1、關(guān)于SBS改性瀝青配合比設(shè)計(jì)及施工技術(shù)的探討 摘要在良好的設(shè)計(jì)配合比和施工條件下，SBS瀝青能使瀝青路面的耐久性和高溫穩(wěn)定性明顯提高。本文將根據(jù)南二路的施工試驗(yàn)情況，簡(jiǎn)要講述SBS改性瀝青的施工技術(shù)要求。一、SBS改性瀝青概述 SBS改性瀝青是在原有基質(zhì)瀝青（AH-70）的基礎(chǔ)上，摻加2.5%、3.0%、4.0的SBS改性劑，改性后的瀝青，與原瀝青相比，其高溫粘度增大，軟化點(diǎn)升高。在良好的設(shè)計(jì)配合比和施工條件下，瀝青路面的耐久性和高溫穩(wěn)定性明顯提高。在SBS改性瀝青生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中進(jìn)行了大量的室內(nèi)試驗(yàn)，生產(chǎn)后對(duì)其技術(shù)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行了現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn)，實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，外摻3.0%SBS的改性瀝青，軟化點(diǎn)、針入度等指標(biāo)

2、均滿足改性瀝青規(guī)范要求，可用SBS改性瀝青做瀝青混合料的配合比設(shè)計(jì)。二、SBS瀝青混合料的配合比設(shè)計(jì) 為了使設(shè)計(jì)的混合料能夠達(dá)到實(shí)施效果，需要從材料要求、施工工藝、質(zhì)量控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和質(zhì)量控制方法等諸多方面提出以下要求，希望能夠引起注意。（一）、原材料要求1-1粗集料：用于改性瀝青混合料面層的粗集料，宜采用碎石或碎礫石，其粒徑規(guī)格和質(zhì)量要求均應(yīng)符合公路瀝青路面施工技術(shù)規(guī)范（JTJ032-94）的規(guī)定1.粗集料應(yīng)潔凈、干燥、無(wú)風(fēng)化、無(wú)有害雜質(zhì)，且具有一定硬度和強(qiáng)度。2.粗集料應(yīng)具有良好的顆粒形狀，破碎礫石用于高速公路、一級(jí)公路時(shí)，應(yīng)采用大礫石破碎，并至少應(yīng)有兩個(gè)以上的破碎面。3、對(duì)于抗滑表層粗集料應(yīng)選

3、擇硬質(zhì)巖（中性或基性火成巖）。由于硬質(zhì)巖石與瀝青的粘接力存在著較大差異，粗集料與瀝青的粘附性應(yīng)不小于4級(jí)。對(duì)于35mm石屑部分由于含量較低，并且該部分對(duì)瀝青混合料形成嵌接結(jié)構(gòu)有一定的作用，建議用硬質(zhì)巖石屑（玄武巖）。1-2細(xì)集料細(xì)集料包括人工砂、天然砂。瀝青路面面層宜采用人工砂作為細(xì)集料，細(xì)集料應(yīng)潔凈、干燥、無(wú)風(fēng)化、無(wú)有害雜質(zhì)，有適當(dāng)?shù)念w粒組成，并與改性瀝青有良好的粘附性，天然砂由于質(zhì)量變化大（大部分為中粗砂），形狀較圓滑，與瀝青的粘附性差，對(duì)瀝青混合料影響較大。對(duì)于高速公路、一級(jí)公路瀝青混合料，天然砂的含量不宜超過(guò)20，可用0-3mm的石屑粉代替天然砂。1-3填充料用于改性瀝青混合料面層的填

4、料應(yīng)潔凈、干燥，其質(zhì)量應(yīng)符合公路瀝青路面技術(shù)規(guī)范規(guī)定的技術(shù)要求。1、改性瀝青混合料填充料宜采用強(qiáng)基性巖石（石灰?guī)r、巖漿巖）等增水性石料經(jīng)磨細(xì)得到的礦粉，礦粉要求干燥、潔凈，不宜使用混合料生產(chǎn)中干法除塵的回收粉。2、采用水泥、消石灰粉做填料時(shí)，其用量不宜超過(guò)礦料總量的2%。3、對(duì)于瀝青表面層混合料不推薦使用在混合料生產(chǎn)排回收粉，當(dāng)塑性指數(shù)小于4且親水系數(shù)小于0.8時(shí)，經(jīng)過(guò)試驗(yàn)可以部分的使用，回收粉用量每盤(pán)不能超過(guò)礦粉總量的四分之一。（二）、瀝青混合料配合比設(shè)計(jì)：改性瀝青混合料的配合比設(shè)計(jì)，應(yīng)遵循公路瀝青路面施工技術(shù)規(guī)范中關(guān)于熱拌瀝青混合料配合比設(shè)計(jì)的目標(biāo)配合比、生產(chǎn)配合比及試拌試鋪的三個(gè)階段，確

