1、 對(duì)照對(duì)照AntithesisDefinitionDefinition Fundamentally, contrasting ideas sharpened by the use of opposite or noticeably different meaning. A Dictionary of Literary Terms The rhetorical opposing contrasting of ideas by means of grammatically paralleled arrangements of words, clauses, or sentences Webster

2、s Third New International DictionaryFour LevelsFour Levels1. WordsKnowledge makes humble, ignorance makes proud. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add and detract. ( Abraham Lincoln: Gettysburg Address)The seed ye sow, another reaps;

3、The wealth ye find, another keeps;The robes ye weave, another wears;The arms ye forge, another bears. ( Percy Bysshe Shelley: Song to the Men of England) 2. Phrase We find ourselves rich in goods, but ragged in spirit, reaching with magnificent precision for the moon, but falling raucous discord on

4、earth. ( R. M. Nixon: Inaugural Address)The issue was simple, he declared ”The Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below.” ( Advanced English, Book 1, Unit 4)3. Clause I know not what course others may take: but as for me, give me libert

5、y, or give me death! ( Patrick Henry) And so, my fellow American, ask not what your country can do for you ask what you can do for your country. ( John F. Kennedy: Inaugural Address)4. Sentences An optimist sees an opportunity in every calamity, a pessimist sees a calamity in every opportunity. Craf

6、ty men contemn studies; simple men admire them; and wise men use them. ( Francis Bacon: Of Studies)Rhetorical EffectsRhetorical Effects1. 使用antithesis這一修辭格，可以使作者對(duì)事物的判斷準(zhǔn)確有力，揭示事物本質(zhì)，刻畫人物生動(dòng)形象，入木三分。 In order to procure a quantity of false, perishable goods, he has sold the only true, lasting good, his ow

7、n independence. ( Gilbort Highet: Diogenes and Alexander)2. 可使作品語(yǔ)言風(fēng)趣幽默。DickinsonDickinson: ( again pounding the desk) No, sir, Englishmen! FranklinFranklin: ( He has been asleep, his chin on his chest; now an eye opens.) Please, Mr. Dickinson but must you start banging? How is a man to sleep?( Laugh

8、ter) DickinsonDickinson: Forgive me, Dr. Franklin, but must you start speaking? How is a man to stay awake? ( Peter Stone and Sherman Edwards: 1776)3. 作品運(yùn)用antithesis修辭格，可以揭示事物內(nèi)部對(duì)立統(tǒng)一的辯證關(guān)系，不但加強(qiáng)了語(yǔ)勢(shì)，而且因?yàn)榫涫狡椒志鶆颍x起來(lái)朗朗上口，記憶深刻。 It was the best of times, it was the worst of times; it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness; it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity; it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness; it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair; we had everything before us, we had nothing before us; we were all going direct to