1、Book7unit1LivingwellTheFourthandFifthPeriodsGramma：r動詞不定式I. 動詞不定式由“to動詞原形”構(gòu)成（在某些情況下to也可省略）。它可以在句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、補足語等,但不能作謂語。不定式可以有自己的邏輯主語,即for/ofsb.todosth.1. 不定式作主語Tofinishthisreporttookhimaweek.Toseeistobelieve.2. 不定式作表語Myjobistohelpthepoorperson.WhatIwouldsuggestistoputoffthemeeting.3. 不定式作賓語Hep

2、retendedtohavereadthebookwhenIaskedhimaboutit.Idecidedtoaskformymoneyback.4. 不定式作賓補IwouldlikeyoutohelpmewithmyEnglishexercises.1）帶to的不定式作賓補。很多動詞如:allow,order,force,permit,tell,want,wish,forbid,advise,persuade,warn等后面作賓補的不定式都帶to。如:Hedidn'tallowustosmokeinhishouse.2）有些動詞須用不帶to的不定式作賓補。使役動詞make,have

3、,let;感官動詞see,watch,observe,hear,listento,notice等后面作賓補的不定式不帶to。如:Hemadeafaceandmadeeverybodylaugh.注意:如果上述結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài),不定式就由原來的賓語補足語變?yōu)橹髡Z補足語,此時第2類動詞（let,have無被動語態(tài)）后原來不帶to的不定式要加to。如:Hewasseentogoupstairs.Theyweremadetowork13hoursaday.5. 不定式作定語Doyouhaveanythingtosayonthequestion?注意:作定語的不定式如果是不及物動詞,或者不定式所修飾的名

4、詞或代詞是地點、工具等,不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。如；Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.6. 不定式作狀語Istayedtheretoseewhatwouldhappen.Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews.7. 疑問詞+動詞不定式：不定式和疑問詞whether,what,which,whom,where,when,how,why等連用可以在句中起名詞的作用，通常跟在tell,know,show,decide,learn,wonder,explain,advise,teach,discuss,

5、findout等動詞后面作賓語，有時也可以充當主語、表語等。如：Onhearingthenews,hedidn'tknowwhethertolaughortocry.Whentoholdthemeetinghasnotdecided.Themostimportantproblemishowtogetsomuchmoney.介詞后一般不直接接不定式，但可以接疑問詞+不定式短語作賓語。如：MarygavesomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglish.Ihavenoideaofhowtodoit.II動詞不定式有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，通常有下表中的幾種形式（以do為例）：主動式被動

6、式一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone進行式tobedoing/完成進行式tohavebeendoing/1）不定式的一般式所表示的動作通常與主要謂語的動作同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生，或是在它之后發(fā)生。如：Theyinvitedustogotherethissummer.Hestoodasideformetopass.2）不定式的完成式所表示的動作在謂語所表示的動作之前發(fā)生，它在句中可作表語、狀語、賓語，有時也可作主語、定語等。如：Sheseemedtohaveheardaboutthismatter.Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaiti

7、ngsolong.Imeanttohavetoldyouaboutit,butIhappenedtohaveanimportantthingtodo.Ithasbeenanhonorformetohavetraveledsomuchinyourcountry.3）不定式的進行式表示正在進行的與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生的動作。它在句中可以用作除謂語以外的所有成分。如：It'niceofyoutobehelpingusthesedays.Hepretendedtobelisteningtotheteachercarefully.Wedidn'expectyoutobewaitingforu

8、shere.4）如果不定式表示的動作是謂語所表示時間之前一直進行的動作，就需要用完成進行式。如：TheyaresaidtohavebeenworkinginTibetfor20years.Wearehappytohavebeenhelpingeachotherthesedays.5）動詞不定式的否定形式是由not或never加不定式構(gòu)成。如：Trynottobelateagainnexttime.Hewishedusnevertomeetheragain.對應(yīng)練習(xí)：一. Identifyitsfunction（說明下列不定式的用法）1. Itisgoodtohelpothers.2. Itis

9、myambitiontomakesurethatthedisabledpeopleinourneighborhoodhaveaccesstoallpublicbuildings.3. MyambitionistoworkinthecomputerindustrywhenIgrowup.4. Idon'thavetimetositaroundfeelingsorryformyself.5. Iamtheonlystudentinmyclasstohaveapetsnake.6. Abigcompanyhasdecidedtobuyitfromme.7. Myfellowstudentsh

