1、第3講 代詞（要點透析）it的用法一、 指示代詞1. 指代上文提過的事物。That vase is valuable. It's more than 200 years old.那個花瓶很珍貴，它有200多年的歷史?！颈嫖觥縪ne, ones, it, that, thoseit特指上文提到的某人和某物；相當于the名詞。one 指上文提到的某人或某物中任何一個。復數(shù)形式是ones。one前面若有形容詞修飾，必須用冠詞。We've got a big room and two small ones.我們有一間大房間和兩間小房間。I have a storybook. It is

2、 an amusing one.我有一本故事書，它是有趣的。that和those常有后置定語修飾，有特指意義，that代替不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，相當于the名詞；復數(shù)名詞用those，相當于the ones。The weight of an elephant is much greater than that of a horse.大象比馬重得多。 【知識運用】 I can't find my watch. You haven't found _？ If you want to buy a new _， I suggest you buy _ made in China.T

3、he books on the first shelf are easier than _ on the second shelf.The boy told him his story and also _ of the girl upstairs.【答案】it; one; onethose/the onesthat/the one2. 指代人時，常指小孩或身份不明的人。 Someone is knocking at the door. Who is it? It must be Leo. He said he'd come to see me.3. 指代環(huán)境或情況。It's

4、too quiet in the room. Everyone just keeps silent.4. 指代時間、季節(jié)、天氣或距離。It is spring now and it's warm these days.【疑難點擊】it指代時間時，有如下句型：(1) It is time for sth.(for sb.)to do sth.that從句( should do/ did，必須用虛擬語氣)It's time for lunch.It's time for us to clean the house.It's time that we should c

5、lean the house.It's time that we cleaned the house.(2) It is /has been some time since從句(從句用一般過去時)(注意從句中延續(xù)性動詞意義為否定。)It is three years since I became a doctor.我當醫(yī)生已經3年了。(自從我成為醫(yī)生以來，時間已經過去3年了。)It is three years since he was a doctor.他不當醫(yī)生已經3年了。It is two years since my father smoked.我父親不吸煙已有兩年了。It i

6、s two years since my father began to smoke.我父親吸煙已有兩年了。(3) It/This is the first /secondtime that從句(必須使用現(xiàn)在完成時) 這是某人第次做了某事。It/That was the first/ secondtime that從句(必須使用過去完成時)It is the second time that she has visited the Great Wall.This was the first time that I had come late to school.(4) It was 時間點 w

7、hen從句 It was evening when we got home.It was evening in which we got home.(5) It was / will be some time before從句It was five years before they finally graduated from Beijing University.過了5年他們終于從北大畢業(yè)。It won't be long before we graduate from our school.不久，我們就要從我們學校畢業(yè)了。二、it 作形式主語，代替由不定式、動名詞或名詞性從句所表

8、示的真正主語或賓語。It is possible for me to make a tour around the world.It is no good learning English without speaking it.Mobile phones make it possible for us to keep in touch anywhere.I consider it no good chatting with strangers through the Internet.I really find it a pity that you didn't come to th

9、e party.三、強調句型 1. 強調句結構：It is / was 被強調部分 that 句子的其余部分。說明：(1)it是引導詞，強調的內容可以是句子的主語、賓語、狀語。如果被強調的部分是人，that 可用who代替，其他情況一律用that。It was Edison who invented the lamp.(2)驗證強調句的方法： 去掉It is/wasthat 結構后，可以把被強調的部分與句子其余部分還原為一個完整的句子。2注意時態(tài)的一致性。原句中用的是過去的某種時態(tài)， 用it wasthat； 原句中用的是現(xiàn)在或將來的某種時態(tài)，用it isthat3. 當被強調的部分是主語時，

10、注意保持主謂一致。It is I that am your English teacher.4. not until結構用于強調句中，not 要提前到until之前，放在be動詞后。即：It wasn't untilthat 句子的其余部分。He didn't go to bed until he finished his homework. (對畫線部分進行強調) It wasn't until he finished his homework that he went to bed. (強調句)5強調句中的被強調部分含有一個定語從句，要注意區(qū)別、分析。It is/w

11、as 被強調部分定語從句that(who)句子的其余部分It is in the city where he was born that he works.他工作的地方是他出生的那個城市。四、帶it 的一些固定詞組1(You've/I've)got it. 懂了，明白了。 Do remember to take this medicine three times a day with warm boiled water. Got it.2. forget it 算了吧，別在意，沒關系 I really appreciate your timely help. Forget it

