1、八. 名詞性從句名詞性從句主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句名詞性從句是由if,whether,that和各種疑問(wèn)詞充當(dāng)連接詞所引導(dǎo)的從句，其功能同名詞一樣。一主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的從句，通常放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前或由形式主語(yǔ)it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。1.It作形式主語(yǔ)It作形式主語(yǔ)代替主語(yǔ)從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞沒(méi)有變化。例如：Itisapitythatyoudidntgotoseethefilm.Itdoesntinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot. 2.用it作形式主語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)(1)Itis名詞從句Itisafact

2、that事實(shí)是Itisanhonorthat非常榮幸Itiscommonknowledgethat是常識(shí)(2)itis形容詞從句Itisnaturalthat很自然 Itisstrangethat奇怪的是(3)itis不及物動(dòng)詞從句Itseemsthat似乎 Ithappenedthat碰巧(4)it過(guò)去分詞從句Itisreportedthat據(jù)報(bào)道 Ithasbeenprovedthat已證實(shí)3. 由連詞that 或者whether引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句：這種情況下 that 和whether只是引導(dǎo)作用 不擔(dān)當(dāng)成分，不能省略，并且可以轉(zhuǎn)變成it形式主語(yǔ)。That the earth is roun

3、d is true。it is true that the earth is round。 Whether he will come or not hasnt been decided. It hasnt been decided whether he will come or not.4. 由連接代詞或者連接副詞引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句：連接代詞who, which和連接副詞when，where，how，why都可以引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，可以分別擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，不能省略，可以改為it引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。Who let out the news remained unknown-it remained unk

4、nown who let out the news.Why he didnt come here is not clear to anyone.-it is not clear to anyone why he didnt come.5. 以關(guān)系代詞what, whatever whoever whichever等引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句：whoever leaves the office should tell me。（這里whoever做主語(yǔ)）改成定語(yǔ)從句：Any one who leaves the office should tell me。6.What與that在引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的區(qū)別What引

5、導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)在句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，如主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)，而that則不然。例如：1)Whatyousaidyesterdayisright. 2)Thatsheisstillaliveisaconsolation.二賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語(yǔ)的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（及物動(dòng)詞）或介詞之后。1.作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)(1)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句（that通常可以省略）,例如：Iheardthathejoinedthearmy.(2)由what,whether(if)引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，例如：1)Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.2)Iwonderwhether

6、youcanchangethisnoteforme.(3)動(dòng)詞間接賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句。例如：Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.2.作介詞的賓語(yǔ): Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.3.作形容詞的賓語(yǔ)例如：Iamafraid(that)Ive madeamistake.That引導(dǎo)的從句常跟在下列形容詞后作賓語(yǔ)：anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,so

7、rry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content等。4.It可以作為形式賓語(yǔ)It不僅可以作為形式主語(yǔ)，還可以作為形式賓語(yǔ)，而真正的賓語(yǔ)that(也可能是to do) 從句則放在句尾，特別是在帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子中。例如：Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.He found it pretty hard to learn both English and French well at the same time. 5.后邊不能直接跟that從句的動(dòng)詞這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有

8、allow,refuse,let,like,cause,force,admire,condemn,celebrate,dislike,love,help,take,forgive等。這類(lèi)詞后可以用不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，但不可以用that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。例如：Iadmiretheirwinningthematch.(right) Iadmirethattheywonthematch.(wrong)6.否定的轉(zhuǎn)移若主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為：think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句若含有 否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到

9、主句謂語(yǔ)上，從句謂語(yǔ)用肯定式。例如：Idontthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.（我認(rèn)為這件衣服不適合你穿。）7.注意事項(xiàng)：1) 賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)態(tài)要與主語(yǔ)保持相應(yīng)的一致和變化。2) 從句的語(yǔ)態(tài)要變?yōu)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序。三表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作表語(yǔ)的名詞性從句，放在系動(dòng)詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語(yǔ)連系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)從句”?？梢越颖碚Z(yǔ)從句的連系動(dòng)詞有be,look,remain,seem等。引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的that一般不可省略。另外，常用的還有thereasonisthat和Itisbecause等結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：1)Thequestioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparatio

10、ninsuchashorttime.2)Thisiswhywecantgetthesupportofthepeople.3)Butthefactremainsthatwearebehindtheotherclasses.4)Thereasonheislateforschoolisthathemissedtheearlybus.四同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句就是在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語(yǔ)的名詞性從句。1.同位語(yǔ)從句的功能同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)于名詞進(jìn)一步解釋?zhuān)f(shuō)明名詞的具體內(nèi)容，一般由that引導(dǎo)，例如：1)Thekingsdecisionthattheprisonerwouldbesetfreesurprised

11、allthepeople.2)Theorderthatallthesoldiersshouldstaystillisgivenbythegeneral.2.同位語(yǔ)在句子中的位置同位語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)可以不緊跟在它所說(shuō)明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開(kāi)。例如：HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.1. 一般用于同位語(yǔ)從句的抽象名詞有：news， idea，belief, doubt, fact, rumor, order, hope, answer3.同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別(1)定語(yǔ)從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時(shí)可以在從句中作某個(gè)成分（主

