1、人教版八年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語語法Unit 1 How often do you exercise?Grammar: 特殊疑問句：wh-questions: what, who, where, when, which, whose, why, whom等。特殊疑問句的構(gòu)成及用法：結(jié)構(gòu)：特殊疑問詞+ 一般疑問句， 即：特殊疑問詞+be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語+謂語/表語（+其他）疑問代詞：1) Who:誰。做主語，用來指人 Who is the boy under the tree?2）Whom 誰，做賓語，用來指人 Whom are you writing to?3) Whose 誰的，用來指所屬關(guān)系，

2、如果做定語，一般后接名詞 Whose pen is this?4) Which 哪個(gè)，哪些，用來指對(duì)人或物在一定范圍之內(nèi)進(jìn)行選擇 Which grils will in the sports meeting? Which pen is Lilys?5)What什么，通常指物，也可指人，一般用在沒有指出范圍的情況下 What can you see in the picture? What are you doing now?疑問副詞：When:何時(shí)，詢問時(shí)間 When will she come back?Where何地，詢問地點(diǎn)， Where do you come from?Why為什么，

3、詢問原因， Why are you late for school?How 如何，詢問手段、方式、工具以及程度等 How do you usually go to school?How old多大，詢問年齡，How old is Jims little brother?How many/much多少，詢問數(shù)量 How many birds are there in the tree?How far多遠(yuǎn)，詢問距離， How far is it form your home to school?How long多長，多久，詢問時(shí)間的長度或距離 How long will you stay in B

4、eijing?How often多長時(shí)間按一次，詢問頻率 How often do you go to see your grandparents?How soon多久，詢問時(shí)間 How soon will you come back?頻率副詞：表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的頻率，never, sometimes, often, usually, always.一、 have fun doing sth. 【句型介紹】 意為做某事有樂趣，其中have fun 相當(dāng)于enjoy oneself，表示過得愉快。 八年級(jí)冊(cè)17單元重點(diǎn)知識(shí)回顧1. 英語中的集體名詞，如family, class, team等作主語時(shí)

5、，若作為一個(gè)整體看，其后的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；若強(qiáng)調(diào)其組成成員，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如： My family is a happy one. 我家是個(gè)幸福的家庭。 My family are all watching TV. 我們?nèi)胰硕荚诳措娨暋?2. 在比較級(jí)中，要注意than后面人稱代詞的格。 1）當(dāng)句子中的謂語動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，than后面的代詞用主格還是賓格，在意思上通常沒有區(qū)別。如： He runs faster than I / me. 他跑得比我快。 They get to school earlier than we / us every day. 他們每天都比我們到校早。 2)當(dāng)

6、句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，than后面的人稱代詞用主格還是賓格在意思上就有差別了。試比較： I like you more than he. (=I like you more than he likes you.) 我比他更喜歡你。 I like you more than him. (=I like you more than I like him.) 你和他相比，我更喜歡你。 3 不定式作定語時(shí)，應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面，一般指一個(gè)還沒有發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如： Do you have anything to say about this? 有關(guān)這件事你有沒有什么要說的？ 4 在比較句型中，tha

7、n后面的謂語動(dòng)詞常常省略。也可以用相應(yīng)的助動(dòng)詞來代替與前面相同的謂語動(dòng)詞，以避免重復(fù)。如： Tom does better at the lessons than I (do). 湯姆功課比我好。 She ate less than I (did) for breakfast. 她早飯吃得比我少。 5 Youd better . 是You had better . 的縮寫形式。 had better 為固定短語，意為最好.，后接動(dòng)詞原形，常用來提出建議或勸告，其否定形式是had better not + 動(dòng)詞原形。如： Youd better not stay there too long.