12、. It's just a small cake.3. take it easy 別著急，慢慢來；別過于緊張There's nothing serious with your stomach. Take it easy.4. It comes to nothing. 沒有什么結果。They had a heated discussion, but it came to nothing.5. Don't mention it. 不用謝。6. That's it. 對了；正是。 Is it your watch that you are looking for? Y

13、es, that's it.7. When it comes to當談到； 當涉及 When it comes to the matter, she just kept silent. this, that, these, those的用法指示代詞this，that，these，those 在句中相當于名詞和形容詞，可作主語、表語、定語和賓語。1. this/these 常指后面要提到的事物，有啟下的作用；that/those 指前面講過的事物，有承上的作用。John was hurt in an accident，and that is still a secret to his f

14、ather.All I want to say is this：He must go to see a doctor.2. 為了避免重復，可用that或those來代替前面提到的名詞。The climate of Beijing is not so damp as that of Qingdao. (thatthe climate)The regulations in our school are quite different from those of yours. (thosethe regulations)3. this，these是時間或空間上的“近指”，可與here 連用；that

15、，those 是時間或空間上的“遠指”，可與there連用。Those were the days when we were happy together.因此打電話時，用this來介紹自己，用that來問對方，不用I或you.This is Wang Tao speaking. Who is that?規(guī)則3: society表示“我們居住的社會”時， space表示“星球間的距離即太空”時， nature表示“大自然”時， most表示“大多數(shù)”， man 表示“人類”，word表示“消息”時都不用冠詞。Racism exists at all levels of society.種族主義

16、存在于社會各階層。4. those 可代替those persons 在句中用作關系代詞的先行詞，后跟定語從句。Those who break the rules and regulations will be punished.5. this，that 在口語中有時作狀語用，相當于副詞so，表示程度，意為“這么”、“那么”。The food is this fat, and I don't want that much.no, none, nothing, no one, nobody的用法5個詞都表示全部否定。nonot any，表示“沒有”，用來修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，通常作定

17、語。none 即可指人也可指物，?；卮餳ow many, how much 引導的問句；代替不可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；代替可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞可用單數(shù)也可用復數(shù)形式。no one 只能指代人，?；卮饂ho引導的問句，后不可接of 短語。nothing 只能指物，?；卮饂hat 引導的問句。 What can you see in the hole? Nothing. Who are in the room? No one/Nobody. How many boats are there in the river? None.【注意】none 強調數(shù)的概念，nothing表示

18、“什么也沒有，沒有東西”。Nothing can prevent me from studying hard.He had many friends, but none would help him when he is in trouble.both, all, either, neither的用法1. both與all 用作定語、賓語、主語和同位語，all還能作表語。both表示“兩者都”，all表示“所有的、全部的”，指三個或三個以上的人或物。Both of the boys are here. (主語)They all have been to Xi'an. (同位語)none

19、 強調數(shù)的概念，nothing表示“什么也沒有，沒有東西”。Nothing can prevent me from studying hard.He had many friends, but none would help him when he is in trouble.2. either 指“兩者都不”；neither 指“兩者中都不”，在句中作主語、賓語和定語。either, neither 可與or, nor 構成連詞：eitheror意為“不是就是”，“要么要么”；neithernor意為“既不也不”。He is either Japanese or Chinese.Neithe

20、r you nor he is a student.Here are two pens. You may take either of them. (賓語)Neither boy knows French. (定語)3. both和all 與not連用時，構成部分否定。如果要表示完全否定，分別用neither和none。Both of us are not teachers. (部分否定)并非我們倆都是老師。Neither of us is a teacher. (完全否定)我們倆都不是老師。Not all the ants go out for food./All the ants don&

21、#39;t go out for food.(部分否定)并不是所有的螞蟻都出去找食。None of the ants go out for food. (完全否定) 沒有螞蟻出去找食。 other, another的用法other 相當于名詞或形容詞，在句中作主語、賓語、定語等。相當于名詞時，有復數(shù)形式others，還有所有格形式other's和others'。特指時，other，others前加定冠詞the。another指與“某一個”不同的“另一個”、“又一個”。它一般代替和修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，前面不再加冠詞；修飾“數(shù)字復數(shù)名詞”時，意思是“另外的，再”，如：another

22、three days。I don't like this, show me another one.She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise book in the other.This coat is too large. Show me some others, please.We got home by 4 o'clock, but the others didn't get back until 8 o'clock.You'll have to pay another $15.each, every

