1、；.芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃

2、蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈

3、螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)

4、薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆

5、葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀

6、螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆

7、蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂

8、螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆

9、薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀

10、荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄

11、蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿

12、蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆

13、螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀

14、蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄

15、莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈

16、蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃

17、蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇

18、蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄

19、薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈

20、莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃

21、蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇

22、蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁

23、蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅

24、薁 第一章 動詞的時與體(Tense & Aspect)時（tense）是個語法范疇，它是表示時間區(qū)別的動詞形式。英語動詞只有“現(xiàn)在時”和“過去時”，而沒有“將來時”（在英語中，表示“將來”手段多種多樣，但沒有一種獨特的、能與“現(xiàn)在時”和“過去時”平起平坐的專一表示“將來”的動詞形式-“將來時”）。體（aspect）也是一個語法范疇，它表示動作或過程在一定時間內(nèi)處于何種狀態(tài)的動詞形式。英語有進(jìn)行體(progressive aspect)和完成體(perfective aspect)。進(jìn)行體是由助動詞be的一定形式加主動詞的-ing分詞構(gòu)成；完成體由助動詞have的一定形式加主動詞的-ed分詞構(gòu)

25、成?，F(xiàn)在時和過去時既可以單獨使用，也可以和進(jìn)行體或完成體結(jié)合使用，也可以同時與完成體和進(jìn)行體結(jié)合使用。這樣，英語的限定動詞詞組便有8種時、體形式。它們分別是：一般現(xiàn)在時(simple present)、一般過去時(simple past)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行體(present progressive)、過去進(jìn)行體(past progressive)、現(xiàn)在完成體(present perfective)、過去完成體(past perfective)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行體(present perfective progressive)、過去完成進(jìn)行體(past perfective progressive)。在這一

26、章中，我們單獨挑出完成體來加以詳述。11 必須使用完成體的結(jié)構(gòu)1）It (This, This evening, yesterday.) is (was, will be) first (second, third.) time (day, month)結(jié)構(gòu)中的分句，要求用完成體。Is this the first time youve been to Beijing? This was the first time he had been to Beijing.This is the eighth month that I have been out of work.This was the

27、 eighth month that I had been out of work.This is the second time that the goods produced by our factory have been shown in the International Exhibition.This was the second time that the goods produced by our factory had been shown in the International Exhibition.2）在no soonerthan, hardly/barely/scar

28、celywhen,等的句型中，主句要用過去完成體。He had no sooner seen me than he left the room.No sooner had he seen me than he left the room. The helicopter had hardly landed when the waiting crowd ran toward it. Scarcely had I seen the lightning when I heard a clap of thunder.3）將來完成體用來表示在將來某一時間以前已經(jīng)完成或一直持續(xù)的動作。經(jīng)常與before+將

29、來時間或by+將來時間連用，也可與before或by the time引導(dǎo)的現(xiàn)在時的分句連用。I will have finished all the work by the time you are back this evening.I am sure he will have left Paris by this time tomorrow. I hope we will have got all the information before you come tomorrow. By the time you get to New York, I _for London. （2002年

30、1月） A) would be leaving B) am leavingC) have already left D) shall have left 本題時間狀語為by+將來時間，考察將來完成體用法，應(yīng)選擇D)。By the time he arrives in Beijing, we _here for two days.（2001年6月）A) have been staying B) have stayed C) shall stay D) will have stayed 將來完成體用來可以表示在將來某一時間以前一直持續(xù)的動作，本句話的意思是：我們將在這里呆兩天，因此謂語動詞用將來完

31、成體，答案為D)。12 現(xiàn)在完成體與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行體現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行體兼有現(xiàn)在完成體和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行體二者基本特點。由于它有現(xiàn)在完成體的特點，所以它可以表示某一動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響。由于它有現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行體的特點，所以它也可以表示某一動作的延續(xù)性、臨時性、重復(fù)性、生動性乃至感情色彩。1）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行體和現(xiàn)在完成體皆可表示動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，但前者所表示的結(jié)果是直接的，而后者所表示的則是最后的結(jié)果。We have been cleaning the classroom（a）We have cleaned the classroom（b）（a）句可譯為“我們打掃教室來著”。其直接結(jié)果可能是：我們身上都是灰。

32、（b）句可以譯為“我們把教室打掃過了”。其結(jié)果是：現(xiàn)在教室很清潔，可以用了。另外（a）句表示教室剛剛打掃過，（b）句則可能表示教室是昨天打掃的。再看下面兩個句子：Be careful! John has been painting the door（a）John has painted the door（b）（a）句表示約翰剛剛把門油漆過，現(xiàn)在油漆還未干，所以你要小心。（b）句則無此含義，油漆可能已干了。2）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行體有時有延續(xù)性；現(xiàn)在完成體往往沒有。They have been widening the road（a）They have widened the road（b）（a）句的意