8、你最好別在那里呆得太久。 We had fun playing computer games. 我們玩電腦游戲很愉快。 【句式比較】 have a good / nice / wonderful time doing sth. 做某事有樂趣 Did you have a good / nice / wonderful time visiting that country? 訪問那個(gè)國家你們快樂嗎？ 【特別提醒】 句中fun為不可數(shù)名詞，表樂趣，前面不能加不定冠詞。 Unit 2 Whats the matter with you?Grammar:1. 用have 來描述身體不適 have/ha

9、ve got a +疾病名字；得了病2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should,can, may, must沒有人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，后接動(dòng)詞原形Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?Grammar:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來 一般將來時(shí)表示將要做某事或計(jì)劃打算做某事要用到句型“be+doing”其中be是助動(dòng)詞，它有人稱和單復(fù)數(shù)的變化。Be: am, is, are. be + v.ing是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的形式，但用于表示將來。用進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來，常用于表示即將來臨的未來預(yù)定要做的事情，一般指個(gè)人計(jì)劃要做的事。用于此情況的動(dòng)詞一般是表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞，如，go, com

10、e, leave, start, arrive, move等。一肯定句中，結(jié)構(gòu)為“be+doing.”I am going shopping this afternoon.二否定句是在be之后加not. Im not going to shopping this afternoon.三一般疑問句是將be置于句首 Are you going shopping this afternoon?Yes, I am/ we are. No, Im not./ We arent.四特殊疑問句“疑問詞+一般疑問句語序。”What are you doing for vacation? When is he

11、going camping? Who are you going there with? Where is she going?Unit 4 How do you get to school?Grammar: How引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句：是指以How, how far, how long, how old,how many, how much等詞開頭的疑問句。How does he get to shool?- He takes the train to get to shool.How long does it take to walk? -It takes about 35 minutes t

12、o walk. How far is it from your home to school? Its four miles from my home to school.How old is he now? She is twelve years old now.How many storybooks do you have? I have five storybooks.How much is this coat? This coat is 200 yuan.特殊疑問句的簡略結(jié)構(gòu)：how about?+ 名詞或動(dòng)詞-ing形式，用于提出建議、請(qǐng)求或征求意見、詢問消息等。如：How abou

13、t playing tennis? Unit 5 Can you come to my party?Grammar:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can及邀請(qǐng)句式及其問答情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can的用法：Can 是最長用的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，其后跟動(dòng)詞原形，can的否定形式為cannot，cant.can表“能力”，意思是：能，會(huì) I can paly basketball,but I cant swim.can表示能力時(shí)可和be able to 互換，be able to有更多的時(shí)態(tài)，常被用來表示can所 不能表示的將來或完成的概念。E.g. They will be able to run this machine on their

14、 own in three months.表示“可能性”，意思是：可以，可能。That big cinema can seat 5,000 people.表示允許，意思是可以能夠 You can have the book when I have finished it.表示“驚訝、不相信等（用于疑問句、否定句或感嘆句中”。意思是“會(huì)、可能?！盩his cant be true. Can it be true?如何發(fā)出、接受和謝絕別人的邀請(qǐng)表達(dá)邀請(qǐng)的常用句型：Can you come to? Could you come to?Would you like to come to?Do you

15、want to come to?接受邀請(qǐng)的常用句型：Sure. Certainly. OK. Id love to.謝絕邀請(qǐng)的常用句型：Im sorry, I cant. I have toIm afraid I cant. I have toI dont think I can. I have toUnit 6 Im more outgoing than my sister.Grammar:形容詞的比較級(jí)規(guī)則變化、不規(guī)則變化（課本P93）than 是比較級(jí)中最常見的標(biāo)志詞，意思是“比”re older than I am. You are older than me.形容詞比較級(jí)前，有時(shí)可以

16、用much,far, a little,a bit, even, three times等詞來修飾。Much 和far表示“得多”,much better好得多，a little, a bit表示稍微，一些，一點(diǎn)。a little shorter, 稍微矮點(diǎn)；even表示“甚至，更加，還要”even bigger還要大些，three times表示 “三倍”，如three times bigger than 比大三倍Very絕不可以用來修飾比較級(jí)，very,so,too, quite 修飾原級(jí)Unit 7 How do you make banana milk shake?Grammar: 可

