1、2021高考英語閱讀解題專項之推理判斷題（八）一：知識講解從文章的內容、語言或結構判斷其出處1.文章出處題一一對號入座法報紙：前面常會出現(xiàn)日期、地點或通訊社名稱-廣告；格式特殊，容易辨認對號入座一一產(chǎn)品說明:常含有操作方式、使用方法等一網(wǎng)頁：常含有網(wǎng)頁的典型用語L雜志：語言往往客觀嚴連，內容專業(yè)性較強例1（2019課標全國I,C）Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric(生物測量technologieslikefingerprintscanstokeepothersoutofpri

2、vatee-spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice俄置)thatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence打奏)withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastr

3、onglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser'stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit'sconnectedtoregardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordri

4、ght.Italsodoesn'trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen'talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touchfourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedif

5、ferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.31.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Adiary.B.Aguidebook.C.Anovel.D.Amagazi

6、ne.解題推理判斷題。文章介紹了一種新的保護電子隱私空間的設備一一智能鍵盤，并且希望該產(chǎn)品能很快進入市場。文章語言客觀嚴謹，屬于科普類文章,故答案為D項。答案D2.寫作意圖題一一體裁主旨法體裁主旨出故事奘6lotiUertainreader、廣告、議輪文toifitarm.''showenm“ice，鼠、use科普類.新聞,類社文化類3111RhIIL7M'1rt1p瓜'例2（2020天津,D）Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifferencebetween

7、menofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformance,curiosityanddiscontent.Ihaveneverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.Thetwobelongtogether.Together,thesedeephumanurge鄴策力）countformuchmorethanambition.Galileowasnotmerelyambitiouswhenhedroppedobjectsofvaryingwei

8、ghtsfromtheLeaningToweratPisaandtimedtheirfalltotheground.LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,“Why?Why?Why?Fortunately,curiosityanddiscontentdon'thavetobelearned.Wearebornwiththemandneedonlyrecapturethem.“Thegreatman,"saidMencius（孟子），"ishewhodoesnotlose

9、hischild'sheart."Yeostofusdoloseit.Westopaskingquestions.Westopchallengingcustom.Wejustfollowthecrowd.Andthecrowddesiresonlythecalmandrestfulaverage.Itencouragesustooccupyourownlittlecorner,toavoidfoolishleapsintothedark,tobesatisfied.Mostofusmeetnewpeople,andnewideas,withhesitation.Butonce

10、havingmetandlikedthem,wethinkhowterribleitwouldhavebeen,hadwemissedthechance.Wewillprobablyhavetoforceourselvestowakenourcuriosityanddiscontentandkeepthemawake.Howshouldyoustart?Modestly,soasnottobecomediscouraged.Ithinkofonefriendwhocouldn'tarrangeflowerstosatisfyherself.Shewascuriousabouthowth

11、eexpertsdidit.Nowsheisoneoftheexperts,writingbooksonflowerarrangement.Onewaytobeginistoansweryourownexcuses.Youhaven'tanyspecialability?Mostpeopledon't;thereareonlyafewgeniuses.Youhaven'tanytime?That'sgood,becauseit'salwaysthepeoplewithnotimewhogetthingsdone.HarrietStowe,motherof

12、six,wrotepartsofUncleTom'sCabinwhilecooking.You'retooold?RememberthatThomasCostainwas57whenhepublishedhisfirstnovel,andthatGrandmaMosesshowedherfirstpictureswhenshewas78.Howeveryoustart,rememberthereisnobettertimetostartthanrightnow,foryou'llneverbemorealivethanyouareatthismoment.51.Inwr

13、itingParagraph1,theauthoraimsto.A.proposeadefinitionB.makeacomparisonC.reachaconclusionD.presentanargument解題：推理判斷題。本題題干意為：作者寫第一段的目的是。這是一篇議論文，作者在第一段亮出自己的觀點。D項提出一個論點”正確。A:提議一個定義；B:作一個比較；C:得出一個結論。答案D5.觀點態(tài)度題一一關鍵詞句法subjeciIve：obicciisc.iieiitral-indifterenVunciear選項常用詞匯ixtitive/approval/nplitinsLic/hopcf

14、utIncgativc/diapproal/critical/pessimisticdoubtful/skcpiical全面理解文章的內容和中心思想關鍵詞句法抓住體現(xiàn)人物觀點態(tài)度妁關鍵向或列舉的事例1注意流露作者思想便向或感情色彩的形容詞、副洞、動洞例3（2020課標全國I,C片段）Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.31.Whichwordbestdesc

15、ribestheauthor'sattitudetoracewalking?A.Skeptical.B.Objective.C.Tolerant.D.Conservative.解題：推理判斷題。本題題干意為：哪個單詞可以最準確地描述作者對競走的態(tài)度？在文章中，作者只是客觀地介紹了競走運動的特點以及優(yōu)缺點，并沒有表現(xiàn)自己的態(tài)度，因此B項（客觀的）正確。A:懷疑的;C:寬容的;D:保守的。答案B二：習題演練（A）Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingt

16、ofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.Racewalkersareconditionedathletes.ThelongesttrackandfieldeventattheSummerOlympicsisthe50-kilometerracewalk,whichisaboutfivemileslongerthanthemarathon.Butthesport'srulesrequirethataracewalker'skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootr

17、emainincontact（接觸）withthegroundatalltimes.It'sthisstrangeformthatmakesracewalkingsuchanattractiveactivity,however,saysJaclynNorberg,anassistantprofessorofexercisescienceatSalemStateUniversityinSalem,Mass.Likerunning,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding,shesays.Accordingtomostcalculations,racewalkers

18、movingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800calories（卡路里）perhour,whichisapproximatelytwiceasmanyastheywouldburnwalking,althoughfewerthanrunning,whichwouldprobablyburnabout1,000ormorecaloriesperhour.However,racewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes,Dr.Norbergsays.Accordingtoherresearch,run

19、nershitthegroundwithasmuchasfourtimestheirbodyweightperstep,whileracewalkers,whodonotleavetheground,createonlyabout1.4timestheirbodyweightwitheachstep.Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner'sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers.Butthesport'sstrangeformdoesplacecons

20、iderablestressontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewithahistoryofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport.Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique,shesays.Ittakessomepractice.1 .Whyareracewalkersconditionedathletes?A.Theymustrunlon

21、gdistances.B.Theyarequalifiedforthemarathon.C.Theyhavetofollowspecialrules.D.Theyaregoodatswingingtheirlegs.2 .Whatadvantagedoesracewalkinghaveoverrunning?A.It'smorepopularattheOlympics.B.It'slesschallengingphysically.C.It'smoreeffectiveinbodybuilding.D.It'slesslikelytocausekneeinjur

22、ies.3 .WhatisDr.Norberg'ssuggestionforsomeonetryingracewalking?A.Gettingexperts'opinions.B.Havingamedicalcheckup.C.Hiringanexperiencedcoach.D.Doingregularexercises.4 .Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor'sattitudetoracewalking?A.Skeptical.B.Objective.C.Tolerant.D.Conservative.答案1 .C推理判斷題。本題題干

23、意為：為什么競走運動員是有特殊要求的運動員？根據(jù)文章的第二段可知，競走運動有非常特殊的動作要求，所以C項（他們不得不遵守特別的規(guī)則）正確。A:他們必須跑長距離；B:他們有跑馬拉松的資格；D:他們善于擺腿。2 .D推理判斷題。本題題干意為：和跑步相比，競走有什么優(yōu)勢？根據(jù)文章最后一段的第一句可知，一些和跑步相關的身體損傷，如膝蓋損傷，在競走中就不常見，故D項正確。A:它在奧運會中更受歡迎；B:它對身體的要求更小；C:它對健身更有效果。3 .A推理判斷題。本題題干意為：Norberg博士對想嘗試競走的人的建議是什么？根據(jù)文章最后一段的倒數(shù)第二句話可知，博士認為，任何一個想嘗試競走運動的人都要先向教

24、練或有經(jīng)驗的競走運動員學習正確的技巧。故A項正確。B:做醫(yī)療檢查；C:雇一個有經(jīng)驗的教練；D:經(jīng)常鍛煉。4 .B推理判斷題。本題題干意為：哪個單詞可以最準確地描述作者對競走的態(tài)度？在文章中，作者只是客觀地介紹了競走運動的特點以及優(yōu)缺點，并沒有表現(xiàn)自己的態(tài)度，因此B項（客觀的）正確。A:懷疑的;C:寬容的;D:保守的。（B）Thismorningwe'regoingtoheadoffdownintothewetland,averyspecifickindofwetlandcalledthePrairiefen.YoucanfindNateFullercountingbutterflies

25、.TheSarettNatureCenterneedsanaccuratecountofMitchell'ssatyrbutteflpjpitesterveoneoftheirlastknownhabitats.They'reveryparticularaboutthekindofhabitatwheretheycanlive,whichispartofwhatmakesthemsorareandamazingindicatorsforourwaterquality.Today,SarettexpertAshleyCole-WickwithMichigan'Natura

26、lFeaturesInventoryhelpsFullercount.Shesays,“WhenIfirststartedworkingonthebutterflyin2013,wehad18populationsandin2019,wehad10.”TheMitchell'satyrbutterflywentontheendangeredspecieslistin1991.Initiallyitwasthoughtthatlossofwetlandscontributedtotheirdecline.Fullersays,“It'snotjusthabitatavailabi

27、lity.Thequantityandqualityofgroundwatercomingintothesewetlandsseemtobeachallengeforthebutterfly.Nothinghasallbeensortedoutexactly."Whilethieclineislikelyacombinationoffactors,thefactthatwaterqualitymightcontributeisalarmingbecausethewetlandsaretheheadwatersfortheMidwest'sriversandstreams.Ac

28、aptivebreeding（人工繁殖）programwasstartedfouryearsagoattheToledoZootohelpgettothebottomofthemystery.TodayDirectorRyanWalshwhoheadstheprogramsaysit'beentheonlysuccessfulcaptivebreedingprogram.Thecaterpillars（毛毛蟲）spentthewinterinaspecialweathercontrolroomthathelpeddeterminetheMitchell'satyrsdon

29、9;dowellbelow4.4degreesCelsius.Withthatknowledge,theprogramproduced1,300neweggs,adevelopmentthatmaygoalongwaytowardrestoringthepopulation.Andifallgoeswell,mayonedaytheMitchellsatyrbutterflyearnaticketofftheendangeredspecieslist.1 .Whataretheindicatorsforthewaterquality?A.Thehabitats.B.Thebutterflies.C.Thewetlands.D.Theexperts.2 .Whatisthemainideaofthethirdpara