5、定礦料級(jí)配及最佳改性瀝青用量。2-1級(jí)配瀝青混合料配合比設(shè)計(jì)級(jí)配應(yīng)采用貝雷法進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)，級(jí)配選擇原則：AC-13I型混合料2.36mm以下篩孔通過(guò)量應(yīng)取級(jí)配下限以達(dá)到密實(shí)、嵌擠。2-2粉料比小于0.075mm含量的多少對(duì)瀝青混合料體積指標(biāo)和路用性能影響很大，混合料級(jí)配中小于0.075mm的含量必須考慮粗集料本應(yīng)含有的粉塵部分。要求礦粉含量不超過(guò)瀝青含量，小于0.075mm部分與瀝青含量之間的比值即粉料比應(yīng)存在11.2之間，對(duì)瀝青面層混合料礦粉含量宜取4.55。2-3注意事項(xiàng):改性瀝青混和料的設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中以下問(wèn)題上引起注意。A、混和料的拌合和擊實(shí)溫度應(yīng)根據(jù)改性瀝青路面施工技術(shù)規(guī)范和根據(jù)瀝青膠結(jié)料的粘

6、溫關(guān)系曲線進(jìn)行確定，進(jìn)行室內(nèi)配合比設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)的拌合、擊實(shí)溫度應(yīng)與拌合廠拌合溫度、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)碾壓溫度一致。建議溫度見(jiàn)下表：改性瀝青的試驗(yàn)和施工溫度：溫度密級(jí)配瀝青混合料拌合溫度不小于160；初壓溫度不小于150；復(fù)壓溫度不小于140；終壓溫度不小于120。B、試驗(yàn)取樣和拌合時(shí)要保證瀝青膠結(jié)料的均勻性，應(yīng)將制備好的膠結(jié)料拌合均勻后進(jìn)行取樣和混合料的制備。C、混合料體積指標(biāo)的測(cè)定要統(tǒng)一，對(duì)于密級(jí)配瀝青混合料試件密度的測(cè)定應(yīng)統(tǒng)一采用表干法。D、改性瀝青混合料的水穩(wěn)定性應(yīng)符合以下兩個(gè)指標(biāo)要求，達(dá)不到要求時(shí)應(yīng)采取抗剝落措施：(1)、采用“瀝青混合料馬歇爾穩(wěn)定度試驗(yàn)”方法測(cè)定的48h浸水馬歇爾穩(wěn)定度試驗(yàn)殘留穩(wěn)定度不應(yīng)

7、小于80%。（2）、采用“瀝青混合料凍融劈裂試驗(yàn)”方法測(cè)定的劈裂強(qiáng)度比不應(yīng)小于80%。三、SBS瀝青混合料的施工 SBS瀝青是一種以彈性塑膠類改性瀝青，正確使用可以顯著提高瀝青面層的抗車轍性能，增加耐久性，增加抗老化能力，延長(zhǎng)公路的壽命。與AH-70基質(zhì)瀝青相比，SBS瀝青的粘度和軟化點(diǎn)顯著增加，SBS瀝青的運(yùn)輸儲(chǔ)存和路面面層施工有一些與基質(zhì)瀝青不同的要求，只有正確使用才能達(dá)到預(yù)期效果。1、拌合、運(yùn)輸?shù)募夹g(shù)要求 為保證瀝青混合料的質(zhì)量更穩(wěn)定，瀝青用量更準(zhǔn)確，宜采用間隙式拌和機(jī)拌和。拌和必須均勻，只有SBS瀝青改性劑完全分散在瀝青中，才能充分發(fā)揮其效能，對(duì)于密級(jí)配（AC-13I）混合料，應(yīng)做到拌

8、合后的混合料均勻一致，無(wú)細(xì)料和粗料分離及花白、結(jié)成團(tuán)塊的現(xiàn)象。由于SBS改性瀝青混合料的施工溫度要求較高，建議拌合溫度控制在160,運(yùn)輸車必須加蓋篷布或其它保溫材料，防止結(jié)合料表面結(jié)硬，為確保攤鋪連續(xù)以及平整度大小符合技術(shù)規(guī)范要求，必須保證攤鋪機(jī)前至少兩輛車等待卸料，決不能出現(xiàn)攤鋪機(jī)等車的現(xiàn)象。其余要求應(yīng)滿足改性瀝青路面施工技術(shù)規(guī)范的技術(shù)要求。2、攤鋪的技術(shù)要求 SBS瀝青混合料在攤鋪時(shí)應(yīng)盡量連續(xù)不斷的施工，以減少攤鋪機(jī)和壓路機(jī)的停頓，應(yīng)盡量減少橫縫，提高其面層平整度。為提高路面的平整度，表面層宜采用攤鋪前后保持相同高差的雪橇式攤鋪厚度控制方式。由于SBS瀝青粘度較大，粘附力強(qiáng)，用部分?jǐn)備仚C(jī)的