33、思是他們在加寬馬路，但尚未完工。（b）句的意思則是已完工了。有時現(xiàn)在完成體有延續(xù)性（如一些屬于持續(xù)體的動詞），但無臨時性質(zhì)。Mr. Smith has been living in London since 1978（a）Mr. Smith has lived in London since 1979（b）（a）句有“史密斯先生在倫敦久居”的含義，（b）句則沒有。3）但現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行體并不總是具有臨時的性質(zhì)。My mother has been teaching English for twenty years（a）My mother has taught English for twenty

34、years.（b）(a)句在此并無臨時性質(zhì)，但較口語化。（b）句則較為正式。另外，（a）句表示動作現(xiàn)在仍在繼續(xù)并將延續(xù)下去；（b）句的動作是否延續(xù)下去，須由上下文決定，但在一般情況下都是延續(xù)下去的。4） 在完成進(jìn)行體往往表示動作在重復(fù)；現(xiàn)在完成體則常常不帶重復(fù)性。Have you been meeting her lately？（a）Have you met her lately？（b）（a）句有“經(jīng)常相會”之意，（b）句則沒有。（b）句如與often，every day等時間狀語連用，當(dāng)然也表示動作在重復(fù)。5） 在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中，現(xiàn)在完成體所否定的是謂語動詞；現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行體所否定的是狀語。He

35、hasnt been speaking since three oclock（a）He hasnt spoken since three oclock（b）（a）句中所否定的不是has been speaking，而是 since three oclock，其結(jié)構(gòu)等于 He has been speaking not since three oclock but since half past three這是因為現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行體本身是沒有否定結(jié)構(gòu)的原故。（b）句用的是現(xiàn)在完成體，而現(xiàn)在完成體是有否定結(jié)構(gòu)的，所以（b）句中所否定的自然是has spoken，意即“從三點起他一直沉默不語，未發(fā)一言”

36、。13情態(tài)動詞 + 行為動詞完成體1） must + have + V-ed指現(xiàn)在對過去已發(fā)生的事或可能出現(xiàn)的情況進(jìn)行推斷和猜測，表示推測過去某事“一定”發(fā)生了。因此，You must see her last night的說法是錯誤的。She must have met a ghost yesterday. 她昨天一定碰見過鬼了。He must have been there last week.他上周一定在那兒。His score on the English test is the highest in the class; he must have studied last night

37、.他這次英語測試的成績?nèi)嘧罡摺Ｋ蛲硪欢ㄔ诤煤脤W(xué)習(xí)。2） cant/couldnt + have + V-edcant/couldnt + have + V-ed為must + have + V-ed的否定形式，指現(xiàn)在對過去已發(fā)生的事或可能出現(xiàn)的情況進(jìn)行推斷和猜測，表示過去不可能發(fā)生某事。They cant have come here in their car yesterday, for it was then under repair.他們昨天不可能開車到這里，因為那時他們的車還正在修理當(dāng)中。The room is in a mess; it cant/couldnt have bee

38、n cleaned.3） may/might + have + V-ed表示推測過去某事“也許”發(fā)生了。He may/might have chosen another career if he had had enough money to further his education.如果他那時有足夠的錢繼續(xù)受教育，他也許會選擇另一個職業(yè)。I might have fulfilled the work earlier. 我本可以早一些完成這件工作的。4） ought to/should + have + V-ed和ought not/shouldnt + have + V-ed對以發(fā)生的情況

39、表示“不滿”、“責(zé)備”，分別表示“本應(yīng)該”和“本不應(yīng)該”I wonder why they havent arrived yet. I told them how to get there, but perhaps I ought/should give them a map.（含有“后悔”或“自責(zé)”之意）You ought to have told me that yesterday.你早在昨天就該把那件事告訴我了。5） neednt + have + V-ed表示過去做了某事，但沒有做的必要，意為“本沒必要”。You neednt have hurried.She neednt have

40、come in person- a letter would have been enough.You neednt have done all those calculations. We have a computer to do that sort of thing.1 4用在was/were, planned, intended, hoped, wished + 不定式完成體表示事實上并未實現(xiàn)的計劃或行為。（詳見3.3不定式完成體）We were to have started at 8 last night, but it snowed heavily.They intended t

