸出。JSP把JAVA作為默認的腳本語言，然而，就像ASP可以使用其他語言如JAVASCRIPT和VBSCRIPT一樣，JSP規(guī)范也允許使用其他語言。JSP的特點按照腳本語言是服務(wù)于某一個子系統(tǒng)的語言這種論述，JSP應(yīng)當被看作是一種腳本語言。然而，作為一種腳本語言，JSP又顯得過于強大了，在JSP中幾乎可以使用全部的JAVA類。作為一種基于文本的、以顯示為中心的開發(fā)技術(shù)，JSP提供了JAVASERVLET的所有好處，并且，當與一個JAVABEANS類結(jié)合在一起時，JSP提供了一種使內(nèi)容和顯示邏輯分開的簡單方式。分開內(nèi)容和顯示邏輯的好處是，更新頁面外觀的人員不必懂得JAVA代碼，而更新JAVABEANS類的人員也不必是設(shè)計網(wǎng)頁的行家里手，就可以用帶JAVABEANS類的JSP頁面來定義WEB模板，以建立一個由具有相似的外觀的頁面組成的網(wǎng)站。JAVABEANS類完成數(shù)據(jù)提供，這樣在模板中就沒有JAVA代碼，這意味著這些模板可以由一個HTML編寫人員來維護。當然，也可以利用JAVASERVLET來控制網(wǎng)站的邏輯，通過JAVASERVLET調(diào)用JSP文件的方式來將網(wǎng)站的邏輯和內(nèi)容分離。一般來說，在實際的JSP引擎中，JSP頁面在執(zhí)行時是編譯式，而不是解釋式的。解釋式的動態(tài)網(wǎng)頁開發(fā)工具如ASP、PHP3等由于速度等原因已經(jīng)滿足不了當前大型電子商務(wù)應(yīng)用的需要了，傳統(tǒng)的開發(fā)技術(shù)都在向編譯執(zhí)行的方式改變，如ASPASP；PHP3PHP4。在JSP規(guī)范書中，并沒有明確要求JSP中的程序代碼部分稱為SCRIPTLET一定要用JAVA來寫。實際上，有一些JSP引擎就是采