1、專(zhuān)題二代詞、介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)專(zhuān)題二代詞、介詞和介詞短語(yǔ) 一、 both，all，either，any，neither，none代詞分類(lèi)都任何(一者)都不兩者botheitherneither三者或三者以上allanynone 用上面表格中的適當(dāng)代詞填空 1. Niki is always full of ideas, but _ is useful to my knowledge.(2015四川) 2Its an eitheror situationwe can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we cant do_.(20

2、13課標(biāo)) 3Ive lived in New York and Chicago, but dont like _of them very much.(2013山東) 【答案】1.none2.both3.either 二、 everything, something, anything, nothing everythingsomethinganythingnothing強(qiáng)調(diào)“每件事，一切”強(qiáng)調(diào)“某件事，某物”，也可指“重要的事物”強(qiáng)調(diào)“無(wú)論什么，任何東西”。anything but“根本不”意為“沒(méi)有東西，沒(méi)有一點(diǎn)”。nothing but“只是，只有” 用上面表格中的適當(dāng)代詞填空 1A s

3、mile costs _， but gives much.(2014重慶) 2Theres never _ worth watching on TV. 3Is there _I can do for you now, sir? 【答案】1.nothing2.anything3.something 三、 替代詞的用法代詞替代對(duì)象onea/an單數(shù)名詞，同類(lèi)不同一ones零冠詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞，同類(lèi)不同一the onethe單數(shù)名詞，同類(lèi)不同一the ones the復(fù)數(shù)名詞，同類(lèi)不同一thatthe單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞(尤其是有后置定語(yǔ)時(shí))thosethe復(fù)數(shù)名詞(尤其是有后置定語(yǔ)時(shí)) 用上面表格中的適

4、當(dāng)代詞填空 1The quality of education in this small school is better than _ in some larger schools.(2015天津) 2Half of _surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.(2013浙江) 3What about the tea drink? Thank you.No pleasure equals_ of a ho

5、t drink on such a cold day. 4We have various summer camps for your holidays.You can choose_ based on your own interests. 5We used to mistake that heavy objects fall faster than light_. 【答案】1.that2.those3.that4.one5.ones 四、 another, the other, other, others, the othersother不能單獨(dú)使用，只能修飾名詞，表示泛指意義the oth

6、erthe other可單獨(dú)使用，特指兩個(gè)人或物中的“另一個(gè)”；也可修飾名詞表示“另外的”another可單獨(dú)使用，也可修飾名詞，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一個(gè)”，代替或修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。另外another后可接“基數(shù)詞/few復(fù)數(shù)名詞”形式，表示“另外的(多少)”others單獨(dú)使用，表示泛指意義，意為“其他的人或事物”，常與some一起出現(xiàn)the others意為“剩下的其他人(物)” 用上面表格中的適當(dāng)代詞填空 1In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in_， knives and forks.(2014福建)

7、2Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is_.(2013重慶) 3Neither side is prepared to talk to_ unless we can smooth things over between them. 【答案】1.others2.another3.the other 五、 it的用法 1指代時(shí)間、距離、自然現(xiàn)象等。 2指代前面所提到過(guò)的事情、事物、群體、想法，性別不明或性別被認(rèn)為不重要的人或動(dòng)物，也可指代未指明但談話雙方都明白的事情或情況。 3作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)代指不定式、動(dòng)詞ing

8、形式、名詞性從句。 4表示“喜歡、恨”等心理方面的動(dòng)詞，后面接it，構(gòu)成固定結(jié)構(gòu)，這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有enjoy, prefer, love, like, hate, dislike, appreciate等。 5it的常用短語(yǔ)或句型： 6用在一些固定句型中： (1)Itis時(shí)間段since過(guò)去時(shí)“自從以來(lái)多久了” (2)It was時(shí)間段before過(guò)去時(shí)“多久之后才” (3)It will be時(shí)間段before一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)“多久之后才” (4)It wont be long before“不久就” (5)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型Itis被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that 用適當(dāng)?shù)拇~填空 1Bach died in 1750, b

9、ut it was not until the early 19th century _ his musical gift was fully recognized.(2015重慶) 2Whos that at the door? _ is the milkman.(2014大綱卷) 3Susan made_ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.(2014山東) 4Id appreciate _if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will

10、come.(2014陜西) 5Why dont you bring _to his attention that youre too ill to work on? 【答案】1.that2.It3.it4.it5.it 一、常用介詞介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)介詞?？加梅╞eyond可表示“范圍，限度”，意為“超出，為所不及”within可表示范圍、程度，意為“在之內(nèi)”for就而言；從來(lái)看；達(dá)；計(jì)；為against違背；反對(duì)；對(duì)不利；倚；靠；預(yù)防；襯托on/upon剛就；一就，后接名詞或動(dòng)詞ing形式 用上面表格中適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空 1How much did he charge you _ the servi

11、ce? Luckily, its nothing. 2His movie won several awards at the film festival, which was _ his wildest dreams. 3My mother is _ my suggestion while my father is in favour of it. 4Dont leave the medicine _the childrens reach.Its dangerous. 5_hearing the good news, I couldnt help jumping up. 【答案】1.for2.