17、數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞一可數(shù)名詞英語中的物質(zhì)名詞大體上可分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。可數(shù)名詞指物體的數(shù)量可數(shù)。其單數(shù)形式可在名詞前加a或an,表示一個(gè)，如a pear. 其負(fù)數(shù)形式要在詞尾加-s,或-es（特殊情況除外），如two bananas, three tomatoes. Many many apples a few students few bags二不可數(shù)名詞1.不可數(shù)名詞指物體的數(shù)量不可數(shù)。不可數(shù)名詞沒有單復(fù)數(shù)之分，也不能在詞前直接加冠詞a 或an.表示不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量時(shí)可在不可數(shù)名詞前加相應(yīng)的由量詞構(gòu)成的短語。如a bag of 2.常見的量詞短語有：a piece of a cup

18、 of a teaspoon of a bottle of 3.不可數(shù)名詞還可以用下面的詞表示數(shù)量：much much rain a little little4.既可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞又可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞有：Lots of= a lot of許多，大量 some一些（用于肯定句）any一些（用于否定句和一般疑問句）Unit 8 How was your school trip?Grammar:一般過去時(shí)：指在過去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過去意義的時(shí)間狀語連用。如：yesterday, last year(week,month),two years ago, in2006等

19、。有時(shí)也可用when,after,before, as soon as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。該時(shí)態(tài)在句中的體現(xiàn)是謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式。謂語be動(dòng)詞was/were 否定：wasnt /werent Be動(dòng)詞句型 一般疑問句：was/were +主語特殊疑問句：疑問詞+was/were+主語陳述句：主語+was/were+(肯定句) 否定句：主語+wasnt/werent+行為動(dòng)詞句型（當(dāng)句中的動(dòng)詞為行為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要借助動(dòng)詞did構(gòu)成一般疑問句和否定句）肯定式：主語+動(dòng)詞過去式否定式：主語+didnt+動(dòng)詞原形一般疑問句：Did +主語+動(dòng)詞原形特殊疑問句：Did+主語+動(dòng)詞原形Unit 9 When

20、was he born?Grammar: 一般過去時(shí)的特殊疑問句一般過去時(shí)的特殊疑問句的變法同一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一樣，不同之處在于須將be動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞改為過去時(shí)態(tài)，即“特殊疑問詞+were或was(第三人稱單數(shù))+主語+（表語）+其他成分”或“特殊疑問詞+助動(dòng)詞did+主語+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞+其他成分。”以when引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句，對(duì)某人的出生年月進(jìn)行提問，句型是：When was/wereborn? was/were born in +時(shí)間When was David beckham born? 大衛(wèi).貝克漢姆是什么時(shí)候出生的？He was born in 1975.二以how long 引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句，

21、對(duì)表示某一短時(shí)間的狀語進(jìn)行提問。句型是：How long did + 主語+動(dòng)詞？How long did Charles Smith hiccup? He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months.三When did he start hiccupping? 他什么時(shí)候開始打嗝？When +did+主語+動(dòng)詞？Unit 10 Im going to be a basketball player.Grammar:一般將來時(shí) 表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示將來經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用。1. be going to + 動(dòng)詞原

22、形 What are you going to do next Sunday?2. will/shall + 動(dòng)詞原形 I will go to my hometown next week.3.be +v.ing The Greens are moving to another city the day after tomorrow.4. be +動(dòng)詞不定式 You are to be back by 10 oclock.5. be + about + 動(dòng)詞不定式 The meeting is about to begin.Unit 11 Could you please clean your

23、 room?Grammar:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表示說話者對(duì)某一動(dòng)作的看法和態(tài)度，包括可能、懷疑、允許、愿望、必要、猜測等。Can(能、會(huì)),may( 可以),must( 必須、一定)等。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)：(1)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有一定詞義，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語，必須和另一個(gè)動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語，且沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。1. I can speak English. 2. She must be a teacher. 3. We may go home now. (2)變否定句時(shí)，直接在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加not,無需加助動(dòng)詞。He cant play the guitar well.He cant answer the question. You mustnt be late.(3)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子變一般疑問句時(shí)，須將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提前。Can you help me? Must I go there at once?(4)can 可表示能力、允許、可能性、懷疑猜測，意