10、avebeguntoacceptmeforwhoIam.8. Ihavehadtoworkhardtoliveanormallife.9. SomedaysIamtootiredtogetoutofbed.10. Wemustcallonlocalgovernmenttogivefinancialassistaneetodisabledpeople.二. 選擇填空：1.I'veheardhimaboutyouoften.A. speakB.speaksC.spokeD.speakingA.toinventB.inventing11.ThemissingboyswerelastseenA

11、.playingB.tobeplaying12.ThepatientwaswarnedA.toeatnotB.eatingnotthedrivingtestonthefirsttry.C.topassD.inpassing18. Thegirlwasmadeshedidn'tloveatall.A.marryamanB.tomarryaman19.ThemanwillusewhathehasC.tomarrywithamanacameraforhiswife.D.marriedwithamanA.togetB.gotC.buyDbought20.Toanswercorrectlyism

12、oreimportantthanA.aquickfinishB.tofinishquickly21.TomkeptquietabouttheaccidentC.finishingquicklylosehisjob.D.youfinishquickA.soasnottoB. sonotastoC. soastonotD. notsoasto2. Iwenttoseehim,himout.A.findingB.findC.onlytofindD.tofinding3. Hedidn'tknoworstay.A.toleaveB.ifthatheshouldleaveC.iftoleaveD

13、.whethertoleave4. -WilltheSmithsgoabroadthissummer?-No,theyfinallydecided.A.toB.notgoingC.nottoD.nottobegoing5. -Iusuallygotherebytrain.-Whynotbyboatforachange.A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing6. Hepretendednothingaboutit.A.knowB.toknowC.knowingD.knew7. LittleJimshouldlovetothetheatreth

14、isevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking8. Theywouldnotallowhimacrosstheenemyline.A.toriskgoingB.riskingtogoingC.forrisktogoD.riskgoing9. Therearesomanykindsoftape-recordersonsalethatIcan'tmakeupmymindtobuy.A.whatB.whichC.howD.where10. CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsideredthefirstcomputer

15、.C.tohaveinventedD.havinginventedneartheriver.C.playD.toplayoilyfoodaftertheoperation.C.nottoeatD.noteating13.Iregretyouthatweareunabletoofferyouemployment.D.toinformingA.informingB.havinginformedC.toinform14. Youhadbettergetadoctoryourbadtooth.A.pulloutB.topulloutC.pulledoutD.pullingout15. Thematte

16、rhadbetterasitis.A.leaveB.beingleftC.leavingD.beleft16. Hewassofoolishhiscarunlocked.A.toleaveB.thatleaveC.astoleaveD.forhimtoleave17. AlmosteveryonefailsA.passingB.tohavepassed22. Ifeltitanhonortospeakhere.A.toaskB.askingC.tobeaskedD.havingasked23. -I'dliketobuyanexpensivecamera.-Well,wehavesev

17、eralmodels.A.tochoosefromB.tochooseC.tobechosenD.forchoice24. totheleftandyou'llseethepostoffice.A.ToturnB.TurningC.TurnedD.Turn25. Willyoubeabletoattendthelecturenextweek?A.givingB.givenC.tobegivenD.beinggiven補充資料：1.能接不定式作賓語的常見動詞有：want（想要），like（喜歡）,wish（希望），hate（憎恨，討厭）,prefer（寧愿），hope（希望）,fail（

18、失?。?plan（計劃）,refuse（拒絕）,ask（要求），continue（繼續(xù)），manage（設(shè)法）,try（盡力）,offer（提供）,start（開始），begin（開始），forget（忘記），remember（記得），promise（答應(yīng)），mean（打算）,pretend（假裝），intend（想，打算）,attempt（嘗試，企圖）,decide（決定）,learn（學(xué)會），desire（渴望，請求），agree（同意），care（關(guān)心，喜歡），choose（選擇）,determine（下決心）,expect（期望）,afford（負擔(dān)得起，買得起）等。2.能接不定式做補語的常見的動詞有：感官動詞see,watch,notice,hear,feel等；使役動詞make,let,have等；還有一般的動詞如advise（建議），allow（允許），ask,beg（乞求），command（命令，指揮），tell（告訴），invite（邀請），force（強迫），oblige（強迫）,ge（t致使），help（幫助），wish,want,like,hate,prefer,intend,expect,encourage（鼓勵），persuade（說服），permit（允許，許可），