信息學(xué)競賽復(fù)習(xí)1斐波拉契數(shù)列（1000000以內(nèi)的數(shù)字）INCLUDE“STDIOH”INCLUDE“STDLIBH”VOIDMAINLONGFIB11,FIB21,FIB0PRINTF“1000000以內(nèi)的數(shù)字NN“PRINTF“DNDN“,FIB1,FIB2WHILEFIB0CURRENTWHILECURRENTLENCURRENTLENIFACURRENT1MIFMNACURRENT0REMAINPRINTF“D,“,CURRENTM0SYSTEM“PAUSE“（2）約瑟夫問題_數(shù)組環(huán)INCLUDE“STDIOH“INCLUDE“STDLIBH“VOIDMAININTA100INTI,LEN,N/I循環(huán)LEN總數(shù)N每次數(shù)幾個INTCUR,M,REMAIN/CUR當(dāng)前是哪個M計數(shù)REMAIN剩下幾個/INTT1,T2FORI0I0CURACURMIFMN1PRINTF“D,“,ACUR/T1ACUR/T2AACURACURAACURREMAINM0SYSTEM“PAUSE“（3）約瑟夫問題_鏈表INCLUDE“STDIOH“INCLUDE“STDLIBH“STRUCTPEOPLEINTNUMSTRUCTPEOPLENEXTTYPEDEFSTRUCTPEOPLENODENODECREATEINTMINTINODEH,P1,P2HP1P2NODEMALLOCSIZEOFNODEHNUM1FORI1INEXTP1P1NUMI1P2P1P1NEXTHRETURNHNODEFINDOUTNODETP,INTNINTINODEPPTPFORI1INEXTRETURNPNODEMOVEAWAYNODETPNODEC,P1,P2CTPP1CNEXTP2P1NEXTCNEXTP2PRINTF“D,“,P1NUMFREEP1RETURNP2VOIDMAINNODEPINTLEN,I,NPRINTF“請輸入約瑟夫問題節(jié)點(diǎn)總數(shù)“LEN41/SCANF“D“,PRINTF“請輸入每次數(shù)的節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)字“N3/SCANF“D“,PCREATELENFORI1INUM1FORI1INEXTP1P1PRIORP2P1NUMI1P2P1P1NEXTHHPRIORP1RETURNHNODEFINDOUTNODETP,INTNINTINODEPPTPFORI1INEXTRETURNPNODEMOVEAWAYNODETPNODEC,P1,P2CTPP1CPRIORP2CNEXTP1NEXTP2P2PRIORP1PRINTF“D,“,CNUMFREECRETURNP2VOIDMAINNODEPINTLEN,I,NPRINTF“請輸入約瑟夫問題節(jié)點(diǎn)總數(shù)“LEN41/SCANF“D“,PRINTF“請輸入每次數(shù)的節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)字“N3/SCANF“D“,PCREATELENFORI1IINCLUDEVOIDMAININTSUM0/統(tǒng)計個數(shù)INTB/起數(shù)INTA6INTHAVE7INTJINTTEMPBFORB10000B0SUMPRINTF“SUMDN“,SUMSYSTEM“PAUSE“（2）統(tǒng)計含有2個數(shù)字7，但不能被7整除的5位整數(shù)的個數(shù)INCLUDEINCLUDEVOIDMAININTSUM0/統(tǒng)計個數(shù)INTB/起數(shù)INTA6INTHAVE7INTJINTTEMPBFORB10000BINCLUDEVOIDMAININTI,J,KFORI1IINCLUDEVOIDMAININTI,J,KFORI1IVOIDMAININTSUM0INTA,B,C,DINTI,J,IR,JR,M,NINTARR5INTFLAGFORI10IVOIDMAININTSUM0INTA,B,C,D,E,FINTI,J,IR,JR,M,NINTARR7INTFLAGFORI100IVOIDMAININTSINTA,B,C,D,E,FINTARR7INTFLAG,I,JINTSUM0FORS11SVOIDMAININTSINTA,B,C,D,E,FINTARR7INTFLAG,I,JINTSUM0FORS11SB|AC|BCFLAG1IFDE|DF|EFFLAG1/沒有重復(fù)的數(shù)字進(jìn)入且符合倒數(shù)條件IFFLAG0PRINTF“SDAD,BD,CD,DD,ED,FDN“,S,A,B,C,D,E,F7八皇后問題（1）窮舉法INCLUDEINCLUDEINCLUDEDEFINEN8/定義棋盤大小VOIDMAINVOIDINTNUMOFTIMES0INTCOUNT0INTAN1INTFLAGINTI1,I2,I3,I4,I5,I6,I7,I8,X,Y,PPRINTF“D皇后問題的窮舉法解決“,NFORI11I