9、后雪橇是膠輪式結(jié)構(gòu)，膠輪易粘附混合料細(xì)顆粒，影響平整度，所以攤鋪機(jī)后雪橇是膠輪式結(jié)構(gòu)的必須改成鋼滑靴式結(jié)構(gòu)。攤鋪速度應(yīng)控制在2米/分鐘，做到緩慢、均勻、連續(xù)不間斷地?cái)備仯闺S意變換速度或中途停頓。 提高攤鋪過(guò)程中的預(yù)壓密實(shí)度。改性瀝青SBS混合料在高溫狀態(tài)下主要是靠粗集料的嵌擠作用，可適當(dāng)提高夯錘振搗頻率，使剩余壓實(shí)系數(shù)減少，初壓的痕跡也極小，進(jìn)而確保路面的最終平整度。3、碾壓的技術(shù)要求 對(duì)于密級(jí)配型混合料，其適宜的碾壓溫度范圍是130150，其最終碾壓溫度不低于110。SBS瀝青混合料的壓實(shí)工藝本著以下原則進(jìn)行：按照“緊跟、慢壓、高頻、低幅”“碾壓八字方針進(jìn)行碾壓，壓路機(jī)必須緊跟攤鋪機(jī)的后

10、面，只有在高溫條件下碾壓才能取得更好的效果，壓實(shí)速度控制在45km/h。碾壓速度均衡，倒退時(shí)關(guān)閉振動(dòng)，方向要逐漸地改變，不許擰著彎行走，對(duì)每一道碾壓起點(diǎn)或終點(diǎn)可稍微扭彎碾壓，消除碾壓接頭輪跡。決不允許在新鋪瀝青混合料上轉(zhuǎn)向、調(diào)頭、左右移動(dòng)位置。突然剎車或停車休息，通過(guò)南二路第一、二合同段SBS瀝青試驗(yàn)段，確定的壓實(shí)工藝為DD110或DD130壓路機(jī)23檔各碾壓3遍，即初壓1遍，高頻低幅振動(dòng)碾壓2遍，終壓2遍。特別注意：施工時(shí)若發(fā)現(xiàn)壓路機(jī)粘輪時(shí)，用洗衣粉水較好。4、SBS瀝青混合料的質(zhì)量控制 對(duì)于瀝青面層混合料，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的壓實(shí)效果應(yīng)采用空隙率和壓實(shí)度雙向控制?？障堵视?jì)算所需的最大理論密度以每天實(shí)測(cè)為

11、準(zhǔn)，測(cè)試按照“瀝青路面混合料最大相對(duì)密度試驗(yàn)（真空法）（T071193）”進(jìn)行?，F(xiàn)場(chǎng)瀝青混合料空隙率為3%6%。表面層瀝青混合料壓實(shí)度的檢驗(yàn)，以實(shí)測(cè)芯樣為準(zhǔn)。四、結(jié)束語(yǔ) 隨著SBS改性瀝青在我國(guó)的進(jìn)一步推廣，必將在我國(guó)的道路建設(shè)中發(fā)揮重要作用，希望通過(guò)以上對(duì)SBS改性瀝青在生產(chǎn)施工中應(yīng)注意的施工技術(shù)要求，對(duì)大家有所幫助，以上不足之處，望各位同仁提出寶貴意見(jiàn)。譯文：The SBS modified pitch match ratio design and discussion of construction technology The summary under good design mat

12、ch ratio and execution conditions, SBS pitch can make the durability on the pitch road surface and high-temperature stability obviously improve . This text will test the situation according to the construction of No. two in the south , will tell the construction specification requirement for the mod

13、ified pitch of SBS briefly . First, SBS modified pitch summary The modified pitch of SBS is on the basis of original host pitch (AH-70 ), is it add 2.5% - 3.0% to mix, 4.0% SBS modify pharmaceutical, modify pitch after , compare with original pitch, its high-temperature viscidity increases, soften a

