1、8B Unit 1Past and present(Revision) Learning aims: 掌握本單元的重點單詞、短語和句子。掌握本單元的重點單詞、短語和句子。2. 掌握現(xiàn)在完成時的基本構(gòu)成和用法。掌握現(xiàn)在完成時的基本構(gòu)成和用法。 Part1 Words1. 現(xiàn)在，目前現(xiàn)在，目前 2.街區(qū)街區(qū)3.廢料廢料 4.意識到，實現(xiàn)意識到，實現(xiàn)5.改進，改善改進，改善 (名詞名詞) 6.形勢，情況形勢，情況7.盡管，即使這樣盡管，即使這樣 8.環(huán)境，條件環(huán)境，條件9.到（在）國外到（在）國外 10.正是，沒錯正是，沒錯11.小學(xué)教育的，初級的小學(xué)教育的，初級的12.丈夫丈夫13.妻子妻子 (復(fù)

2、數(shù)復(fù)數(shù))14.環(huán)境環(huán)境 (形容詞形容詞)presentblockwasterealizeimprovesituationanyway condition abroadexactlyprimaryhusbandwifewivesimprovementenvironmentenvironmental Part1 Words1. 北方 (adj.)2.南方 (adj.)3.結(jié)婚(vt.) (adj.) （n.） 4.污染 (vt.) (adj.) （n.） 5.采訪(vt.) (n.) （n.） 6.進來，最近 (adv.) (adj.) 7.交流，交際(vt.) (n.) northsouther

3、nnorthernmarrysouthcommunicationpollute recentlypollutedinterviewcommunicatepollutionmarriedmarriageinterviewinterviewerrecent用所給詞的適當形式填空：用所給詞的適當形式填空： We can learn a lot about Yangzhous Past and _(現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在). I cant imagine how terrible the _(形勢形勢) was at that time. Our government has done something to _

4、(改善改善) peoples living _(條件條件)。 -You were still at _(初級的初級的) school then.-_(正是正是). My cousin has decided to go _(到國外到國外) for further education. We should take active actions to protect our _(環(huán)境環(huán)境)。I would like to be a member of Green First, an _ group.improvepresentsituationconditionsprimaryexactlyab

5、roadenvironmentenvironmental用所給詞的適當形式填空：用所給詞的適當形式填空：1. Drinking _ water does harm to ones health so water _ is really terrible. (pollute)2. Guang dong Province is in the _ part of China. (south ).3. Mr. Sun is a great _. He has _ many famous people. (interview)4.- Do you know Mary got _ to a pilot?

6、-Yes, they_ for nearly two years. (marry)5.How do you keep in touch with your friends?- We mainly _ by email. The Internet makes _ much easier.(交流交流)southernpollutedpollutioninterviewerinterviewedmarriedhave been marriedcommunicatecommunication中考學(xué)案大本中考學(xué)案大本P65 1.change n./v.change a lotthe changes to

7、Yangzhou _over these years. 這些年來揚州變化很大！這些年來揚州變化很大！There _ Yangzhou over these years. Great changes _in Yangzhou over these years. has changed a lot have been great changes in/tohave taken place Part1 Phrases & sententces 1. get married 結(jié)婚 be/get married to Sb. marry Sb. 和某人結(jié)婚 Tom _ Mary in 1965.

8、 Mary _ Tom in 1965. Tom and Mary _ in 1965. They _ since 1965.易混淆短語：易混淆短語：use sth to do sth 用某物做某事用某物做某事be used to do /for doing sth 被用來做某事被用來做某事be used as sth被用為某物被用為某物be used to doing sth習(xí)慣于做某事習(xí)慣于做某事used to beused to studyFill in the blanks.1.There _(過去是）過去是）a clean river and it _(use) to wash cl

