1、2012屆高考英語一輪單元總復(fù)習(xí)講義：外研版選修八Module 1知識(shí)詳解 adaptv使適應(yīng)；改編，改寫(回歸課本P2)Yet Antarctica is full of wildlife，which has adapted to its extreme conditions.但南極洲仍然棲息著很多野生生物，它們已經(jīng)適應(yīng)了那里極其惡劣的條件。13【歸納總結(jié)】【例句探源】Young kids often adapt themselves quickly to a new environment.小孩子往往很快就能適應(yīng)新環(huán)境。Everyone needs to do something to a

2、dapt to the social and economical changes.每個(gè)人都要采取措施來適應(yīng)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的變化。Many of Dickens books have been adapted as films.狄更斯的許多書都已改編成電影。【即境活用】1When they moved to Canada，the children _ the surroundings very well.Aadapted to Badopt toCused to Dattempted to解析：選A。adapt to適應(yīng)(新環(huán)境等)；adopt 采納；used to過去常常；attempt to試圖

3、，嘗試。根據(jù)句意，選擇A。2完成句子How do these insects _?這些昆蟲怎樣使自己適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境？答案：adapt themselves to new environmentsbalance v(使)平衡；(使)平穩(wěn)；權(quán)衡，比較 n平衡，均衡；天平(回歸課本P3)But more than two thousand years ago Greek geographers believed that there was a large land mass in the south which balanced the land in the north.但是2000多年以前，希臘

4、的地理學(xué)家認(rèn)為地球南邊有一塊陸地與北邊的陸地保持平衡?！練w納總結(jié)】【例句探源】The school aims to balance the amount of time spent on arts and science subjects.這所學(xué)校在時(shí)間安排上力爭(zhēng)做到文理并重。He kept his balance with his arms on top of the wall.他在墻頭上用胳膊保持平衡。If humans continue to destroy the forest，they will break the balance of nature.如果人類繼續(xù)破壞森林，他們將打破

5、生態(tài)平衡。Tourists often disturb the delicate balance of nature on the island.觀光客常常破壞島上微妙的自然生態(tài)平衡。(牛津P135)The programme presented a balanced view of the two sides of the conflict.節(jié)目公平地反映了沖突雙方的情況。【即境活用】3The reason for his _ was illness，but everyone knew hed gone to a football match.AabsenceBemergencyCbalan

6、ce Disolation解析：選A。句意：他稱病缺席，但誰都知道他是去看足球比賽了。absence缺席；emergency緊急情況；balance平衡；isolation孤立。由題意可知，A項(xiàng)正確。4完成句子The girl _ and fell off the balance beam.小女孩失去了平衡，從平衡木上摔了下來。答案：lost her balanceabsencen缺乏；沒有；缺席(回歸課本P11)Sunrise and sunset come once every six months，and in the winter the total absence of daylig

7、ht can be tiresome，and for some，depressing.日出和日落每6個(gè)月才有一次，冬季完全不見日光會(huì)令人厭倦，對(duì)有些人來說令人沮喪?！練w納總結(jié)】【例句探源】Ms.Leighton will be in charge during my absence.我不在時(shí)，由萊頓女士負(fù)責(zé)。I soon noticed his absence from the lecture.我很快察覺到他缺課了。(朗文P6)In the absence of a complete ban on smoking，employers should provide a separate plac

8、e for smokers.由于沒有完全禁煙，雇主應(yīng)該為吸煙者提供單獨(dú)的場(chǎng)所。Chen Shuibian was absent from the court because of his bad condition.因?yàn)樗眢w狀況不好，陳水扁沒有出庭。【即境活用】5In the _ of evidence，the police could not take action against the man.Alack BabsenceCshortage Dfailure解析：選B。考查名詞辨析。in the absence of“缺乏”的意思。句意為“由于缺乏證據(jù)，警察無法對(duì)這個(gè)人采取行動(dòng)?！眃i

9、scouragev阻止，制止；使泄氣，使灰心，打消的念頭(回歸課本P11)We discourage you from smoking except in specific areas.除了在特定區(qū)域，我們勸你不要吸煙。【歸納總結(jié)】【例句探源】The government will take measures to discourage the use of cars in cities.政府將采取限制在城市使用汽車的措施。(牛津P568)Learners can feel very discouraged if an exercise is too difficult.如果練習(xí)太難，學(xué)習(xí)者就

