1、2016同等學(xué)力英語基礎(chǔ)六本課主要內(nèi)容：習(xí)題演練：教材英語基礎(chǔ)詞匯知識 Unit One 第21-30題名詞語法課堂鞏固練習(xí)2016同等學(xué)力英語基礎(chǔ)六(1)：教材英語基礎(chǔ)詞匯知識 Unit One 第21-30題 21. Long-term use of the drug can _ the patients personality.A. alter B. switch C. exchange D. substitute本題選A。考查：動詞詞義辨析。alert 更改，改變。其余三項(xiàng)：switch 交換，轉(zhuǎn)換；exchange 交流；交換；substitute 替換，代替。句意：長期服

2、用藥物會改變病人的性格。22. The volleyball team has had five _ victories in the last three years.A. successive B. excessiveC. subsequent D. eventual本題選A?？疾椋盒稳菰~詞義辨析。 successive 連續(xù)的，相繼的。其余三項(xiàng)：excessive 過度的，過分的；subsequent 隨后的，后來的；eventual 最后的，結(jié)果的。句意：這支排球隊在過去的三年里獲得了5連勝。23. According to the American federal governmen

3、t, residents of Hawaii have the longest life _:77.2.A. rankB. spanC. scaleD. scope本題選B。考查：名詞詞義辨析。 span （注意力、生命等）持續(xù)時間；時距；（橋梁、拱門等的）跨距。其余三項(xiàng)：rank 軍銜；地位；級別；scale 刻度；程度；規(guī)模；scope （科學(xué)、活動、書籍等的）范圍，（發(fā)揮能力的）機(jī)會。句意：根據(jù)美國聯(lián)邦政府報告顯示，夏威夷居民擁有最長的壽命77.2歲。24. The lawyer advised him to drop the _, since he stands little chan

4、ce to win.A. event B. incidentC. caseD. affair本題選C?？疾椋好~詞義辨析。 case 實(shí)例，情況，案例。其余三項(xiàng)：event 事件，大事；運(yùn)動項(xiàng)目；incident 騷亂，事故；小插曲；沖突；affair 事件；affairs 事情，事務(wù)，e.g. foreign affairs 外交事務(wù)。句意：律師建議他放棄這單案子，因?yàn)樗麆俪龅臋C(jī)會很小。 25. He is quite sure that its _ impossible for him to fulfill the task within two days.A. absolute

5、ly B. exclusivelyC. fullyD. roughly本題選A?？疾椋焊痹~詞義辨析。 absolutely 絕對地，完全地。其余三項(xiàng)：exclusively 獨(dú)有地，排他地；fully 完全地，圓滿地；roughly 大致地，粗略地。句意：他非常確信要他在2天之內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)是完全不可能的事情。26. In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives play _ roles in raising children.A. incapableB. indispensable C. insensibleD. inf

6、inite本題選B。考查：形容詞詞義辨析。 indispensable 不可或缺的，必不可少的。其余三項(xiàng)：incapable 無能的；insensible （對可能發(fā)生的事情）沒意識到的；無感覺的；infinite 無限的，無窮的。補(bǔ)充：play a role in sth 在方面起作用。句意：在中國的家庭中，祖父母和其他親戚在撫養(yǎng)孩子方面起到非常重要的作用。27. Eye contact is important because wrong contact may create a communication _.A. catastropheB. vacuum C. questionD. b

7、arrier本題選D?？疾椋好~詞義辨析。 barrier 障礙，隔閡。其余三項(xiàng)： catastrophe 毀滅性大災(zāi)難；困境，不利局面；vacuum 真空，失落感；question 問題。句意：眼神交流很重要，因?yàn)椴划?dāng)?shù)慕涣鲿饻贤ㄕ系K。28. _ energy under the earth must be released in one form or another, for example, an earthquake.A. AccumulatedB. Gathered C. AssembledD. Collected本題選A?？疾椋盒稳菰~詞義辨析。 accumulated 蓄積的

