宮東風(fēng)作文講義全套POSTEDBYTDWUSAAT200511160615主題宮東風(fēng)作文講義全套宮東風(fēng)作文講義全套考研英語(yǔ)寫作的高分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)考研英語(yǔ)寫作的高分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)涉及以下六個(gè)方面1內(nèi)容切題。審題準(zhǔn)、不跑題。文不對(duì)題會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響成績(jī)，導(dǎo)致寫作失敗。2表達(dá)清楚。語(yǔ)言要簡(jiǎn)潔、準(zhǔn)確、條理清晰，主題明確。3意義連貫。遣詞造句得當(dāng)，表達(dá)連貫平穩(wěn)。論點(diǎn)論據(jù)展開(kāi)合理（以因果、對(duì)比、分類、定義、列舉、概括、詳情、時(shí)間、空間、過(guò)程或綜合等方法來(lái)展開(kāi)）。4句式有變化。采用適當(dāng)?shù)木涫絹?lái)表達(dá)相應(yīng)的內(nèi)容。常用句式包括簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句、復(fù)合句、主被動(dòng)句、長(zhǎng)句、短句、否定句、雙重否定句、疑問(wèn)句、反問(wèn)句、倒裝句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、插入語(yǔ)、獨(dú)立主格成分等。5用詞有變化。避免重復(fù)使用同一詞匯，可適當(dāng)使用代詞、同義詞、近義詞、關(guān)聯(lián)詞使表達(dá)富有動(dòng)感。同義詞的使用是衡量考生語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力的一個(gè)尺度。6語(yǔ)言規(guī)范。符合英語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤少，寫出的英語(yǔ)不是中式英語(yǔ)。1歷屆考研英語(yǔ)寫作命題總覽考試年代考試題目選題范圍1991年WHERETOLIVEINTHECITYORTHECOUNTRY環(huán)境1992年FORABETTERUNDERSTANDINGBETWEENPARENTANDCHILD人際關(guān)系1993年ADVERTISEMENTONTV傳媒1994年ONMAKINGFRIENDS人際關(guān)系1995年THE“PROJECTHOPE”教育1996年GOODHEALTH健康1997年SOMKING健康1998年BUSINESSPROMISETHEGREENHOUSEEPITOMIZESOURPARENTSEXCESSIVEDOTINGCAREANDMATERIALSUPPLIESTHATCANPROTECTTHECHILDRENFROMTHEWINDANDSTORM,TOBESPECIFIC,THEHARSHREALITYONCEOURYOUNGPEOPLEBEGINTOSEEKINDEPENDENCEANDFACECHALLENGESFROMTHEREALCOMPETITIVEWORLD,THEYAREFOUNDTOOSPOILEDTOBESTRONGENOUGHTOENDURETHEHARDSHIPSANDDIFFICULTIESOFVARIOUSSORTSINSUM,ITISESSENTIALFOROURYOUNGPEOPLETODERIVEPOSITIVEIMPLICATIONSFROMTHEABOVETHOUGHTPROVOKINGDRAWINGSONTHEONEHAND,WECANFREQUENTLYEMPLOYTHEMTOENLIGHTENOURSELVESTOBEMOREINDEPENDENTINLIFEONTHEOTHERHAND,OURPARENTSSHOULDBESENSIBLEENOUGHTOOFFERCHILDRENMORERIGHTANDFREEDOMTOCOPEWITHTHEIROWNTROUBLESANDPROBLEMSONLYBYUNDERGOINGMOREPREDICAMENTSCANYOUNGPEOPLEDEVELOPSTRONGPERSONALITYANDABILITYNEEDEDINTHEFUTURE,ANDONLYINTHISWAYCANTHEYEVENTUALLYBECOMEWINNERSINOURCOMPETITIVECHANGINGWORLD326WORDS表格和圖表題型寫作目前，表格和圖表題型是考研英語(yǔ)寫作中較為常見(jiàn)的題型之一，也是難度較大的一種寫作題型，故考生應(yīng)對(duì)此類題型加強(qiáng)練習(xí)，熟練掌握。