1、Lesson 67 Volcanoes 火山【Text】Haroun Tazieff, the Polish scientist, has spent his lifetime studying active volcanoes and deep caves in all parts of the world. In 1948, he went to Lake Kivu in the Congo to observe a new volcano which he later named Kituro. Tazieff was able to set up his camp very close

2、 to the volcano while it was erupting violently. Though he managed to take a number of brilliant photographs, he could not stay near the volcano for very long. He noticed that a river of liquid rock was coming towards him. It threatened to surround him completely, but Tazieff managed to escape just

3、in time. He waited until the volcano became quiet and be was able to return two days later. This time, he managed to climb into the mouth of Kituro so that he could take photographs and measure temperatures. Tazieff has often risked his life in this way. He has been able to tell us more about active

4、 volcanoes than any man alive. 【課文翻譯】波蘭科學家哈羅恩·塔捷耶夫花了畢生的精力來研究世界各地的活火山和深洞。1948年他去了剛果的基伍湖，對一座后來被他命名為基圖羅的新火山進行觀察。當火山正在猛烈地噴發(fā)時，塔捷耶夫有辦法把帳篷搭在離它非常近的地方。盡管他設法拍了一些十分精彩的照片，但他卻不能在火山附近停留太長的時間。他發(fā)現(xiàn)有一股巖漿正向他流過來，眼看就要將他團團圍住，但塔捷耶夫還是設法及時逃離了。他等到火山平靜下來，兩天以后又返回去。這次他設法爬進了基圖羅火山口，以便能拍攝照片和測試溫度。塔捷耶夫經(jīng)常冒這樣的生命危險。他能告訴我們的有關活火山的情況

5、比任何在世的人都要多。 New words and expressions 生詞和短語violently adv. 猛烈地，劇烈地manage v. 設法brilliant adj. 精彩的liquid 5likwid adj. 液態(tài)的；n. 液體escape v. 逃脫alive adj. 活著的volcano n. 火山active adj. 活動的Kivu n. 基伍湖Congo n. 剛果Kituro n. 基圖羅erupt v. （火山）噴發(fā)【生詞講解】1. volcano n. 火山 (volcanoes) an active volcano 活火山a dormant volcan

6、o 休眠火山an extinct volcano 死火山disaster 災害 natural disaster 自然災害earthquake 地震 flood 洪水typhoon 臺風 hurricane 颶風storm 風暴 tornado 龍卷風2. active adj. 1） 活潑的，活躍的 (inactive)an active child have an active brain 頭腦靈活2） 積極的，主動的 (passive)take an active part in 積極參與3） 活動中的，有效的，(軍隊中)現(xiàn)役的on active service (軍隊中)服現(xiàn)役的4）

7、主動的(語法)active voice 主動語態(tài) (passive voice)actively adv. 主動地，積極地activity n. 活動c; 活力uoutdoor activities 戶外活動club activities 社團活動activist n. 積極分子（指參與或支持激烈活動的人，尤指政治方面）3. erupt 1. v. （火山）噴發(fā)eg. It's many years since the volcano last erupted. 2. v. （比喻）突然發(fā)生eg. When I saw the size of the bill, I simply er

8、upted. 當我看到巨額賬單時，我簡直火冒三丈eruption n. 火山爆發(fā)；（醫(yī)學）出診 4. violently adv. 劇烈地，猛烈地 violent adj. 1. 暴力的，（人）暴戾的eg. He was violent when he got drunk. violent criminals 暴力犯罪2. 帶有強烈情感的，由強烈情感引起的violent language 激烈的語言in a violent shock 萬分震驚eg. He has a violent dislike of school. 他極度的厭學 3. 厲害的，強烈的violent wind 強風viol

9、ent earthquakes 強烈地震violent toothache 劇烈的牙疼violently adv. 猛烈地eg. The volcano erupted violently. violence n. 暴力，狂熱，強烈的感情with violence 劇烈地5. manage v.1) 管理，經(jīng)營 manage a company 經(jīng)營一家公司2) 控制，照顧，駕馭manage a horse 駕馭一匹馬manage a child 照顧小孩manage one's money 理財3)做成，應付-Can I help you?-No, thank you. I can

