1、規(guī)則動詞與不規(guī)則動詞英語中大部分都是規(guī)則動詞。規(guī)則動詞都以加-ed詞尾的方式構(gòu)成過去式和過去分詞；又以加-ing詞尾的方式構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在分詞?，F(xiàn)在式Listen TreatWishDiscuss過去式ListenedTreatedWishedDiscussed過去分詞ListenedTreatedWishedDiscussed現(xiàn)在分詞ListeningTreatingwishingdiscussing但在加-ed及-ing詞尾時要注意：1 若以字母e結(jié)尾:：去式及過去分詞只需加-d；而現(xiàn)在分詞則要除去e加上-ing（雙e結(jié)尾的除外）。Lovelovedloving acknowledgeacknow

2、ledgedacknowledginglivelivedliving pleasepleasedpleasing2“輔音+y”結(jié)尾：過去式及過去分詞應(yīng)先變y為i，再加-ed；現(xiàn)在分詞只加-ing。studystudiedstudying trytriedtrying fryfriedfrying3“元音字母+一個輔音字母”結(jié)尾，該音節(jié)又重讀者，末尾輔音字母要雙寫-e，再加上-ed或-ing。planplannedplanning begbeggedbegging preferpreferredpreferringpermitpermittedpermitting在其他情況下都直接加-ed或-i

3、ng：Playplayedplaying（雖以y結(jié)尾，但前面是元音字母a）Packpackedpacking（末尾是兩個輔音字母，因此不需雙寫）repeatrepeatedrepeating（輔音字母前是兩個元音字母，因此輔音字母無需雙寫）openopenedopening（后面音節(jié)不重讀，因此末尾輔音字母也不需雙寫）4“一個元音字母+L”結(jié)尾的詞，英國人雙寫，美國人不雙寫：traveltravelledtravelling（英）traveltraveledtraveling（美）cancelcancelledcancelling（英）cancelcanceledcanceling（美）5若“

4、L”前面有兩個元音字母，L則一概不雙寫：revealrevealedrevealing（英、美） appealappealedappealing（英、美）6另有少數(shù)特殊的詞，盡管末尾音節(jié)不重讀，末尾輔音字母在英國仍然雙寫：Worshipworshippedworshipping（英）worshipworshipedworshiping（美）Kidnapkidnappedkidnapping（英）kidnapkidnapedkidnaping（美）programprogrammed（英）programprogramed（美國有時用此拼法）7以“X”結(jié)尾的詞，X不雙寫：taxtaxedtaxing

5、 mixmixedmixing在英語中，有些詞在加-ed/-ing時，其末尾字母需要雙寫。常見的有下面這些：abetbegcompeldipemitflaghopknitmugabhorblotconferdistilenrolgethugknotnagacquitbragcontroldotenthralgrinhumlagnetadmitbrimcramdragequipgripincurlognipallotchatcropdropexcelgroginstilmannodbanchopdamdrumexpelgunjammaroccurbarclapdeferdubfanhandica

6、pjogmobomitbatcommitdeterembedfithemjotmopoutwitpadplugscanpatpopscarpatrolpropscarppenpropelscrubpinrebelshippitrebutshopplanrecapshredplodrefer shrugshunslapstabstuntransfertripsinslipstarsubmittransmittrotsipslopstemsunthrobvetskidslotstepswaptipwagskimsnapstirtagtopwrapskinsobstoptantrapskipspot

7、 straptaptrekslamsquatstripthintrim另外，下面的詞在加-ed和-ing時，在英國英語中末尾的字母要雙寫，而在美國英語中卻不一定雙寫：Cancel dial equal hiccup initial kidnap label level Marvel model panel pedal pencil program quarrel refuel Revel rival shovel shrivel spiral stencil total travel Tunnel unravel worship不規(guī)則動詞數(shù)目雖然有限，但大多數(shù)是常用動詞，例如：Beatbeat

8、beatenbecomebecamebecomebeginbeganbegunblowblewblownbreakbrokebrokenbringbroughtbroughtbuildbuiltbuiltburstburstburstbuyboughtboughtcatchcaughtcaughtchoosechosechosencomecamecomecostcostcostdigdugdugdodiddonedrawdrewdrawndrinkdrankdrunkdrivedrovedriveneateateatenfallfellfallenfeelfeltfeltfindfoundfo