1表格和圖表題型寫作要點(diǎn)考生應(yīng)仔細(xì)研究題目以及提示信息，看準(zhǔn)、看清圖表中的數(shù)字、線條、陰影等部分的變化趨勢(shì)和走向，然后根據(jù)圖表所顯示的中心信息確定內(nèi)容層次以及主題句。考生應(yīng)該仔細(xì)觀察分析圖表所給出的大量信息，從中選取最重要，最有代表性，最核心的信息，然后根據(jù)全文的主旨去組織運(yùn)用所獲取的關(guān)鍵信息?？忌鷳?yīng)切忌簡(jiǎn)單地羅列圖表所給出的信息。表格和圖表題型寫作一般采用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，但如果圖表給出了具體時(shí)間參照，考生則應(yīng)對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。表格和圖表題型要求考生使用一些固定句型和表達(dá)法，考生應(yīng)對(duì)此融會(huì)貫通。表格和圖表題型可以細(xì)分為表格，曲線圖、柱形圖和圓形圖。除了上述共同要點(diǎn)，考生還應(yīng)弄懂這四種圖在寫作方面的各自特點(diǎn)。表格形式要求考生對(duì)表格中所給出的大量數(shù)字進(jìn)行比較分析，從中找出其變化規(guī)律。曲線圖形式要求考生認(rèn)真觀察坐標(biāo)系所顯示的數(shù)據(jù)信息，并且密切注意交匯在坐標(biāo)橫軸和縱軸上的數(shù)字及單位。柱形圖形式要求考生通過(guò)寬度相等的柱形的高度或長(zhǎng)度差別來(lái)判斷事物的動(dòng)態(tài)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，故考生應(yīng)密切關(guān)注坐標(biāo)線上的刻度單位及圖表旁邊的提示說(shuō)明與文字。圓形圖形式旨在要求考生準(zhǔn)確理解并闡述一個(gè)被分割成大小不等切片的圓形圖所傳達(dá)的信息?？忌鷳?yīng)清楚掌握部分與整體，部分與部分之間的相互關(guān)系，這種關(guān)系通常是以百分比的數(shù)字形式給出的。列出各段的主題句?？忌梢愿鶕?jù)所給提綱或已知信息列出每段的主題句，為全文的展開(kāi)鋪平道路。嚴(yán)格圍繞主題句展開(kāi)段落。檢查與修改。表格與圖表寫作的檢查與修改應(yīng)著重檢查文章中所列舉的信息是否與圖表所顯示的信息一致。2表格和圖表題型的核心句型句型1ASCANBESEENFROMINTHECHART,DIAGRAMTABLEGRAPH句型2ACCORDINGTOASISSHOWNINTABLE1FIGURE2CHART3句型3ITCANBESEENFROMTHECHARTDIAGRAMTABLEGRAPHFIGURESSTATISTICSTHAT句型4FROMTHETABLEFIGURESDATARESULTSINFORMATIONITCANMAYBESEENCONCLUDEDSHOWNESTIMATEDCALCULATEDINFERREDTHAT句型5DURINGTHEPERIOD19902000FROM1991TO2001SINCE2000FORAHUNDREDYEARS,FROM1903TO2003句型6THEREISWASHASBEENASLIGHTSMALLSLOWGRADUALSTEADYLARGEDRAMATICSHARPRAPIDSUDDENRISEINCREASEFLUCTUATIONDECREASEDECLINEREDUCTIONFALLDROPINPRICESPOPULATIONPRODUCTIONPERSONALINCOMEDEMANDWATERSUPPLY句型7THEFIRSTTHINGFIRSTOFALL3表格和圖表題型寫作試題實(shí)例寫作題目DIRECTIONSASTUDYTHEFOLLOWINGGRAPHSCAREFULLYANDWRITEANESSAYINABOUT200WORDSBYOURESSAYMUSTBEWRITTENNEATLYONANSWERSHEETCYOURESSAYSHOULDCOVERTHESETHREEPOINTS1EFFECTOFTHECOUNTRYSGROWINGHUMANPOPULATIONONITSWILDLIFE2POSSIBLEREASONFORTHEEFFECT3YOURSUGGESTIONFORTHEWILDLIFEPROTECTION參考范文ASISSHOWNBYTHETWOGRAPHS,DURINGTHEPERIODOFTIMEFROM1800TO1900,WITHTHEEXPLOSIVEGROWTHOFTHEUSPOPULATION,THENUMBEROFSPECIESNOLONGEREXISTINGSHOTUP,AMOUNTINGTO70IN1990ITISAPPARENTTHATTHEPOPULATIONEXPLOSIONRESULTEDINTHESHARPDECLINEINTHEWILDLIFEOFTHECOUNTRYWHATBROUGHTABOUTTHISPHENOMENONTHEREARE,IDOTHINK,TWOPOSSIBLEREASONSFORTHEFACTTOBEGINWITH,THEEVERINCREASINGPOPULATIONNEEDSMORELANDTOGROWCROPSANDMORESPACETOLIVEINCONSEQUENTLY,THEREISLESSANDLESSNICHEINTHEUSFORWILDLIFEMOREOVER,ANUMBEROFNEWLYBUILTFACTORIESKEEPDISCHARGINGHARMFULGASESANDLIQUIDS,WHICHSERIOUSLYPOLLUTETHEENVIRONMENTTHISHASDISTURBEDTHEECOLOGICALBALANCE,CONTRIBUTINGTOTHEEXTINCTIONOFSOMEWILDLIFEINMYVIEW,THREESTRONGMEASURESSHOULDBETAKENTOSOLVETHEPROBLEMINTHEFIRSTPLACE,THEBIRTHRATEINTHEUSMUSTBEPUTUNDERCONTROLBECAUSETHERAPIDLYGROWINGPOPULATIONLEADSTOSERIOUSENVIRONMENTALCRISISSECONDLY,THEUSGOVERNMENTISSUPPOSEDTOCREATEASMANYNATURERESERVESASPOSSIBLEWHEREALLTHENATIVESPECIESOFWILDANIMALSCANBEKEPTFROMBEINGHUNTEDANDALLTHENATIVESPECIESOFPLANTSCANGROWVIGOROUSLYLASTANDNOTLEAST,ITISURGENTFORTHEAUTHORITIESTOSETUPAFOUNDATIONTOREWARDTHOSEWHODOMUCHTOPROTECTWILDLIFE233WORDS情景題型寫作1情景題型寫作要點(diǎn)情景題型寫作沒(méi)有具體題目，僅僅規(guī)定一定的情景，這是一種指導(dǎo)性較強(qiáng)的寫作題型，考生千萬(wàn)不要脫離情景，而應(yīng)嚴(yán)格依照題目所規(guī)定的情景構(gòu)思短文。特別注意以下幾點(diǎn)情景式寫作要求考生在題目規(guī)定的情景內(nèi)展開(kāi)構(gòu)思，組織內(nèi)容。仔細(xì)審題。考生應(yīng)明確題目所提供的情景，是論證還是說(shuō)明，是敘事還是寫景。確定段落與主題句。各段的主題句使文章有條有理，同時(shí)也使考生對(duì)自己所要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容有更具體的把握。平穩(wěn)地展開(kāi)段落。主題句一經(jīng)確定，考生便可以圍繞主題句，展開(kāi)段落，完成全文的寫作。段落的展開(kāi)應(yīng)該建立在段落情景基礎(chǔ)之上，每段的重點(diǎn)都應(yīng)集中于描述情景規(guī)定內(nèi)容?？