9、othes.2.Can you tell me different _(用處用處)of a computer?3.The new light rail _(投入使用投入使用)since 2005. 4.刀被用來切東西刀被用來切東西 Knives _5.以前，我不習(xí)慣早起以前，我不習(xí)慣早起 In the past, I _used to bewas used useshas been in useare used to cut things/for cutting thingswasnt used to getting up early中考學(xué)案大本中考學(xué)案大本P67 小試身手小試身手5He fe

10、els lonely .He feels lonely .He spent doing his homework.We will visit there next week. The Whites have been to Hongkong _. 4. from time to time 不時，有時，偶爾不時，有時，偶爾sometimes =at times易混淆單詞或短語：易混淆單詞或短語：some time sometime some timesfrom time to timesometimes at timessome timesometime一段時間一段時間某一時候某一時候幾次幾次s

11、ome times5. feel a bit lonely 感到有點兒寂寞感到有點兒寂寞 alone adj.&adv. lonely adj. eg. 1. 他一個人單獨居住他一個人單獨居住,但從不感到寂寞但從不感到寂寞. He lives _, but he never feels _. 2. 他一個人住在偏僻的村莊里他一個人住在偏僻的村莊里. He _.lives alone in a lonely village單獨單獨 , 一個人一個人 ( 用作表語或狀語用作表語或狀語 )孤獨的孤獨的,寂寞的寂寞的,偏僻的偏僻的 (作表語或定語作表語或定語 ) a bit/a little/

12、a little bit + adj.(adv.)a bit of /a little + 不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞He knows _French.eg.他懂得一點法語。他懂得一點法語。Shes _afraid of her father.a bit/a little/a little bita bit of /a little 6.a little, a bit 有點兒有點兒她有點兒害怕她的父親。她有點兒害怕她的父親。拓展：拓展：not a bit not a little一點也不一點也不 很多，非常很多，非常你一點都不老。你一點都不老。You are _ old.我最近麻煩事很多。我最近麻煩

13、事很多。 I have_ trouble recently.not a bit not a little1. 現(xiàn)在完成時的肯定句句型現(xiàn)在完成時的肯定句句型 主語（第一、二人稱單、復(fù)數(shù)主語（第一、二人稱單、復(fù)數(shù))+have 主語（第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)）主語（第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)） +have +過去分詞過去分詞 主語（第三人稱單數(shù)主語（第三人稱單數(shù)） +has 2. 現(xiàn)在完成時的否定句句型現(xiàn)在完成時的否定句句型 主語主語+have/has+not+過去分詞過去分詞+ I have not seen the movie yet. He hasnt been to Beijing since then. We ha

14、ve lived in Beijing. He has lived in Beijing. I have finished my homework. Part3 Grammar Present perfect tense3.現(xiàn)在完成時的一般疑問句句型現(xiàn)在完成時的一般疑問句句型 Have/Has+主語主語+過去分詞過去分詞+. Have you finished the work? Has she arrived here?4.現(xiàn)在完成時的特殊疑問句句型現(xiàn)在完成時的特殊疑問句句型 特殊疑問詞特殊疑問詞+have/has+主語主語+過去分詞過去分詞+. How many times have yo

15、u been to the Great Wall?movelivelovelikevisitrepairwatchfinishvisited visited repaired repairedwatched watchedfinished finishedmoved moved lived lived loved loved liked liked verbed以以e結(jié)尾結(jié)尾dstopmoptrapplanstopped stopped mopped moppedtrapped trappedplanned planned注注:以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞,

16、雙寫雙寫最后一個輔音字母最后一個輔音字母ed雙寫雙寫edstudy hurrystudied studiedhurried hurried去去yied注注:以輔音字母加以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞結(jié)尾的詞,去去yied.Exercises:bringbuy fallfeel speak thinkwritebrought broughtbought boughtfell fallenfelt feltspoke spokenthought thoughtwrote written這種用法常與這種用法常與already, just, yet, ever, never, recently,before(