10、可能感到很沒信心。(牛津P568)His parents tried to discourage him from being an actor.他的父母試圖阻止他當(dāng)演員。The unfavorable reviews of his first novel were a great discouragement to him.他第一本小說所得的不利評(píng)論令他極其灰心喪氣?！炯淳郴钣谩?It is _ that so many young athletes are coming into the team.AencouragingBdiscouragingCencouraged Ddiscoura

11、ged解析：選A。句意為“這么多年輕運(yùn)動(dòng)員進(jìn)入到隊(duì)伍中真鼓舞人心?！?.All the employees except the manager _ to work online at home.Aencourages BencourageCis encouraged Dare encouraged解析：選D?？疾閯?dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與語態(tài)問題以及主謂一致原則。主語為all the employees,而except the manager為介詞短語，不影響主語與謂語關(guān)系，即謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，排除A項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)；又因all the employees與encourage之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選D項(xiàng)。p

12、romotevt.促進(jìn)；增進(jìn)；晉升，使升級(jí)；促銷；推銷(回歸課本P3)In particular，it aims to keep Antarctica free from nuclear tests and radioactive waste；to promote international scientific projects；and to end arguments about who owns the land.該條約尤其致力于保護(hù)南極洲不受核試驗(yàn)以及放射性廢物的污染，推進(jìn)國際科研項(xiàng)目，并且終止那些關(guān)于這片土地所有權(quán)的爭(zhēng)論。【歸納總結(jié)】【例句探源】The government is c

13、ommitted to promote the development and use of public transport.政府致力于倡導(dǎo)公共交通的發(fā)展和使用。 They often have a talk to each other to promote understanding.他們經(jīng)常相互交談以增進(jìn)了解。Our English teacher has been promoted to headmaster.我們的英語老師已被提升為校長(zhǎng)了。We launched a big advertising campaign to promote our new products.我們發(fā)動(dòng)了一

14、場(chǎng)聲勢(shì)浩大的廣告宣傳，旨在推銷我們的新產(chǎn)品?！炯淳郴钣谩?(廈門模擬)The general manager declared that whoever performed well would be _ to a higher position.Aevolved BpromotedCdominated Dallocated解析：選B。句意為：“總經(jīng)理宣布誰表現(xiàn)出色認(rèn)真就會(huì)被晉升更高的職位。”9.The cultural exchanges between the two countries help to _ the understanding and friendship between

15、the two peoples.Aincrease BraiseCadd Dpromote解析：選D。句意是：兩個(gè)國家之間的文化交流促進(jìn)了兩個(gè)民族之間的理解和友誼。此句要用promote表示“促進(jìn)”。increase“增加”；raise“提高”；add“添加”。 stand out顯眼，突出，醒目；杰出(回歸課本P3)Since most Antarctic rocks are dark in colour，they stand out against the white background and are easy to identify and collect.南極洲的大多數(shù)巖石是深色的

16、，它們?cè)诎咨┑挠骋r下格外顯眼，也就易于識(shí)別和搜集。【歸納總結(jié)】【例句探源】Fred was very tall and stood out in the crowd.高大的弗雷德在人群中特別顯眼。It stands out a mile what has to be done.應(yīng)該做什么再明顯不過了。I think black lettering will stand out best on a yellow sign.我認(rèn)為黃色標(biāo)志上用黑色字體最醒目。(牛津P1962)She couldnt stand being kept waiting.叫她等著，她會(huì)受不了?！炯淳郴钣谩?0How

17、can I pick out your car in the parking lot?Its easy.The bright colour of my car makes it _.Aturn outBstick outCstand out Dget out解析：選C。答句句意為“很容易。我的車的顏色很鮮艷，非常顯眼。”所以在停車場(chǎng)很容易找到。11.Hey，that dress is making you _ in a crowd so everyone can recognize you.Aturn out Bstand outCgo out Dbreak out解析：選B?？疾閯?dòng)詞短語。s

18、tand out“突出”。句意為“你那身衣服在人群中很顯眼，大家都能認(rèn)出你來?！眎n case of如果；假使；萬一(回歸課本P11)Medical assistance is available in case of an emergency.如有緊急情況會(huì)有醫(yī)療援助?！練w納總結(jié)】【例句探源】In case of bad weather，the wedding will be held indoors.萬一天氣不好，婚禮將在室內(nèi)舉行。I have kept a reserve fund in case of accidents.我已籌備了一筆準(zhǔn)備基金以防不測(cè)。In case she come