14、nd click rising. Under good design match ratio and execution conditions, the durability on the pitch road surface and high-temperature stability obviously improve. Test while going on in a large number of rooms while the modified pitch of SBS produces, carry on the on-the-spot experiment to its tech

15、nical indicator after production, experimental result indicate outside mix 3.0% modified pitch of SBS , soften some , needle enter degree index meet modified pitch standardize the request, can make the match ratio design of the pitch mixture with the modified pitch of SBS . Second, the match ratio o

16、f the pitch mixture of SBS is designed In order to enable the mixture designed to reach the implementing effect, need to propose the following request from a great deal of respects , such as material requiring , construction craft , quality control standard and quality control method ,etc., hope to

17、arouse attention. (1) , the raw materials are required Collect the material thickly by 1-1: For the thick collection material of layer the modified pitch mixture, should adopt the broken stone or garrulous gravel , its specification of foot-path and quality requirement should accord with the regulat

18、ion of pitch road surface construction technical specification of the highway (JTJ032-94 ) 1.It should be clean , dry , has not weathered , not harmful to the impurity to collect the material thickly , and have certain hardness and intensity. 2.It should have good particle forms to collect the mater

19、ial that thick, when the broken gravel is used in the expressway , Class I Highway, should adopt the big gravel brokenly , and there should be two or more brokenness ones at least. 3, should choose the hard quality rock to collect the material in resisting the slippery top layer thickly (neutral or

20、base igenous rock). Because there are greater differences in the glueing the relay of hard quality rock and pitch, the thick seizing which collects the material and pitch should not be smaller than 4 grades . To 3- 5mm stone bits part it is relatively low because of the content, and this part forms

21、the scary structure and has certain function to the pitch mixture, propose using the rock bits of hard quality (basalt). Collect the material thinly by 1-2 The detailed collection material includes artificial sand , natural sand. Each of pitch road surface should adopt the artificial sand as collect

22、ing the material thinly , it should be clean , dry , has not weathered , not harmful to the impurity to collect the material thinly, made up of proper particle, and have good seizing with the modified pitch, natural sand change with quality heavy(majority thick sand in being), relatively slick and s

23、ly form have, with the seizing difference of the pitch , exert a great influence on pitch mixture. To the expressway , Class I Highway pitch mixture, the content of the natural sand is unsuitable to exceed 20%, the stone bits powder of available 0-3mm replaces the natural sand. Pack the material by

24、1-3 Packing of layer should clean dry the mixture for modified pitch, specification requirement that quality should accord with the regulations of pitch road surface technical specification of the highway its. 1, the modified pitch mixture should be adopted the strong base rock (limestone , magmatic

25、 rock ) ,etc. to increase the building stones of swimming skill to rub the detailed ore powder that got to pack the material, ore it is dry clean , unsuitable to use mixture production do recovery powder , law of dust removal for powder to require. 2, while adopting the cement, subdueing the lime po

26、wder to make packing, its consumption is unsuitable to exceed 2% of the ore material general quantity. 3, does not recommend using and producing and arranging and retrieving the powder in the mixture one floor of mixture of pitch surface, when the plasticity index is smaller than 4 and hydrophilic c

27、oefficient is smaller than 0.8, through testing all right some use, retrieve 1/4 that cant exceed the ore powder general quantity of each one of consumption of powder. (2) , pitch mixture match ratio is designed: Match ratio design of the modified pitch mixture, should follow the pitch road surface

28、construction technical specification of the highway China mixes pitch mixture goal match ratio , match ratio of production that are designed of match ratio and tries mixing three stages that try paving about heat, confirm ore material one grade of mixing and best modified pitch consumption. 2-1 grad

29、es mixing Pitch mixture match ratio is designed grade mixes and should adopt Bei LeiFa to design , grade is worthy of choosing the principle: Should fetch grade and mix lower limit to sift the hole in order to reach under mixture 2.36mm of Model AC-13I. 2-2 powder expect than The amount smaller than

30、 0.075mm content exerts a tremendous influence to the index of volume of pitch mixture and way with performance , mixture grade content to smaller than 0.075mm must consider thick to collect dust part that material should contain in mixing. Require ore powder content exceed pitch content , smaller t

31、han 0.075mm part and ratio , pitch of content powder material than should exist 1- 1., should fetch the content of ore powder of one floor of mixture the pitch 4.5- 5. 2-3 precautions: The modified pitch mixes and arouses attention on the following problem in the design process with the material . S

32、hut and should hit real temperature according to the road surface construction technical specification of modified pitch and confirms according to glueing the warm relation curve of glued material of pitch in the mixing of A , mixing and material, mixing and shutting , hitting real temperature and s