17、句末句末)等連用等連用1.I _ (do) my homework already.2.He _(not finished) his homework yet.3._you ever _(be) to Beijing?4.We _ never _ (see) such an exciting match before.5.Mother _ just _(clean) the house. Please dont come in.6.They _(practice) this dialogue twice.have donehas not finishedHavebeenhaveseenhasc

18、leanedhave practiced6.6.用法用法1 1：表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系或造成影響。狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系或造成影響。注意：注意：當在肯定陳述句中含有當在肯定陳述句中含有alreadyalready或或just just 時，在轉(zhuǎn)換成否定句或疑問句時，要把句中的時，在轉(zhuǎn)換成否定句或疑問句時，要把句中的already already 或或just just 去掉，在句末加上去掉，在句末加上yet. yet. I havent seen the film yet.2 I have done my homework alrea

19、dy.I havent done my homework yet.3. Mother has just cleaned the house.Mother hasnt cleaned the house yet.1 I have seen the film already. 這種用法還可與這種用法還可與 for +一段時間一段時間, since, these years, so far, in the past/last years等連用等連用1.We _ (learn) English for over three years.2.Mr. Green _ (be) in China these

20、 years.3.They _(write) 15 songs so far.4.The population _ (grow) more slowly in the past ten years.5.Great changes _ (take) place in my hometown since I was born.have learnedhas beenhave writtenhas grown7.7.用法用法2 2：表示動作或狀態(tài)從過去某一時刻開始并一直延表示動作或狀態(tài)從過去某一時刻開始并一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在續(xù)到現(xiàn)在, ,且有可能持續(xù)下去。且有可能持續(xù)下去。have takenAttent

21、ion: since的用法1. Since+ 過去某個時間（此時過去某個時間（此時 since充當介詞）充當介詞） Eg: He has been in this school since 1999.2. Since+一段時間一段時間+ ago （此時（此時 since充當介詞）充當介詞） Eg: She has known Susan since seven years ago.3. Since+ 從句從句 （此時（此時 since充當連詞）充當連詞）（此時主句使用完成時，從句則要使用過去時）（此時主句使用完成時，從句則要使用過去時）Eg: I have lived here since I

22、 was born.4.當主句的謂語動詞為當主句的謂語動詞為be或或seem時，則主句要采用一般現(xiàn)在時時，則主句要采用一般現(xiàn)在時,從句仍從句仍使用過去時。使用過去時。Eg: Its a long time since we left school. for or since1. We have lived here _ 1990.2. How long have you studied here ? _ 5 years .3. The boy has had a bad cold _ last night .4. Mr. Huang has kept the books _ a week ag

23、o .5.I have taught in the school _ I came here .6We have been friends _ a long time .sinceForsincesincesincefor中考學(xué)案大本中考學(xué)案大本P68 小試身手小試身手8 His father has died. (for 2 years) The football match has begun.(since9:00a.m) The twins have joined the army. (since they were 18years old) My teacher has just le

24、ft Nanjing. (since 3 days ago)His father has been dead for 2 years.The football match has been on since 9:00 a.m.The twins have been soldiers/ been in the army since they were 18years old. My teacher has been away from Nanjing since 3 days ago.8.延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動詞延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動詞在現(xiàn)在完成時中的使用在現(xiàn)在完成時中的使用延續(xù)性動詞延續(xù)性動詞

25、: : be, have, know, live, work, study, learn, teach, wait, wear, walk, sleep等，等，這些動詞可以和表示一段時間的狀語連用。這些動詞可以和表示一段時間的狀語連用。非延續(xù)性動詞非延續(xù)性動詞: :come, go, arrive, leave, begin, start, buy, join, die, borrow等，等， 這些動詞這些動詞可用于可用于現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在完成時，說明某個動作的在完成時，說明某個動作的結(jié)果還存在結(jié)果還存在，但但不能不能與表示與表示一段時間一段時間的狀語連用。的狀語連用。通常延續(xù)性動詞可以表示一種狀態(tài)，和表