9、undflyflewflownforgetforgotforgotenforgiveforgaveforgivenfreezefrozefrizengetgotgotgivegavegivengowentgonegrowgrewgrownhavehadhadhearheardheardhidehidhiddenhithithitholdheldheldhurthurthurtkeepkeptkeptknowknewknownlaylaidlaidleadledledleaveleftleftlendlentlentletletletlielaylainloselostlostmakemadem

10、ademeanmeantmeantmeetmetmetpaypaidpaidputputputreadreadreadrideroderiddenringrangrungriseroserisenrunranrunsaysaidsaidseesawseensellsoldsoldsendsentsentsetsetsetshakeshookshakenshineshoneshoneshootshotshotshowshowedshownshutshutshutsingsangsungsinksanksunksitsatsatsleepsleptsleptspeakspokespokenspen

11、dspentspentspinspanspunspreadspreadspreadspringsprangsprungstandstoodstoodstealstolestolenstickstuckstuckstrikestruckstruckswimswamswumtaketooktakenteachtaughttaughtteartoretorntelltoldtoldthinkthoughtthoughtthrowthrewthrownwakewokewakenwearworeworn weepweptweptwinwonwonwritewrotewrittenunderstandun

12、derstoodunderstood這里面有些詞有兩種拼法，例如：英國拼法美國拼法burnburntburntburnburnedburneddreamdreamtdreamtdreamdreameddreamedleanleantleantleanleanedleanedleapleaptleaptleapleapedleapedlearnlearntlearntlearnlearnedlearnedsmellsmeltsmeltsmellsmelledsmelledspellspeltspeltspellspelledspelledspillspiltspiltspillspilledsp

13、illedspoilspoiltspoiltspoilspoiledspoiled現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成法現(xiàn)在分詞一般由動詞原形加-ing構(gòu)成，如：gogoing standstanding askasking answeranswering studystudying bebeing 但在下列情況下，拼寫應(yīng)作相應(yīng)變化：1 以不發(fā)音的-e結(jié)尾是動詞，須去掉e再加-ing。如：comecoming writewriting taketaking becomebecoming 但當(dāng)將-e去掉會引起發(fā)音變化時，最后的-e就應(yīng)保留。如： agreeagreeing singesingeing 另外，-e前為元

14、音是，-e也應(yīng)保留。如：canoecanoeing2 動詞是閉音節(jié)的單音節(jié)詞，或是以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的多音節(jié)詞，末尾只有一個輔音字母是，這個輔音字母須雙寫，再加-ing。如：sitsitting beginbeginning runrunning admitadmitting stopstopping forgetforgetting3 少數(shù)幾個以-ie結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)動詞，須變ie為y，再加-ing。如：diedying tietying lielying-s詞尾的加法在一般現(xiàn)在時中，如果主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，則動詞一般需加-s詞尾，如：She works in a computer company

15、. 她在電腦公司工作。He gives me a lot of help. 他給我許多幫助。一般情況下都直接加-s：comes lives plays listens因此在使用一般現(xiàn)在時時要經(jīng)常注意在第三人稱單數(shù)動詞后加-s詞尾。在加-s詞尾時要注意下面兩點：1 在以ch，sh，s，x或o結(jié)尾的詞后面要加-es：teachteaches catchcatches wishwishes washwashes missmisses guessguesses mixmixes fixfixes gogoes dodoes2 以“輔音+y”結(jié)尾的詞，先變y為i再加-es:trytries studys

16、tudies replyreplies flyflies在加-s詞尾時，讀音有許多值得注意的地方：1） 在/p/，/t/，/k/，/f/等清輔音后面，-s讀作/s/：Helps hopes lets gets asks thinks laughs coughs2） 在/s/，/z/，/，/t/，/ d3/等音后-s或-es讀作/iz/：Guesses stresses rises pleases washes brushes teaches catches urges wages3） 在其他情況下都讀作/z/：comes goes sees brings reads lies shows be

17、gins forgives動詞的緊縮形式主要的緊縮形式如下：I amIm You areyoure He ishes She isshes It isitsWe arewere They aretheyre There istheres There aretherereHere isheres That isthats I haveIve You haveyouveHe hashes She hasshes We haveweve They havetheyveWho haswhos I hadId I shall/willIll You willyoullHe willhell She willshell We shall/willwell They willtheyllI wouldId Who wouldwhod 另外，否定結(jié)構(gòu)也常有緊縮的形式：I am notIm not we are notwe arent he is nothe isnt he was nothe wasntThey were notthey werent we have notwe havent she has notshe hasntThey had notthey hadnt we will notwe wont I shall notI shant