12、beyond3.against4.within5.On 二、 表示時(shí)間的常用介詞介詞用法on用在具體的某一天、星期幾及某一天的上午、下午、晚上等時(shí)間名詞前since常表示某動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)自某時(shí)開(kāi)始，一直持續(xù)到說(shuō)話時(shí)刻within指“在之內(nèi)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)事情發(fā)生的全過(guò)程不超過(guò)某一段時(shí)間介詞用法in后接時(shí)間段表示“在何時(shí)”或?qū)?lái)“一段時(shí)間之內(nèi)”，與將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)連用until后接時(shí)間名詞，意為“直到為止”(在肯定句中)；“直到才”(在否定句中)介詞用法易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)津in the past意為“在過(guò)去”，常與過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)連用“in the past/last一段時(shí)間”意為“在過(guò)去的中/內(nèi)”，表示從現(xiàn)在算起過(guò)去的一段時(shí)間，包括

13、此時(shí)此刻在內(nèi)，常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)連用有些時(shí)間名詞前不加介詞 用上面表格中適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空 1A big fire broke out_ the evening of May the first. 2Hes been working in a bank _ leaving school. 3Were playing in New Zealand, Australia and Japan _ November. 4The party will be held _ a weeks time. 5He didnt go to bed _his father came back from the offic

14、e. 【答案】1.on2.since3.in4.in5.until 三、with/by介詞用法with表示兩種事物之間的相應(yīng)關(guān)系或齊頭并進(jìn)的意思表示“帶有、帶來(lái)、帶走、攜帶”等表伴隨的意思后接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)可作方式狀語(yǔ)表示原因或理由介詞用法by表示人體或物體的某一部分含有“到的程度”的意思表示買(mǎi)賣(mài)東西計(jì)算的數(shù)量或付酬計(jì)算的時(shí)間 用上面表格中適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空 1The little pupil took his grandma _the arm and walked her across the street.(2015陜西) 2The Scottish girl _ blue eyes won the

15、 first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.(2014陜西) 3_ the new methods, they were able to get production up _ twenty percent. 4_a lot of work to cope with, I will have no time to accompany him. 【答案】1.by2.with3.With; by4.With 四、常用介詞短語(yǔ) 1above (the) average在一般水平以上；在平均數(shù)以上 according to根據(jù)所說(shuō)；按照 as a

16、matter of fact事實(shí)上；其實(shí) as a result因此；結(jié)果 after all畢竟； 終究 all in all總的來(lái)說(shuō)； 總計(jì) around the corner即將來(lái)臨；在拐角處 at ease安心自在； 不拘束 at work在工作 at risk有危險(xiǎn)； 冒險(xiǎn) 2by hand用手工 by mistake錯(cuò)誤地 by nature天生地；天然地 by chance/accident偶然 by design故意地 by contrast相比之下；與之相比 3from beginning to end從頭到尾 from time to time不時(shí)地 free of cha

17、rge免費(fèi) 4in brief簡(jiǎn)言之 in detail詳細(xì)地；具體地 in general一般說(shuō)來(lái) in turn輪流；依次 in advance事先；提前 in vain白費(fèi)；徒勞 in order整齊 in danger處于危險(xiǎn)中 in trouble處于困境(苦惱)中 in charge of主管；掌管；照管 in favour of贊成；支持；有利于 in harmony with與協(xié)調(diào)；與一致 in honor of為向表示敬意；為慶祝；為紀(jì)念 in memory of紀(jì)念 in need/want of需要 in search of尋找；尋求 in spite of盡管；不顧；雖

18、然 in terms of在方面 in the form of以形式 in the hope of懷著的希望 in view在視野范圍內(nèi)；在考慮中的 in view of鑒于；考慮到；由于 in return作為回報(bào) in all總共 in short簡(jiǎn)言之 in place在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢?；適當(dāng) in effect生效；起作用 in exchange for交流；交換 in response to響應(yīng)；回答；對(duì)有反應(yīng) in harmony with與協(xié)調(diào) in the direction of朝的方向 5on duty值日 on fire著火；失火 on holiday在度假；在休假 on sa

19、le出售；減價(jià) on show/display展覽；展出；陳列 on strike在罷工 on the contrary(與此)相反； 正相反 out of sight看不到 out of danger脫離危險(xiǎn) out of trouble擺脫困難 out of order出故障 out of control不受控制 out of breath氣喘吁吁 out of condition身體不佳 out of date過(guò)時(shí) out of ones reach某人夠不著 out of work失業(yè)；沒(méi)有工作 one after another相繼；順次 owing to由于 6regardless of不管；不顧 to the point中肯；扼要；切中要害 thanks to幸虧；由于 up to date現(xiàn)代的；時(shí)新的；據(jù)目前所知的 upon/on ones arrival一到達(dá)就 with the help of在幫助之下 用上面適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~短語(yǔ)填空 1L