8、（側(cè)重一點(diǎn)一滴積累）。其余三項(xiàng)： gathered 集合的（側(cè)重往一個中心聚集）；assembled 裝配的，組裝的，collected收集的。句意：地下蓄積的能量必須以某種形式得到釋放，比如地震。29. The twentieth century has witnessed an enormous worldwide political, economic and cultural _.A. traditionB. transportation C. transmissionD. transformation本題選D?？疾椋好~詞義辨析。 transformation 變形，轉(zhuǎn)變。其余三項(xiàng)：

9、tradition 傳統(tǒng)，慣例；transportation 交通；transmission 傳遞，傳播。句意：世界范圍內(nèi)的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)以及文化在二十世紀(jì)發(fā)生了巨變。30. The _ stuck on the envelope says “By Air”.A. diagramB. label C. signalD. mark本題選B?？疾椋好~詞義辨析。label 標(biāo)簽。其余三項(xiàng)：diagram圖表；signal 信號，指令；mark 標(biāo)記，符號。句意：黏在信封上的標(biāo)簽上寫有“空運(yùn)”。2016同等學(xué)力英語基礎(chǔ)六(2)：名詞語法英文中能夠表達(dá)實(shí)際意義的詞：動詞，名詞，形容詞，副詞名詞語法主要包括

10、：修飾名詞的限定詞；部分名詞的數(shù)的特殊表達(dá)法；主謂一致關(guān)系1. 修飾名詞的限定詞 (1)冠詞：定冠詞the，不定冠詞an/a定冠詞the的用法：指獨(dú)一無二的物體: The sun rises in the east. 太陽從東方升起.第二次出現(xiàn)的名詞Yesterday I met a man. The man seemed very sad.昨天我碰到一個人，這個人看上去很悲傷。帶后置定語的名詞: She is a girl. / She is the girl from Shanghai.除此之外還有一些特殊用法：國際通行節(jié)日前不加the：e.g. National Day, Labor D

11、ay, Womens Day, Childrens Day, Christmas Day, Thanksgiving Day中國傳統(tǒng)的、按農(nóng)歷時間定的節(jié)日名詞前要加the：e.g. the Spring Festival , the Mid-Autumn Day, the Dragon Boat Festival專有名詞表國名、地名等前面不加the：如China, Washington普通名詞轉(zhuǎn)換來的專有名詞前要加the：e.g. the Peoples Republic of Chinathe United States of Americathe United Kindom of Grea

12、t Britain and Northern Ireland (UK) 不定冠詞an/a的用法：表達(dá)數(shù)量的概念 : 一/一個 e.g. There is an apple on the table. 桌上有一個蘋果。表示泛指某一類人或物 e.g. A student should study English well. 學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)好英語。定冠詞特殊含義： 表主/被動關(guān)系：e.g. in charge of 負(fù)責(zé)，掌管 in the charge of 歸管in possession of 擁有 in the possession of 歸擁有表肯/否定關(guān)系：e.g. out

13、 of question 毫無疑問 out of the question 不可能表大/小范圍：e.g. Shenzhen is located in the south of China. 深圳位于中國的南方。Vietnam is located in south of China. 越南位于中國南方。表抽象/具體：e.g. go to school上學(xué) go to the school 去學(xué)校in hospital 住院in the hospital 在醫(yī)院go to church 做禮拜 go to the church 去教堂at table 在進(jìn)餐 at the table 在桌邊

14、by day 在白天 by the day 按日計算 (2) 只能修飾可數(shù)名詞的限定詞: many, a few（一些，幾個，表肯定）, few（很少，不多，表否定）, several, a （large）number of, both, a couple ofe.g.There are a few students. 教室里有一些學(xué)生。There are few students. 教室里沒幾個學(xué)生。(3) 只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞的限定詞: much, a little（少量，一些，表肯定）, little（不多的，表否定）, a great deal of, a large amount of

15、e.g.There is a little water in the cup. 杯子里有一點(diǎn)水。There is little water in the cup. 杯子里沒多少水了。(4)既可修飾可數(shù)名詞，又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞的限定詞: a lot of /lots of, a plenty of, some, most , alle.g.All of us are going to see the game.All of his time was spent on gambling.Three-fourths of the people are illiterate.注意：下列不定代詞短語修飾