26、示通常延續(xù)性動詞可以表示一種狀態(tài)，和表示一段時間的狀語連用。一段時間的狀語連用。He has been here for two hours.而非延續(xù)性動詞通常表示某一動作的發(fā)生，而非延續(xù)性動詞通常表示某一動作的發(fā)生，要想用非延續(xù)性動詞和表示一段時間的狀要想用非延續(xù)性動詞和表示一段時間的狀語連用，必須要用相對應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞進語連用，必須要用相對應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞進行轉(zhuǎn)換。行轉(zhuǎn)換。He has bought a new book.He has bought a new book for three days.had具體見課本具體見課本P 28 He has bought the book. He h

27、as bought the book for a week. He has had the book for a week. buyhavecome /go/get tobe injoin be inbe a member of leave be away borrow keep begin be on finish be over die be dead return be back She has bought the computer for two years.hadbuyhave/has hadHow long have you come to the United States？

28、been income tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadAnn has gone to China since three months ago.been income tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been inMy brother has joined the army for five years. been inbeen a soldier come tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been inarrive inhave/ha

29、s been injoin have/has been inhave/has been a soldier I have left Shanghai for 3 days. been away from come tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been inget tohave/has been injoin have/has been inhave/has been a soldier leave have/has been away I have borrowed the dictionary since 3 days ago

30、 . kept come tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been inget tohave/has been injoin have/has been inhave/has been a soldier leave have/has been away borrow have/has kept The film has begun for 10 minutes. been on come tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been inget tohave/has bee

31、n injoin have/has been inhave/has been a soldier leave have/has been away borrow have/has kept begin have/has been on 類似的轉(zhuǎn)換還有：類似的轉(zhuǎn)換還有：fall asleepbe asleep ; catch a cold have a cold ; move therebe there; get to knowknow; open be open; colsebe closed ;wake upbe awake 等等 巧記巧記10個瞬間性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換個瞬間性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換 (課本課本

32、 U2 P28) “開始離去借來還，出生入死買到家開始離去借來還，出生入死買到家”1 beginbe on6 returnbe back2 leavebe away from7 joinbe in/a member of3 gobe in8 diebe dead4 borrowkeep9 buyhave5 comebe in/at10 arrivebe in/at arrive/come/go to die become a borrow Leave/ move buy open join start/begin finish/ end catch a cold get up get to k

33、now get out close wake up go to sleep become interested in be in be deadhavekeepbe away / be out be abe in/a member ofbe openbe onbe overhave a coldbe upknowbe outbe closedbe awakebe asleep/ sleepbe interested inCorrecting 1. I have borrowed the book for 3 months. 2. My bother has joined the army si

34、nce he was 18. 3. Jack and Tom have lived here since 5years. 4. The film has been on since I have come to the cinema. 5. When has Mr. Li caught a bad cold? have kepthas been in/ been a soldiersince 5 years ago/ for 5 yearscame didcatch中考學(xué)案大本中考學(xué)案大本P69 單選單選 9.have/has gone與與have/has been 區(qū)別區(qū)別 have/has

35、 gone to:已經(jīng)去了或在途中，還沒有返回； have/has been to:曾今去過某地，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了,后面可接表示“次數(shù)”的狀語; have/has been in:表示某人“已在某地停留一段時間，現(xiàn)仍在那里”，其后常帶表示一段時間的狀語。 總結(jié)總結(jié) 1. Ten years have passed since they got married. 2. Jim has gone to Beijing for 2 years. 3.What time have the factory opened? 4.I have gone to Chunhua Middle School twi

36、ce.hashas been indidopenbeen toCorrecting 中考學(xué)案大本中考學(xué)案大本P72 小試身手小試身手6 eg. 他死了兩年了：He has been dead for two years /since two years ago. It is/ has been two years since he died.Two years has passed since he died. 1. 這本書我借了一個月了。這本書我借了一個月了。It is/ has been a month since I borrowed the book.I have kept the b