23、的用法each 指兩個或兩個以上的人或物，強調個體，在句中作主語、賓語、定語或同位語；作同位語時，可放在代詞之后，也可放在句尾。every指三個或三個以上的人或物，是“每一個(都)”的意思，側重全體，在句中只能作定語。They each want to go to the Tian'anmen Square and each has a flower in his hand. (同位語、主語)There are trees and flowers on each/either side of the road. (定語)Every minute is very important to

24、 each of us.(定語、賓語)We each took an umbrella.We took an umbrella each. (同位語)【注意】every 用在下列短語中： every week 每周； every other week every two weeksevery second week 每兩周； every two other weeks 每隔兩周第3講 代詞（考點突破）() 1. Mr. Cruise said that he preferred the information Jack gave to _ heard by himself. (2010

25、3;福建泉州一中高三質量檢查)A. the one B. it C. that D. which () 2. Don't hang around in this district if you can help _.A. that B. it C. one D. so () 3. How do you find the cards I've collected recently? Very nice, especially _ bearing the signature of Liu Xiang.(2010·重慶高三模擬)A. the one B. one C. it

26、 D. ones() 4. Please keep _ secret that he has decided to give up his present position. (2010·北京101中學高三考前訓練)A. one B. this C. it D. that () 5. I hate _ when people have prejudice against female employees and think women are less capable. (2011·湖南省長郡中學高三月考)A. that B. it C. one D. them() 6.

27、It is a strange phenomenon that some young people today think it is their parents' responsibility to earn money and _ to spend it.(2011·河南鄭州四中高三調考) A. them B. they C. their D. theirs () 7. The manager believes that prices will rise by more than _ 4%.(2011·福建福州三中高三月考)A. any other B. the

28、 other C. another D. other() 8. She tried two different methods, yet _ of them seemed to work very well. (2011·北京市日壇中學高三摸底)A. neither B. none C. each D. both () 9. When _ comes to repairing a machine, I have little knowledge of it. (2011·浙江杭州高級中學高三月考)A. that B. one C. this D. it()10. Every

29、one knows that _ is dangerous to play with fire, but _ is difficult is to prevent children from playing with fire.(2010·天津實驗中學高三熱身訓練)A. it; it B. what; what C. it; what D. what; it ()11. When I moved to a new community, I found it different from _ I had stayed in before. (2010·安徽合肥市高三第三次質量

30、檢測)A. one B. that C. it D. the one()12. What is the difference between the first nursing home and the second? The first one has two swimming pools while the second has _.(2010·江蘇南師附中高三模擬)A. no one B. nothing C. none D. neither ()13. Bruce, could you tell me where _ was _ you first met Mr. Carl?

31、 In the park where I often go. (2010·江蘇淮安市高三調研測試)A. it; that B. that; which C. it; what D. that; it()14. How did you deal with the order? I handed it to _ I think is in charge of sales. (2010·江蘇六合高級中學高三沖刺模擬)A. who B. when C. whoever D. whomever ()15. What an amazing film! It's the most

32、 interesting film I've ever seen. But I'm sure it won't interest _.(2010·江蘇揚州市高三模擬)A. somebody B. anybody C. nobody D. everybody()16. I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with _. (2010·江蘇宜興市高三綜合模擬測試)A. everything B. anything C. nothing D. none ()17. I can&#

33、39;t find my favourite magazine. I saw Jack going away with _， but I'm not sure whether it's yours. (2010·江蘇泰州/南通市高三模擬)A. it B. that C. one D. some()18. The customer didn't choose _ of the coats and went away without looking at a third one. (2010·江蘇灌南高級中學高三模擬)A. both B. all C.

34、any D. either ()19. I did not accept any of the many offerings, because I found _ satisfactory. (2010·江蘇宿遷市高三模擬)A. neither of them B. none of them C. either of them D. all of them not ()20. I am pleased with what you have given me and _ you have told me.A. that B. all that C. all what D. all wh

35、ich ()21. It is ten years _ Miss Green returned to Canada. A. that B. when C. since D. as ()22. The foreign minister said，“ _ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace. ” A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is ()23. What do you want to do next? We have half an hour until the basketball

36、 game. _. Whatever you want to do is fine with me. A. It just depends B. It's up to you C. All right D. Glad to hear that()24. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _. A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is ()25. Do you like _ here? Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of li

37、fe. Everything is so nice. A. this B. these C. that D. it 代詞練習和答案1. There are several pretty girls standing under the tree, but _ are known to me.a. neither b. none c. no one d. all2. In one year rats eat 40 to 50 times _ weight.a. its b. and c. their d. theirs3. Youd better continue to use the same