12、語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)），而同位語(yǔ)從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。(2)定語(yǔ)從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對(duì)先行詞加以限定，描述它的性質(zhì)或特征；同位語(yǔ)從句是名詞性的，其功能是對(duì)名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。例如：1)ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.（他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國(guó)。）（第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句是定語(yǔ)從句，that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)）2)ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.（湯姆將出國(guó)的消息是他講的。）（同位語(yǔ)從句，that在句中不作任何成分）whethe

13、r 與if 在名詞性從句中：1引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，whether和if可以互換，但是出現(xiàn)or not時(shí)候只能用whether I dont know whether/ if I can come. I dont know whether I can come or not.2. 如果賓語(yǔ)從句是否定結(jié)構(gòu)，則用if。I dont care if he doesnt show up.3. 介詞賓語(yǔ)從句只能用whether 引導(dǎo)。 We worried about whether he was in god health.4. 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，主語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)都用whether。 The questi

14、on whether he should come himself or send another one hasnt been decided. Whether they win is all the same to me.The Question is whether you can do it yourself.名詞性從句專(zhuān)練1. _ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader. A. ThatB. WhatC. Whether D. Where2. The traditional view is _ w

15、e sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. A. whenB. whyC. whether D. that3. Could I speak to_ is in charge of International Sales ,please?Aanyone Bsomeone Cwhoever Dnomatter who 4._ matters most in learning English is enough practice.A. WhatB. WhyC. WhereD. Which5. You can only be

16、sure of_ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something _you might get in the future. A. that; what B. what; / C. which; that D. /; that6. It is none of your business other people think about you. Believe yourself. A.how B.what C.whichD.when7. Having checked the doors were closed , and _ all t

17、he lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. A. why B. that C. when D. where 8. Choosing the right dictionary depends on _ you want to use it for. A. whatB. whyC. how D. whether9. parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. A.That B.Which C.WhatD.As10. By improving re

18、ading skills, you can read faster and understand more of you readAthatBwhatCwhich Dwhether11.The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make _ it is . A. what B. which C. how D. where12. Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? Thats _ the best jobs are. A. where

19、 B. what C. when D. why 13. The lawyer rarely wears anything other than jeans and a T-shirt _ the season.A. whateverB. whereverC. wheneverD. however14. _ was most important to her, she told me, was her family.A. ItB. ThisC. WhatD. As15. The companies are working together to create they hope will be

20、the best means of transport in the 21st century. A. which B. that C. what D. who16. The last time we had great fun was _ we were visiting the Water Park. A. where B. how C. when D. why 17. People in Chongqing are proud of _ they have achieved in the past ten years. A. that B. which C. what D. how 18

21、. Students are always interested in finding out _ they can go with a new teacher. A. how far B. how soon C. how often D. how long19. _ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing. A. It B. What C. As D. Which20. When asked _ they needed most, the kids said they wante

22、d to feel important and loved. A. what B. why C. whom D. which21. Animals suffered at the hands of Man _ they were destroyed by people to make way for agricultural land to provide food for more people. A. in which B. for which C. so that D. in that22. _wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own w

23、ay.A. Anyone B. The one C. Whoever D. Who23. Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from _ their parents speak at home.A. what B. that C. which D. one24. All people, _ they are old or young, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those in need since th

24、e disaster.A. even if B. whether C. no matter D. however25. As his best friend , I can make accurate guesses about _he will do or think.A. what B. whichC. whomD. that26.It has been proved _ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.A. ifB. becauseC.

25、whenD. that27 Weshouldconsiderthestudents request _ the school library provide more books on popular science.A. that B. When C. which D. Where28.Many young people in the West are expected to leave _ could be lifes most important decisionmarriagealmost entirely up to luck.A. as B. that C. which D. wh

26、at29. The little girl who got lost decided to remain _she was and wait tor her mother.A. where B. what C. how D. who30.She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do it takes to save her life.A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever31. The fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is b

27、ecoming warmer and warmer these years.A. what B. which C. that D. though32. Could I speak to is in charge of International Sales please?A. who B. What C. whoever D. whatever33. The how -to book can be of help to wants to do the job.A. who B. whomever C. no matter who D. whoever34. As a new diplomat,

28、 he often thinks of he can react more appropriately on such occasions.A. what B. which C. that D. how35. News came from the school office _Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.A. which B. what C. that D. where36. It is obvious to the students _ they should get well prepared for their fut

29、ure.A. as B. which C. whether D. that37.Is there any possibility _ you could pick me up at the airport? No problem.WhenB. that C. whetherD. What38.You have to know _ youre going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.A. whatB. thatC. whereD. who39.I truly believe _beauty comes from within.

30、A. that B. where C. what D. why40.I truly believe _beauty comes from within.A. that B. where C. what D. why41. If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate _ is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branched hidden in the water.A. what B. who C. that D. whoever42.We must find out _ Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.when B. how C. where D. why