10、manage it. eg. I can't borrow the money, so I have to manage without it. 借不到錢，所以我只能應付一下4) 產(chǎn)生，達到，設法做成.manage to do sth 設法成功地做成.eg. He managed to steal the Benz.He managed to get to school in time. management n. 管理，經(jīng)營manager 經(jīng)理6. brilliant adj. 1. 非常明亮的，光輝奪目的brilliant sunshine 燦爛的陽光a brilliant dia

11、mond 耀眼的鉆石2. 杰出的，非凡的，精彩的a brilliant scientist 卓越的科學家brilliant achievements 非凡的成就brilliant photographs 精彩的照片7. liquid1) n. 液體 eg. The liquid was red.Water, milk and oil are liquids. gas 氣體 solid 固體2) adj. 液態(tài)的，清澈的，透明的liquid food 流食liquid rock 巖漿the liquid sky 清澈的天空liquid eyes 明亮的眼睛8. escape1) v. 逃脫，逃走

12、escape from /out of 從.逃走eg. Two prisoners escaped from the prison. 兩個囚犯越獄了escape from the danger 避開危險2) 逃避，脫離escape +n. /doing escape punishmentescape being punished3) 被人遺忘，逃過(人的)注意His name escaped me. 我忘了他的名字The fact escaped my notice.我沒有注意到這個事實4) n. 逃走have a narrow escape 九死一生，幸免于難escapee n. 逃脫者，（

13、尤指）越獄者9. alive adj. 活著的（人、物） alive只能做表語，后置定語，賓補，不能做前置定語eg: It is still alive (主系表)all those alive (后置定語) 那些活著的人Let's keep the fish alive. (賓補) -alive 作賓語fish 的補足語alive and kicking (口)精神飽滿，活躍living 活著的，主要作定語，也可作表語(指人、物) My first teacher is still living. （表）living things 生物 （定）Lei Feng living （后定）

14、the living 活著的人the dead 過世的人live laivadj.（定）放名詞前，指物eg. Have you seen a live whale ?你見過活著的鯨魚嗎？lively 'laivli adj. 活潑的，活躍的，充滿生氣的（人、物）eg. His class is lively and interesting.他的課生動活潑eg. We all should have a lively mind. 我們都該有活躍的頭腦很多以a開頭的adj，被稱為表語形容詞。不能做前置定語：alive 活著的asleep 睡著了的alike 相象的ahead 前面的awak

15、e 醒著的alone 獨自的【課文講解】1. Haroun Tazieff, the Polish scientist, has spent his lifetime studying active volcanoes and deep caves in all parts of the world. the Polish scientist是主語Haroun Tazieff的同位語，解釋主語是個什么人Polish adj. 波蘭的 Poland n. 波蘭 Pole n. 波蘭人spend .(in ) somewhere 在某地花費時間、金錢eg. I spent a month in S

16、witzerland last summer. 我去年夏天在瑞士待了一個月spend . on sth 在某事上花費. eg: He spends about a third of his salary on a new car. 他收入的三分之一都花在一輛新車上spend some time (in) doing sth. eg: She spends too much time (in) dressing herself. 她花了太多的時間打扮自己 lifetime n. 畢生精力spend ones lifetime in in all parts of the world. 世界各地t

17、his world 今世 that world 黃泉every country of the world 世界各國2. In 1948, he went to Lake Kivu in the Cango to observe a new volcano which he later named Kituro. to observe a new volcano to do 不定式作目的狀語，which 引導定語從句修飾volcanoobserve (see, look, watch, read)1）v. 觀察，觀測，Eg: Observe how I do this.注意看注意看我怎樣做 (這

18、件事)2）v. 遵守<規(guī)則等> ( obey)Eg: observe the traffic regulations 遵守交通規(guī)則3. Tazieff was able to set up his camp very close to the volcano while it was erupting violently. 1）set up 豎立，架起；創(chuàng)立，建立 Eg: They set up some stones as land marks他們豎起一些石頭當?shù)貥恕?Eg:He set up a company when he was only 17 .在他17歲的時候就創(chuàng)立了

19、一家公司。 2）close to 離很近，與靠近Eg: He parked the car close to the river. (near) Eg: Dont sit so close to the fire.3） while erupting violently4. Though he managed to take a number of brilliant photographs, he could not stay near the volcano for very long. managed to do sth 設法做成某事a number of +pl. 許多，大量a grea