37、ook for a month. /since a month ago.A month has passed since I borrowed the book.I have been in Yangzhou since 2003.改寫出兩個同義句改寫出兩個同義句It has 12 years since I lived in Yangzhou.Twelve years has passed since I lived in Yangzhou.中考學(xué)案大本中考學(xué)案大本P72 小試身手小試身手7 1.I _this book for two weeks, I have to return it

38、now.A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. kept D. have kept2.The Greens _many places of interest since they came to China.A. will visit B. visited C. have visited D. visit3.My parents _ Shandong for ten years.A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been4.Im sorry, I _ your name.A. had forg

39、otten B. forgot C. have forgotten D. forgotten5.Her brother _the Party since 1978.A. joined B. has joined C. has been in D. was inExercise:現(xiàn)在完成時，強調(diào)這一動作產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果對現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在完成時，強調(diào)這一動作產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果對現(xiàn)在的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)。的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)。 一般過去時，僅僅表示在過去某一時刻曾發(fā)生一般過去時，僅僅表示在過去某一時刻曾發(fā)生過這一動作，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)過這一動作，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)。 他已學(xué)英語五年了他已學(xué)英語五年了。 He has studied Eng

40、lish for five years. 他曾學(xué)過五年英語。他曾學(xué)過五年英語。 He studied English for five years. （說明他還繼續(xù)學(xué)下去）（說明他還繼續(xù)學(xué)下去） （只說明他過去學(xué)過五年英語，但現(xiàn)在不學(xué)了。）只說明他過去學(xué)過五年英語，但現(xiàn)在不學(xué)了。） 一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時有一些明一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時有一些明顯的時間狀語：顯的時間狀語： 遇到遇到y(tǒng)esterday, Last year, in May, in+過去過去某一年，某一年，two days ago, just now等就用一等就用一般過去時。般過去時。當有當有 so far, in the past

41、/ last few days(在過在過去去/最近的幾年里最近的幾年里)，since接過去時間狀語接過去時間狀語或過去時的句子或過去時的句子等常用現(xiàn)在完成時。等常用現(xiàn)在完成時。 用所給詞的適當形式填空：用所給詞的適當形式填空：He _(work) in our school for one year.He _(come) to our school last year.They _(cook) the supper already.They _ (cook) the supper half an hour ago.中考指要中考指要P58 語法專練語法專練實力測驗實力測驗: 用所給詞的適當形式填

42、空用所給詞的適當形式填空 They_(go) to the cinema already.They_(go) to the cinema already. Mr. And Mrs.Li _(not come) Mr. And Mrs.Li _(not come) back yet.back yet. John_ (be)to the USA a few John_ (be)to the USA a few times.times. We _ (not see)that film yetWe _ (not see)that film yet I _ (not talk)to my cousin

43、I _ (not talk)to my cousin since last Friday.since last Friday.1.1.You _ (not visit)me for a You _ (not visit)me for a long time.long time.have gonehave not comehas beenhave not seenhave not talkedhave not visited7. Tom _ (buy) the bike for 2 years.8.I (not finish) the work yet.9. you (know) him sin

44、ce then?10.I _ (hear) from my father recently.11.We _ (be) there many times in the past 3 years.12.The dog _ (die) since 3 days ago.13.They _ (finish)the work so far.14.How long you _ (stay) at home yet?15.I _ (not read) the book before.16. He just (do) it.17.My sister _ (walk) to school every day last year.18.We _ (have) an exam again sometime next week.19.By 2012, we _ (plant) 2000 trees.20.Lucy _ _ (go) to Shanghai. She _ (leave)this morning. havent finishedHaveknownhave heardhave beenhas been deadhave finishedhavestayedhavent readhasdonewalkedwill havehave plantedhas gone