1“/第2種顯示方法PRINTF“第D種解法N“,COUNTFORI0IINCLUDEINCLUDEDEFINEN8VOIDMAININTNUMOFTIMES0INTCOUNT0/解法的個數(shù)（計數(shù)器）INTAN1/I,AI分別代表第I行和這行中皇后放置的列數(shù)INTFLAG/標(biāo)記0或1,0代表有沖突；1代表沒有沖突INTI,J/循環(huán)變量INTMM1AM1/從第1行開始第1行從第1列開始放置皇后WHILEA11I/檢查當(dāng)前行放置位置，與之前的所有行有沒有沖突IFAMAI|ABSAMAIMIFLAG1BREAKIFFLAG0PRINTF“第D種解法“,COUNTFORI1I1/AMN，已經(jīng)測試完這一行的所有列，到達(dá)最后一列/M1，不是第1行M/退回上1行AM/右移1列PRINTF“共運(yùn)行計算D次N“,NUMOFTIMESPRINTF“共找到D種方案NN“,COUNTSYSTEM“PAUSE“8橋本分?jǐn)?shù)式（1）窮舉法INCLUDEINCLUDE/橋本分?jǐn)?shù)式求解VOIDMAININTSUM0,RUNCOUNTINTI1,I2,I3,I4,I5,I6,I7,I8,I9INTFLAGINTA11INTM,N,JINTLEFT,RIGHT,ABFORI11I11JIFAIAJSIGN0BREAK/有重復(fù)的數(shù)字，終止測試AIAJIFSIGN1IIFAMAIFLAG1IFFLAG0A56A510A6A89A810A9IFA11MAMPRINTF“NTIMESDN“,TIMESPRINTF“NSUMDN“,SUM9神奇的古尺一個古尺，總長36寸，因年代久遠(yuǎn)，中間標(biāo)注的刻度只剩下8個，但是這個尺子還是可以一次性度量136之間的任意長度，請確定這8個刻度的位置。（1）窮舉法優(yōu)化INCLUDEINCLUDEVOIDMAININTTESTTIMES0INTA10/刻度數(shù)組INTB37/長度檢測數(shù)組INTI1,I2,I3,I4,I5,I6,I7,I8INTI,JINTFLAG,SIGN/頭尾A00A936FORI11I10IFORJI1J0JBAIAJ1/檢測B數(shù)組是否全部1SIGN0FORI1IINCLUDEDEFINELEN36DEFINEN7VOIDMAININTTESTTIMES0,SUM0INTAN2/刻度數(shù)組INTBLEN1/長度檢測數(shù)組INTI,J/循環(huán)變量INTM,QINTFLAG,SIGN/頭尾A00AN1LENM1A11WHILEA122/SYSTEM“PAUSE“/PRINTF“ID,ADDN“,I,I,AI/FORI1I0IFORJI1J0JBAIAJ1/檢測B數(shù)組是否全部1SIGN0FORI1ILENN1MAMPRINTF“程序共檢測了D種組合N“,TESTTIMESPRINTF“共有D符合條件N“,SUMSYSTEM“PAUSE“10別出心裁的情侶拍照8對情侶，參加聚會后拍照，主持人要求如下每對情侶不得相鄰，每對情侶都是男左女右排隊，編號為1的情侶之間有1個人，編號為2的情侶之間有2個人，依次類推，編號為8的情侶之間有8個人分析/A數(shù)組代表位置A1A8/數(shù)組的值表示對應(yīng)的人/A12表示第1個位置是編號為2個男生/4對情侶編號為18/14為男生，58為女生/1和5為1對/2和6為1對/3和7為1對/4和8為1對（1）回溯法優(yōu)化INCLUDEINCLUDEINCLUDEDEFINEN8VOIDMAININTTESTTIMES0INTSUM0INTA2N1INTI/循環(huán)變量INTFLAGINTM/回溯變量INTLOVERS/統(tǒng)計已經(jīng)安排的情侶人數(shù)，當(dāng)LOVERS2N時，全部安排好FORI1I0I/不重復(fù)IFAMAIFLAG1BREAK/判斷1對情侶是否可以排好/MAM1，女生位置是否超出范圍/AMAM10，女生位置是否已經(jīng)有人IFFLAG0/改動AM之前IFMAM1INCLUDEINCLUDEDEFINEN8VOIDMAININTTESTTIMES0INTSUM0INTA2N1INTI/循環(huán)變量INTFLAGINTM/回溯變量M1A11/循環(huán)條件A10I/不重復(fù)IFAMAIFLAG1BREAK/男左女右IFABSAIAMNBREAK/情侶間隔的人數(shù)等于編號數(shù)IFABSAIAMNBREAKIFFLAG0FORI1I2NAMPRINTF“程序共檢測了D種組合N“,TESTTIMESPRINTF“共找到D種組合符合要求N“,SUMSYSTEM“PAUSE“11四大湖泊/我國有4大淡水湖。A說洞庭湖最大，洪澤最小。鄱陽湖第三。B說洪澤湖最大，洞庭湖最小，鄱陽湖第二。太湖第三。C說洪澤湖最小，洞庭湖第三。D說鄱陽湖最大，太湖最小，洪澤湖第二，洞庭湖第三。4個人每人僅答對了一個，請你編程給出4個湖從大到小的順序。