20、t many + pl.a good many + pl. many a + singlec 區(qū)別： the number of 表示 .的數(shù)量 后面要用is 5. He noticed that a river of liquid rock was coming towards him. 1) notice that + 賓語從句 注意到Eg: When he took off his hat, I noticed that he was very bald.2) notice /see/hear/watch sb. do/doing sth. Eg: I noticed a strange

21、 man going towards me.我發(fā)覺一個陌生男人正向我走來。3) a river of liquid rock. 一股巖漿，暗喻的修辭手法，把巖漿比喻成河流a river of soil and stone 泥石流Eg: Rivers of blood flowed during World war II. 在二戰(zhàn)中，血流成河。 Eg: When she heard the news, a river of tears came down her face.當她聽說了這個消息，眼淚如河水般從她臉上流下。6. It threatened to surround him comple

22、tely, but Tazieff managed to escape just in time. threaten to .迫近（尤指不好的事情），預示危險eg: The clouds threaten to rain. 烏云預示要下雨了surround v. 包圍be surrounded with / by 被包圍 just in time 剛好，及時just 1) 恰好，正當just then =just at that time 正好那時Just look ! 用于祈使句以緩和語氣2) 僅僅 （only ）Eg: I was just a child then. Eg: I'

23、ve come here just to see you.我來這里只是為了看你7. He waited until the volcano became quiet and he was able to return two days later. was able to 表示成功做成某事was able to return 成功的返回了8. This time, he managed to climb into the mouth of Kituro so that he could take photographs and measure temperatures. managed to

24、climb into 成功爬進manage to do sth. 設法做到某事,努力完成某事（雖然很費勁，但仍然做到/完成某事）try to do sth. 設法做某事，努力做某事 （但并不一定成功） so that 以便于(目的狀語從句)eg: Bring it nearer so that I may see it better拿近一些，好讓我看得更清楚些。 eg: He saved his money so that he might go abroad in his summer holiday他把錢積蓄起來，以便暑期能出國度假。 climb into / climb out of c

25、limb +n. 攀爬climb up 爬上climb down 爬下the mouth of Kituro 基圖羅火山口the mouth of a tunnel 隧道口the mouth of a bottle 瓶口from mouth to mouth 人傳人地have a big mouth 嘴不嚴，說話無顧忌keep one's mouth shut 守口如瓶measure v 測量measure temperature 測量溫度measure a piece of land 測量一塊地measure the speed of a car 測定車速temperature 氣溫

26、，溫度at a low temperature 在很低的溫度下take one's temperature 測量體溫have/ run a temperature 發(fā)燒9. Tazieff has often risked his life in this way . risk 1. v. 冒險 risk +n. 以.作為賭注eg. He risked all his fortune for the new enterprise. risk doing sth 冒險做某事eg. I'll risk being punished. risk ones life 冒著生命危險 eg

27、: She risked her own life to help a disabled man.她冒著生命危險來幫助一個殘疾人take a risk of 冒著的危險 eg:Taking the risk of being killed, he still didnt say anything.冒著被殺害的危險,他仍然什么也沒有說。 risk doing sth. 冒著危險做eg: You're taking a big risk showing this to Ken.你把這個給Ken看太冒險了。 2. n. 危險at any risk 無論冒什么危險run a risk 冒險ta

28、ke a risk reduce the risk of sth 減少.的危險10. He has been able to tell us more about active volcanoes than any man alive. tell sb sth 告訴某人某事eg: Can you tell me anything about it ?tell a story 講故事eg: Please tell us a story. tell the time 報時eg: Can you tell the time in English?tell the truth 說實話eg: I wan

29、t you to tell me the truth. Tell a lie 說謊eg: He often tells lies tell a secret 告訴一個秘密eg: If you promise not to tell anyone, I'll tell you a secret. 6.any man alive7.manage to do sth.8.set up his camp9.active volcano10.measure temperatures【關鍵詞組摘錄】1.spend his lifetime studying 2.in all parts of the world3.a river of liquid rock4.in time5.risk ones lifeKey structures1. manage to . 的用法 1. managed to do / was able to 表示一個動作成功地完成了He was able to leave Europe before the war began. = He manag