16、名詞時，名詞前必須有定冠詞“the”，且謂語動詞的數(shù)取決于該名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)：plenty of, one fourth of, none of, some of, majority of, percent of, the rest of, most of, all of, some of, many of, much ofe.g. Most of the books are interesting.2016同等學(xué)力英語基礎(chǔ)六(3)：2. 名詞的數(shù) (1)四大特殊表達(dá)法以-o結(jié)尾，除hero, tomato, Negro, potato, echo加 es 以外，其它以-o結(jié)尾的單詞復(fù)數(shù)加s，比如

17、photo, radio, zoo, cargo, volcano, zero等；古英語：child-childrenfoot-feet tooth-teeth goose-geese woman-womentooth-teeth復(fù)合名詞： A. 在中心詞上加slooker-on - lookers-on 旁觀者 passer-by - passers-by 過路人runner-up - runners-up 亞軍 comrade-in-arms - comrades-in-arms 戰(zhàn)友editor-in-chief - editors-in-chief 總編輯 mother-in-law

18、- mothers-in-law 岳母；婆母B. 在最后一個詞后加s: film-goer - film-goers 愛看電影的人 go-between - go-betweens 中間人grown-up - grown-ups 成年人 good-for-nothing - good-for-nothings 沒用的人C. 構(gòu)成復(fù)合詞的每個部分都變成復(fù)數(shù): man-driver - men-drivers 男司機(jī) man teacher - men teachers 男教師 woman-nurse - women-nurses 女護(hù)士 woman player - women players

19、女運(yùn)動員十大特殊復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞：單復(fù)數(shù)相同的名詞: fish, sheep, deer, series(系列), means(方式), species(物種), Chinese等等e.g. A series of lectures is going to be held in this room. 這間教室將舉辦一系列講座. I am a Chinese. /We are Chinese.復(fù)數(shù)形式，單數(shù)用法：學(xué)科： physics(物理學(xué)), politics(政治學(xué)), economics(經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)), statistics(統(tǒng)計學(xué))疾病： measles(麻疹), mumps(腮腺炎), r

20、ickets(佝僂病)國名，機(jī)構(gòu)名或報刊雜志名：the United States of America, the United Nations(聯(lián)合國，簡稱UN), New York Times(紐約時報), The Times(泰晤士報), newse.g. The United Nations is the biggest international organization in the world.聯(lián)合國是世界上最大的國際組織。注意: economics 不指經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)，而指整體經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況或形勢時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。politics 不指政治學(xué)，而指政治觀點(diǎn)或政治主張時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 e

21、.g. My politics are quite different from yours. 我的政治觀念與你不同。statistics 不指統(tǒng)計學(xué)，而指統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。單復(fù)數(shù)意義不同的名詞：time 時間 - times 時代minute 分鐘 - minutes 會議紀(jì)要authority 權(quán)威 - authorities 當(dāng)局humanity人類 - humanities 人文學(xué)科pain 痛苦 - pains 努力 (no pains, no gains 一分耕耘一分收獲)light 光 - lights 燈air 空氣- airs 架子 (put on airs 擺架子

22、,裝腔作勢)work 工作 - works 作品，工廠2016同等學(xué)力英語基礎(chǔ)六(4)：3. 主謂一致Both you and I are communist members. 你和我都是共產(chǎn)黨員。Neither you nor I am communist members. 你和我都不是共產(chǎn)黨員。原則一：復(fù)數(shù)原則，即兩個或者兩個以上的名詞由and連接作主語時，或主語由bothand 連接時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。(1)A and B (不同概念的名詞) (2)Both A and B (3)Both, A and Be.g. Tom and Mary are good friends. 湯姆和瑪麗

23、是好朋友。Baseball and swimming are usually summer sports.Both bread and butter are sold in that grocery. 那個雜貨店既賣面包，也賣黃油。原則二：單數(shù)原則 (1) 表示時間、距離、價值、量度的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)。e.g. Three hours is not enough. 三個小時不夠用。One hundred dollars is a huge sum for a child from countryside.一百美元對一個農(nóng)村孩子來說是一大筆錢。2,300 kilometers fr