（1）INCLUDEINCLUDEVOIDMAININTA,B,C,DFORA1AINCLUDEVOIDMAININTJINTARR5INTI1INTFLAGINTA,B,C,DARR11WHILEARRI0JIFARRJARRIFLAG1BREAKAARR1BARR2CARR3DARR4/輸出IFFLAG0IFFLAG0ARRISYSTEM“PAUSE“（3）優(yōu)化INCLUDEINCLUDEVOIDMAININTA,B,C,DFORA1AINCLUDEVOIDMAININTRUNTIMES0INTSUM0INTFLAGINTA11INTM,N,I,JINTLEFT,RIGHT,AB/初始條件設(shè)定I1A11WHILEAI1J/檢查當(dāng)前行放置位置，與之前的所有行有沒有沖突IFAIAJFLAG1BREAK/檢查重復(fù)完成IFFLAG0FORJ1J1/AI9，已經(jīng)測試完這一位置的所有可能的數(shù)字/I1，不是第1個位置IAI/檢測下一個數(shù)字，一直到9為止PRINTF“共運(yùn)行計算D次N“,RUNTIMESPRINTF“共找到D種方案NN“,SUMSYSTEM“PAUSE“13裝錯信封/某人給5個朋友寫信，同時寫了5個朋友的信封問每個信封和信都不相符的情況有多少（1）窮舉法INCLUDEINCLUDEDEFINEN5VOIDMAININTTESTTIMES0INTSUM0INTAN1/信封數(shù)組A11，對應(yīng)INTI1,I2,I3,I4,I5INTI,JINTFLAGFORI11I1INCLUDEDEFINEN5VOIDMAININTTESTTIMES0INTSUM0INTAN1/信封數(shù)組A11，對應(yīng)INTI,J/循環(huán)變量INTFLAGINTM/回溯變量M1A11WHILEA10IIFAIAMFLAG1BREAK/增加條件，減少搜索范圍FORIMI0IIFAIIFLAG1BREAKIFFLAG0FORI1INAMPRINTF“程序共檢測了D種組合N“,TESTTIMESPRINTF“共找到D種組合符合要求N“,SUMSYSTEM“PAUSE“14漢諾塔（1）漢諾塔移動步驟INCLUDEINCLUDEVOIDMOVECHARX,CHARYPRINTF“CCN“,X,Y/將N個盤從A座借助B座,移到C座VOIDHANOIINTN,CHARA,CHARB,CHARCIFN1MOVEA,CELSEHANOIN1,A,C,BMOVEA,CHANOIN1,B,A,CINTMAININTM4HANOIM,1,2,3SYSTEM“PAUSE“（2）漢諾塔移動次數(shù)計算INCLUDEINCLUDE/將N個盤從A座借助B座,移到C座DOUBLETINTMDOUBLESIFM1S1ELSES2TM11RETURNSINTMAININTM64PRINTF“0F“,TMSYSTEM“PAUSE“15水手分椰子5個水手帶著1只猴子來到一座荒島，見島上有大量椰子，他們便把這些椰子平均分成5堆。夜深人靜，一個水手偷偷起來拿走了一堆椰子，把剩下的椰子又平均分成5堆，結(jié)果多出一只椰子丟給猴子吃掉了，過了一會兒，另一個水手也偷偷起來，拿走了一堆椰子后，再把剩下的椰子平均分成5堆，結(jié)果還是多了一只，丟給猴子吃了。就這個多事的月黑風(fēng)高的夜晚，5個水手都偷偷藏起一堆，重分了椰子，每次都多出一只椰子讓猴子占了便宜。第二天一早，島上依然平均堆放著5堆椰子。問原先的椰子最少要有多少只INCLUDEINCLUDEINCLUDEDEFINEN5VOIDMAININTTIMES0INTI0DOUBLEY,K,XYK1WHILEIINCLUDEDEFINEN5VOIDMAININTI,JINTTEMP1,TEMP2INTMINTQUANTITY/U是整數(shù)劃分式的個數(shù)，如4QUANTITY5INTNEWI/增加的新項目編號STATICINTA80021/初始化，全部置為0FORI0I0PRINTF“D“,AIJJPRINTF“N“PRINTF“N“SYSTEM“PAUSE“17最長非降子序列（1）遞推法INCLUDEINCLUDEDEFINEN10VOIDMAININTAN47,36,52,46,45,28,46,69,14,42INTBNINTMAX,LENINTI,JBN11LEN1FORIN2I0IMAX0FORJI1JMAXMAXBJBIMAX1IFBILENLENBIFORI0IINCLUDEINTA1047,36,52,46,45,28,46,69,14,42INTN10INTBINTIINTJ,RETURNVALUEINTMAXINTTEMPIFIN1RETURNVALUE1ELSEMAX0FORJI1JMAXMAXTEMPRETURNVALUEMAX1RETURNRETURNVALUEVOIDMAININTI,LEN,JINTTEMPFORI0ILENLENTEMPPRINTF“N最長序列3DN“,LENJLENFORI0IINCLUDEINCLUDEVOIDMAININTN,I,J,TINTA5050,B5050CHARLORR5050SRANDINTTIME0N5FORI1I1IFORJ1JINCLUDEINCLUDEVOIDMAININTN,I