33、hould mix and shuts temperature with mix and shut the factory , rolls temperature live while carrying on the indoor match ratio design. Propose that temperature sees the following form: The test of the modified pitch and construction temperature: Temperature security mixes the pitch mixture It is no

34、t below 160 degrees Centigrade to mix the temperature of shutting; Press temperature and is not below 150 degrees Centigrade for the first time; It is not below 140 degrees Centigrade to reply the temperature of pressing; Press temperature and is not below 120 degrees Centigrade after all. B , test

35、take a sample and mix the fashionable homogeneity that should guarantee the glued material of pitch , should prepare good glued material mix after shutting even going on taking a sample and preparation of mixture. The survey of C , mixture volume index will be unified , the survey mixing the pitch m

36、ixture and trying a density to security should adopt forms to do the law in unison . Water and stability of D , modified pitch mixture should accord with two following index requests , should be taken and resisted to peel off the measure while reaching the request: (1), adopt Marshall of pitch mixtu

37、re steady degree test 48h soaked with water Marshall steady degrees of test that method determine remain steady degree should lighter than 80% . ( 2) , adopt pitch mixture is it is it is it test intensity of splitting off that method determine than should 80% lighter than to split off to melt to fre

38、eze. Third, construction of the pitch mixture of SBS SBS pitch one with elastic plastic modified pitch, correct to is it can improve story resist rut performance the pitch notably to use, increase durability, increase and resist aging ability , lengthen the life-span of the highway. Compared with ho

39、st pitch of AH-70, the viscidity and softenning and clicking increasing notably of SBS pitch , the transportation of SBS pitch has some requests different from host pitch to construct with floor the road surface to store, only use reaching the anticipated result correctly. 1, mix the specification r

40、equirement shut , transporting More steady for the quality of guaranteeing the pitch mixture, pitch consumption is more accurate, should adopt the interval type mixing and stir machine to mix and stir . It must be even to mix and stir, only SBS pitch modifies the pharmaceutical is totally dispersed

41、in the pitch , could give full play to its efficiency , as to the thing that security mixes(AC-13I) the mixture, it is even and unanimous to mix the mixture after shutting, phenomenon that not so separated from thick material and black and white forming the group one as thin material . Because the t

42、emperature of construction of the modified pitch mixture of SBS is expected relatively much, propose mixing the temperature of shutting to control in 160 degrees Centigrade, the transport vechicle must put on tarpaulin or other heat insulator , prevent combining the material surface to form hard , i

43、t accords with the technical specification request that big or small in order to guarantee paving in succession and roughness, must guarantee that at least two cars waited to unload the material , the phenomenon that must not present the paver and wait for bus in front of the paver . The others requ

44、ire that should meet the specification requirement for the road surface construction technical specification of modified pitch . 2, the specification requirement paved Successive construction that SBS pitch mixture should try ones best while paving, in order to reduce the stopping of the paver and r

45、oad roller , should try ones best to reduce and sew , improve its roughness. In order to improve the roughness of the road surface, the surface layer should keep the sled type of the same discrepancy in elevation paving the control method of the thickness before and after adopting and paving . Becau

46、se SBS pitch viscidity is relatively great, it is strong to seize strength, it is the rubber tyer type structure to use the back sleds of some pavers, the rubber tyer is apt to seize the thin particle of mixture, influence the roughness, so the sled is that rubber tyer type structure must be made in

47、to the slippery boots type structure of steel after the paver. Pave the speed and should be controlled in 2 meters per minute, make sure to pave without stopping slowly , evenly and in succession , forbid varying the speed or layovering at will . The ones that improved and paved in the course were p

48、ressed closely knit degree in advance. The modified pitch SBS mixture is mainly by collecting inlaying the function of crowding of material thickly under the high-temperature state, but improve the rammer hammer properly and shake the frequency of smashing , make surplus debulk coefficient reduce, t

49、he mark pressed for the first time is extremely small, and then guarantee the final roughness of the road surface . 3, the specification requirement rolled To the security mixing type mixture, its suitable rolling the temperature range is 130 degrees Centigrade- 150 degrees Centigrade, it roll tempe

50、rature and is not lower than 110 degrees Centigrade finally. The debulk craft of the pitch mixture of SBS goes on in line with the following principle: According to is it roll the Eight Character policy roll to follow keep , high frequency , low piece closely , not slow , the road roller must be fol

51、lowed closely in the back of the paver, only by rolling make better result under the high-temperature condition can it, the speed of debulk is controlled in 4- 5km/h. It is balanced to roll the speed, close vibration when falling back, the direction should change gradually, mustnt twist curved to walk, to roll starting point or terminal point