19、s back，let me know immediately.如果她回來了，立刻告訴我。In no case should you forget your task.你決不能忘記自己的任務(wù)。You have finished，havent you？In that case，you may have a rest.你已經(jīng)完工了，是不是？既然那樣，你可以休息一下?！炯淳郴钣谩?2(山東濟(jì)南三模)The map will be of help?Take it with you _ you get lost in the forest.Aso thatBeven ifCas long as Din c

20、ase解析：選D。句意為“這地圖會(huì)很有用嗎？”“隨身帶著，以免在森林里迷路?！眎n case引導(dǎo)狀語從句，表示“萬一，以免”的意思。13.During the war，soldiers had to keep guns with them all the time _ emergency and danger.Abecause of Bin any caseCin case of Din spite of解析：選C。in case of emergency and danger表示目的，意為“以防有危急情況和危險(xiǎn)”。break up打破；解散；停止；分解(回歸課本P7)But when lan

21、d came into sight，the Endurance became trapped in the ice and began to break up.但是當(dāng)陸地出現(xiàn)在眼前時(shí)，“耐力”號(hào)卻陷入冰層并開始解體?！練w納總結(jié)】【例句探源】Hearing the news，he broke into tears.一聽到這消息他突然哭起來了。(牛津P234)The meetings broke up at eleven oclock.會(huì)議在十一點(diǎn)散會(huì)。He broke up the fight between the two gangs.他制止了兩伙人打架。She broke up the gl

22、ass in her search for money.她在找錢時(shí)把玻璃打碎了。The boys will break up for the Christmas vacation next week.孩子們下周放圣誕假?！炯淳郴钣谩?4.Why did the police _ the crowd?Because the presidents car _ in the street.Abreak down；broke downBbreak up；broke upCbreak down；broke upDbreak up；broke down解析：選D。句意是：“為什么警察把人群驅(qū)散？”“因?yàn)榭?/p>

23、統(tǒng)的車在路上出故障了?！钡谝粋€(gè)空表示“使解散”，用break up；第二個(gè)空用broke down表示汽車出故障。15(江蘇啟東中學(xué))Since you want to make up with her，you should be the first to _ the misunderstanding.Aclear upBbreak upCtake up Dfollow up解析：選A。A項(xiàng)表示“整理，收拾；消除，解除(誤解等)；(天氣)放晴”；B項(xiàng)表示“打碎，拆散；分裂，分解；(集會(huì))結(jié)束”；C項(xiàng)表示“占(時(shí)間、空間)；從事；拿起；繼續(xù)講述”；D項(xiàng)表示“跟進(jìn)，補(bǔ)充，采取后續(xù)行動(dòng)(加強(qiáng)效果)”

24、，根據(jù)語境分析，這里指的是“消除誤解”，所以選A。句型梳理【教材原句】Not until the late 18th century did the British explorer James Cook cross the Antarctic Circle，but he never saw land.(P3)直到18世紀(jì)末，英國探險(xiǎn)家詹姆斯·庫克才穿越了南極圈，但他卻從未發(fā)現(xiàn)任何陸地。【句法分析】該句是一個(gè)倒裝句，其相當(dāng)于:The British explorer James Cook didnt cross the Antarctic Circle until the late

25、18th century，but he never saw land.1)not until.did主語 直到才.until. 直到的時(shí)候not.until. 直到才Not until midnight did he go to bed.He didnt go to bed until midnight.It wasnt until midnight that he went to bed.直到半夜(以后)他才上床睡覺。2)在句型“主句until/till時(shí)間狀語從句或狀語”中，尤其應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：(1)主句中動(dòng)詞是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如leave，graduate，break等時(shí)，必須用否定形式。

26、(2)主句中動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，肯定、否定形式都可以，但意義完全不同?？隙ň浔硎緞?dòng)作或狀態(tài)的結(jié)束，否定句表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的開始。You are to stay here until/till your mother comes back.你要呆到你媽媽回來。Until then，I knew nothing at all about it.直到那時(shí)，我對(duì)那件事還一無所知。Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.直到河里的魚都死了，村民們才意識(shí)到污染的嚴(yán)重性。It was not un