24、om Beijing to Shenzhen is a long distance.2300公里從北京到深圳是很長的距離。(2) and連接兩個名詞表示一個概念做主語時，謂語用單數(shù); 若表示的是多個不同的概念時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。War and peace is a constant theme in literature.戰(zhàn)爭與和平是文學(xué)中永恒的主題。(war and peace是一對概念，看作一個主題)同例：law and order 法律秩序apple pie and ice cream 蘋果派冰激凌 folk and knife 刀叉 needle and thread 針線 love

25、and hate 愛與恨 egg and rice 蛋炒飯(3)動詞不定式、動名詞、名詞性從句做主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 e.g. What I said today is important. 我今天講的內(nèi)容很重要。 Reading many books is useful. 多看書是有用的。 To work hard is necessary.(4) many a, more than one + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，盡管表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語仍用單數(shù)。e.g. Many a student in our class is from Shandong. 我們班上有許多學(xué)生來自山東。 More tha

26、n one student in our class is from Shandong. 我們班上不止一個學(xué)生來自山東。(5) 由 everyand every; each and each; no and no; many a and many a 等連接的并列主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。e.g. Every man and every woman working here is getting along well with me. 我和在這里工作的男男女女都相處得很好。No difficulty and no hardship has discouraged him.沒有什么艱難險阻能打敗他。

27、原則三：就近原則，謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于B（最靠近謂語動詞的名詞）neither A nor Beither A or BA or Bnot only A but also BThere be + B and Ae.g. There is a teacher and many students in the classroom. 教室里有一位老師和許多學(xué)生。There are many students and a teacher in the classroom. 教室里有許多學(xué)生和一位老師。Not only the students but also their teacher is inv

28、ited to attend the party. 原則四：就遠(yuǎn)原則，謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于A（即第一個主語的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)）A as well as BA together with BA accompanied by BA except BA besides Be.g. My mother, as well as my two brothers, has a key to the office. 我母親，還有我的兩個哥哥都有一把辦公室的鑰匙。例外1：a number of (a total of , an average of )+復(fù)數(shù) 名詞，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)； the number of (t

29、he total of, the average of )+ 復(fù)數(shù)名詞， 謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 e.g. A number of students are from Shanghai. The number of students is 100.例外2：One of my friends is a film star.（one是主語，my friends修飾one） Tom is one of my friends who are from Shanghai. （are為who引導(dǎo)的定語從句的謂語動詞，要與先行詞friends保持一致，故用復(fù)數(shù)）； Tom is the only one of m

30、y friends who is from Shanghai. （有only修飾，句子強(qiáng)調(diào)的重心是one，所以從句謂語動詞用單數(shù)）。例外3：the + adj / v-ed 表示一類人時，用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞；表示抽象概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：the poor / dumb / innocent / guilty / unemployed / aged / oppressed / exploitede.g. The sick have been cured and the lost have been found. 病人得到了醫(yī)治，失蹤的也找回來了。We can do the difficult

31、first. The impossible takes a little longer.我們先從難題開始，不會的可能花的時間長一些。The best is yet to come. 好戲還在后頭。練習(xí)：1. We tend to think the men we like are good for everything, and _we dont, good for nothing.A. onesB. thoseC. the oneD. that解析：本題選B。考查代詞。此處需要一個人稱代詞指代the men (復(fù)數(shù)），只能選用those和ones指代可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，排除C、D項(xiàng)；ones是泛指，而the men則是特指，本題不合適。故選B項(xiàng)。句意：我們常常認(rèn)為我們喜歡的人什么都好，而我們不喜歡的人什么都不好。2. A thousand miles no longer _ much to us today, for modern jets can easily get us to a great distance within a few hours. A. meantB. meansC. meanD. will mean解析：本題選B?？疾橹髦^一致。表示時間，金錢，距離，重量等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，通?？醋饕粋€整體，謂語動詞