38、 spelling of your name as _ you used in your application.a. one b. the one c. any d. some one4. The little baby was left alone, with _ to look after it.a. someone b. anyone c. not one d. no one5. John can play chess better than _ else.a. the one b. no one c. any one d. another6. The weight of someth

39、ing is another way of describing the amount of force exerted on _ by gravity.a. it b. them c. that d. one7. It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but it is quite _ to perform skillfully yourself.a. other b. another c. some d. any8.Children should be taught how to get along with _.a. anot

40、her b. other c. others d. any other9.The poor man lived on wild berries and roots because they had _ to eat.a. nothing else b. anything else c. something other d. nothing other10.I go to the cinema _ day, Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays.a. each other b. every other c. this and the other d. all ot

41、her11.One of the properties of light is _ traveling in wave form as it goes from one place to another.a. it b. its c. its d. their12._ in the world has been asked to do his duty for the human society.a. Each of the tramps b. Every of the tramps c. The each tramp d. The every tramp13.In some restaura

42、nts, food and service are worse than _ used to be.a. they b. it c. them d. that14.Let the porter take all the baggage out and put _ in the lobby.a. it b. they c. them d. its15.Everyone who comes to the party is given a wooden apple with _ own names cut in it as a souvenir.a. his b. her c. their d. o

43、ur16.Everybody in the class must give in _ exercise book within the given time.a. their b. our c. his d. her17.During the journey, the boys and girls entertained _ with songs and games.a. themselves b. theirselves c. himself d. itself18.Youd better buy _ some fruits when you go on a trip.a. youself

44、b. myself c. yourself d. you19.The boys in this town like to bully _.a. one another b. one and other c. each other d. one and the other20.One common family name is Black,_ is Anderson.a. another b. the other c. others d. none other21.I have two novels: one of the two is “Gone with the Wind, and _ is

45、 “the Tale of Two Cities.a. another b. other c. none other d. the other22.All girls wear beautiful clothes. Some are dressed in red;_ in green.a. other b. another c. others d. none other23.She cant seem to help herself. And _ can help her, either.a. none else b. no one else c. not any d. somebody el

46、se24.Children can usually dress _ by the age of five.a. him b. them c. hiself d. themselves25.The gold watch had belonged to me for years, but the police refused to believe it was _.a. me b. my c. mine d. Is26.Mother would not let Mary and _ attend the hockey game.a. I b. my c. me d. we27.In a news

47、conference this afternoon, the university announced that _ intends to make several important changes in next years budget.a. he b. it c. she d. they28._ but a fool can make such a mistake.a. Everyone b. No other c. Not all d. None29.The poem by Browning is so observed that I cannot grasp _ meaning.a

48、. its b. its c. their d. that30.The mayor felt that the police, in spite of the reports, had done _ best.a. its b. their c. his d. our31.I havent read _ of the last four chapters, so I know little about them.a. anything b. any c. some d. something32.A pretty face may win friends but it takes charact

49、er and personality to hold _.a. it b. them c. that d. one33.In the discussion, one speaker held that, since we live in a money-oriented society, the average individual cares little about solving _.a. anyone elses problems b. anyones else problemsc. anyone else problems d. problems of anyone else34.I

50、 dont know whether small oranges are sweeter than big _.a. those b. ones c. one d. that35.How much water is left in the bottle? _a. Nothing b. None c. Not some d. Not one36.It took two of them to do the work that _ of us could do.a. someone b. anyone c. any one d. everyone37.He has five children, an

51、d _ of them is good at painting.a. everyone b. everybody d. every one d. every38.I have three brothers,_ are in Beijing.a. no one of them b. neither of them c. some of them d. none of them39.Some of my students study a lot,_ just dont care.a. anothers b. the other c. some other d. others40.As a matt

52、er of fact, Saudi Arabias oil reserves are second only to _.a. Kuweit b. that of Kuweit c. Kuweitss d. those of Kuweit41.This book of _ used to be one of the best sellers in the shop.a. his b. him c. that man d. this42.We should always keep _ well-informed of the changing information.a. us b. ours c

53、. ourselves d. we43.The climate here is often said to be similar to _.a. Japan b. one of Japan c. that of Japan d. in Japan44.Hunted by constant fear of arrest, the thief _ to the police at last.a. gave it up b. gave up himself c. gave him up d. gave himself up45._ of the boys in the class who have

54、passed the test is to receive certificates.a. Every b. Every one c. Any d. Anyone46.Do you believe that she has blamed us for the accident, especially _?a. you and me b. you and I c. I and you d. me and you47.Of those who graduated with _,Ellen is the only one who has found a good job.a. Betty and he b. he an