忌拿恳辉~每一句應(yīng)緊扣情景，突出重點(diǎn)，前后連貫，表達(dá)清楚，符合邏輯。明確題型種類。情景寫作可根據(jù)內(nèi)容寫成不同文體，如記敘文、論說(shuō)文、書信報(bào)告等，故考生應(yīng)該注意靈活運(yùn)用相應(yīng)文體的寫作方法與技巧。認(rèn)真檢查與修改?？忌鷳?yīng)重點(diǎn)檢查是否完全準(zhǔn)確地包含了情景所要求的各方面內(nèi)容，是否有與情景相?；虿幌嚓P(guān)的內(nèi)容。2情景題型寫作實(shí)例考試題目SOMEPEOPLEHOLDONTOTHEIDEATHATMONEYANDPROPERTYOFFERMOREOPPORTUNITIESFORSUCCESSINOURSOCIETYOTHERSTHINKTHATEDUCATIONPROVIDEMOREOPPORTUNITIESFORSUCCESSINOURSOCIETYPRESENTYOURPERSPECTIVEONTHEISSUE,USINGRELEVANTREASONSAND/OREXAMPLESTOSUPPORTYOURVIEWS參考范文WHICHFACTOROFFERSMOREOPPORTUNITIESFORSUCCESSINOURSOCIETYEDUCATIONORMONEYANDPROPERTYINMYVIEW,EDUCATIONHASREPLACEDMONEYANDPROPERTYASTHEMAINPROVIDEROFSUCHOPPORTUNITIESTODAYIBASEMYVIEWONTWOREASONSFIRST,EDUCATIONPARTICULARLYHIGHEREDUCATIONUSEDTOBEAMIABLEONLYTOTHEWEALTHYBUTNOWISACCESSIBLETOALMOSTANYONESECOND,BECAUSEOFTHECIVILRIGHTSMOVEMENTANDRESULTINGLAWS,BUSINESSESARENOWREQUIREDTOHIREONTHEBASISOFMERITRATHERTHANTHEKINDSOFPERSONALRELATIONSTRADITIONALLYCOMMONAMONGTHEWEALTHYEDUCATIONALWAYSPLAYSAKEYROLEINDETERMININGONESOPPORTUNITIESFORSUCCESSBUTINTHEPAST,GOODPOSTSECONDARYEDUCATIONWASAVAILABLEMAINLYTOTHEPRIVILEGEDCLASSESBECAUSEMONEYANDPROPERTYLARGELYDETERMINEDONESACCESSTOHIGHEREDUCATION,MONEYANDPROPERTYREALLYWERETHECRITICALFACTORSINOPENINGDOORSTOSUCCESSHOWEVER,HIGHEREDUCATIONISMOREEGALITARIANTODAYGIVENOURVASTNUMBERSOFSTATEUNIVERSITIESANDFINANCIALAIDPROGRAMS,VIRTUALLYANYONEWHOMEETSENTRANCEREQUIREMENTSFORCOLLEGECANOBTAINANEXCELLENTCOLLEGEEDUCATIONANDOPENUPWINDOWSOFOPPORTUNITYINLIFEANOTHERREASONTHOSEOPPORTUNITIESWILLBEOPENTOEDUCATEDYOUNGPEOPLEFROMMIDDLECLASSANDPOORERBACKGROUNDSISTHATHIRINGISMOREMERITORIENTEDTODAYTHANEVERBEFOREINPRINCIPLE,ATLEAST,OURCOUNTRYHASALWAYSBEENASOCIETYWHEREALLPEOPLEAREEQUALYETINTHEPAST,CHILDRENOFTHEWEALTHYANDWELLCONNECTEDCOULDEXPECTTOOBTAINHIGHERSTATUSJOBSANDTORECEIVEBETTERPAYBUTTHELAWSANDPROGRAMSRESULTINGFROMOURCIVILRIGHTSSTRUGGLESHAVEPRODUCEDAMODERNBUSINESSCLIMATEINWHICHJOBSAREAVAILABLEONANEQUALOPPORTUNITYBASIS,ANDINWHICHCANDIDATESHAVEALEGALRIGHTTOBEJUDGEDONTHEMERITOFTHEIREDUCATIONALBACKGROUNDANDEXPERIENCEINCONCLUSION,EDUCATIONISPROBABLYTHEMAINFACTORINOPENINGDOORSTOSUCCESSFORYOUNGPEOPLEINOURSOCIETYTHEFACTTHATEDUCATIONHASSUPPLANTEDMONEYANDPROPERTYINTHISROLEISATTRIBUTABLETOAMOREEGALITARIANSYSTEMOFHIGHEREDUCATION,ASWELLASTOMOREMERITBASEDHIRINGPRACTICESTHATGENERALLYVALUEINDIVIDUALEDUCATIONOVERFAMILYFORTUNEORRELATION347WORDS摘要題型寫作摘要題型寫作是難度非常大的一種寫作形式。隨著考生英語(yǔ)水平的不斷提高，這種題型引起考生的普遍重視。1摘要題型寫作要點(diǎn)動(dòng)筆之前，考生一定要認(rèn)真仔細(xì)地閱讀所給原文，弄懂原文大意，掌握原文要點(diǎn)。摘要的長(zhǎng)度一般是原文的四分之一或五分之一，考試時(shí)應(yīng)遵守規(guī)定的字?jǐn)?shù)限制。在做摘要時(shí)考生切忌照搬原文。摘要應(yīng)與原文的觀點(diǎn)保持一致，并且仍按原文的邏輯順序排列。重點(diǎn)反映主要觀點(diǎn)，刪除細(xì)節(jié)。簡(jiǎn)化從句，用簡(jiǎn)短的語(yǔ)句代替冗長(zhǎng)的語(yǔ)句。檢查與修改時(shí)，考生應(yīng)重點(diǎn)檢查是否遺漏了原文的要點(diǎn)或包含了細(xì)節(jié)。2摘要題型寫作實(shí)例試題題目DIRECTIONSSTUDYTHEFOLLOWINGESSAYCAREFULLYANDWRITEASUMMARYINABOUT80WORDSWECONTINUETOSHAREWITHOURREMOTESTANCESTORSTHEMOSTTANGLEDANDEVASIVEATTITUDESABOUTDEATH,DESPITETHEGREATDISTANCEWEHAVECOMEINUNDERSTANDINGSOMEOFTHEPROFOUNDASPECTSOFBIOLOGYWEHAVEASMUCHDISTASTEFORTALKINGABOUTPERSONALDEATHASFORTHINKINGABOUTITITISANINDELICACY,LIKETALKINGINMIXEDCOMPANYABOUTVENEREALDISEASEORABORTIONINTHEOLDDAYSDEATHONAGRANDSCALEDOESNOTBOTHERUSINTHESAMESPECIALWAYWECANSITAROUNDADINNERTABLEANDDISCUSSWAR,INVOLVING60BILLIONVOLATILIZEDHUMANDEATHS,ASTHOUGHWEWERETALKINGABOUTBADWEATHERWECANWATCHABRUPTBLOODYDEATHEVERYDAY,INCOLOR,ONFILMSANDTELEVISION,WITHOUTBLINKINGBACKATEARITISWHENTHENUMBERSOFDEADAREVERYSMALL,ANDVERYCLOSE,THATWEBEGINTOTHINKINSCURRYINGCIRCLESATTHEVERYCENTEROFTHEPROBLEMISTHENAKEDCOLDDEADNESSOFONESOWNSELF,THEONLYREALITYINNATUREOFWHICHWECANHAVEABSOLUTECERTAINTY,ANDITISUNMENTIONABLE,UNTHINKABLEWEMAYBEEVENLESSWILLINGTOFACETHEISSUEATFIRSTHANDTHANOURPREDECESSORSBECAUSEOFASECRETNEWHOPETHATMAYBEITWILLGOAWAYWELIKETOTHINK,HIDINGTHETHOUGHT,THATWITHALLTHEMARVELOUSWAYSINWHICHWESEEMNOWTOLEADNATUREAROUNDBYTHENOSE,PERHAPSWECANAVOIDTHECENTRALPROBLEMIFWEJUSTBECOME,NEXTYEAR,SAY,ABITSMARTER246WORDS原文要點(diǎn)1CONTINUETOHAVETHEMOSTCONFUSEDIDEASOFDEATHLIKEPREDECESSORS2AVOIDTALKINGABOUTDEATH3TALKABOUTDEATHWHENMILLIONSOFPEOPLEDIE4BECOMECONFUSEDANDANXIOUSWHENEACHTIMETHEDEADPEOPLEAREVERYFEWANDTHEDEATHRATESAREALMOSTEQUAL5PEOPLESFEARFULNESS6SEEMTOCONTROLNATURE7AVOIDDEATH參考摘要PEOPLEDISLIKETALKINGABOUTDEATHBECAUSETHEYJUSTLIKETHEIRPREDECESSORSSTILLHAVETHEVAGUESTIDEASOFTHEISSUETHEYTALKABOUTDEATHONLYWHENMILLIONUPONMILLIONSOFPEOPLEAREKILLEDINWARWHENTHEYFINDONLYVERYFEWPEOPLEDIEEACHTIMEANDTHEDEATHRATESAREALMOSTEQUAL,THEYBECOMEVERYANXIOUS,THINKINGTHATNEXTTIMETHEYTHEMSELVESWILLMEETTHEIRDOOMTHEREFORE,THEYFEARVERYMUCHHOWEVER,THEYHAVEAHOPETHATWHENTHEYCONTROLNATURE,THEYCANAVOIDDEATH84WORDS書信題型寫作書信題型寫作是常見(jiàn)的功能性寫作形式，考生應(yīng)該對(duì)書信寫作的具體細(xì)節(jié)有整體的把握。1書信寫作要點(diǎn)日期寫信人應(yīng)將寫信日期（年、月、日）放在書信正文的右上角，如JAN20TH,2004。稱呼稱呼是寫信人對(duì)收信人的稱謂，稱呼可以根據(jù)收信人的性別、職務(wù)、婚姻狀況、姓名等個(gè)人信息來(lái)寫，如MRWILLIAMS,MRSBUSH,PROFESSORLI,DRSMITH,DEARMUMANDDAD。如果寫信人不清楚收信人的具體姓名、職務(wù)等情況，可以寫DEARSIRORMADAM、TOWHOMITMAYCONCERN。正文正文是書信的主要部分，在稱呼下方隔一或兩行處開(kāi)始?？忌鷮懻臅r(shí)，要分層次進(jìn)行。書信正文通常由引言、展開(kāi)段和結(jié)尾三個(gè)層次組成。引言引言表明寫信人的寫信目的和寫信背景，一般僅限于一段，一兩句話即可。展開(kāi)段展開(kāi)段內(nèi)容應(yīng)詳實(shí)、具體?？梢苑譃槿舾啥蝸?lái)寫，每一段圍繞一個(gè)主題進(jìn)行展開(kāi)。結(jié)尾結(jié)尾部分通常比引言部分短，使用一兩句話表達(dá)一下希望或祝愿。結(jié)束語(yǔ)結(jié)束語(yǔ)是寫信人對(duì)收信人的謙稱，寫在正文下面二至三行處。公務(wù)等較正式的信件多采用YOURSSINCERELY,SINCERELYYOURS,YOURSFAITHFULLY,YOURSTRULY等；私人信件，多采用YOURS,WITHLOVE,YOURSAFFECTIONATELY等。簽名簽名應(yīng)寫在結(jié)束語(yǔ)的下面。2書信題型寫作實(shí)例試題題目DIRECTIONSAWRITEAJOBAPPLICATIONLETTEROFABOUT200WORDSBYOURLETTERSHOULDCOVERTHESETHREEPOINTS1APPLYFORTHEPOSITIONOFPRODUCTIONCOORDINATOR2DESCRIBEYOUREDUCATIONBACKGROUND3STATEYOURRELEVANTWORKINGEXPERIENCE參考范文DEARSIR,IAMRESPONDINGTOYOURADINT