41、o have gone camping, but they later cancelled it.I hoped to have finished it last week, but I was too busy.練習(xí)1. Such crimes may be so complex that months or years go by before anyone them. （2002年12月）A) discovers B) discovered C) will discover D) would have discovered2. In fact，Peter would rather hav

42、e left for San Francisco than _ in New York.（2002年6 月）A) to stay B) staying C) stayed D) having stayed3. There has been a great increase in retail sales，_？（2002年6月）A) does there B) hasnt there C) isnt it D) isnt there4. The boy spent as much time watching TV as he _ studying. （2002年1月）A) doesB) hadC

43、) was D) did 5. The article suggests that when a person _ under unusual stress he should be especially careful to have a well-balanced diet. （2002年1月） A) is B) wereC) be D) was 6. By the end of this month, we surely _ a satisfactory solution to the problem. A) have found B) will be foundC) will have

44、 found D) are finding7. The conference _ a full week by the time it ends. A) must have lasted B) will have lastedC) would last D) has lasted 8. -May I speak to your manager Mr. Williams at five oclock tonight? -Im sorry. M. Williams _ to a conference long before then. （2000年6月）A) had gone B) would h

45、ave gone C) has gone D) will have gone 9. She ought to stop work; she has a headache because she _ too long.（2000年1月）A) has been reading B) had read C) is reading D) read10. The careless man received a ticket for speeding. He have driven so fast. （2002年12月）A) cant B) mustnt C) wouldnt D) shouldnt11.

46、 Investigators agreed that passengers on the airliner _ at the very moment of the crash. （2002年6月）A) ought to die B) must have died C) must be dying D) should have died12. You _ him so closely; you should have kept your distance. （2000年6月）A) shouldnt have been following B) couldnt have been followin

47、g C) mustnt follow D) shouldnt follow13. The construction of the laboratory by the end of this year.A) will have completed B) will have been completedC) will be completed D) will completed14. Jack has just phoned to say that he back till Sunday next week.A) doesnt come B) will comeC) hasnt come D) i

48、snt coming15. Take the umbrella in case it . A) is raining B) is going to rain C) rains D) will rain16. By the end of last year, I in this university for ten years.A) had worked B) workedC) was working D) would work17. Pick me up at 9 oclock. I my bath by then.A) can have had B) will have had C) wil

49、l be having D) may have18. I a glass while I the dinner.A) brokewas cooking B) was breakingwas cookingC) was breakingcooked D) brokecooked19. “Michael left for New York this morning.” “Oh, I thought he until next week.”A) hadnt been going B) wasnt going C) isnt going D) wont be going 20. It has been

50、 a long time since they last each other.A) were meeting B) were to meet C) met D) meet21. Ever since the family moved to the suburbs last year, they better health.A) had enjoyed B) are enjoying C) have been enjoying D) could have enjoyed22. You should have put the milk in the ice-box; I expect it un

51、drinkable by now.A) had become B) become C) has become D) became 23. This is one of the rarest questions that at such a meeting.A) are raised B) have ever been raised C) is raised D) has ever been raised24. When he hurried to the airport, he found, to his great disappointment, his ticket at home.A)

52、to have been left B) had left C) were left D) had been left 25. The novel is said into seven languages including Russian.A) to have been translated B) to be translatedC) have translated D) having translated26. We our own business, but we never had enough money.A) hoped to have started B) hoped to st

53、art C) hope to started D) hope to have started27. when she started complaining.A) No sooner had he arrived B) Scarcely did he arrive C) Hardly had he arrived D) Not until he arrived28. There was a knock at the door, it was the second time someone me that evening.A) would have interrupted B) to be in

54、terrupted C) to have interrupted D) had interrupted29. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you advertisements showing happy, balanced families.A) have often seen B) will often seeC) often see D) are often seeing30. They hurried there only to find the meeting cancelled. In fact, they at all

55、.A) need to have gone B) wouldnt have gone C) neednt have gone D) mustnt have gone第二章 被動語態(tài)(Passive Voice)21 主動態(tài)表示被動意義1）一般說來，表示被動意義要用被動態(tài)，構(gòu)成被動態(tài)的動詞必須是及物動詞，不及物動詞是沒有被動態(tài)的。但是，英語里有些不及物動詞在SV(A)結(jié)構(gòu)中卻含有被動意義，用來表示主語的某種特征、屬性。Enamel wares clean easily. 搪瓷器皿容易弄干凈。This box doesnt close properly. 這箱子關(guān)不攏。These apples c

56、ook well 這些蘋果適于烹煮。This metal cuts easily. 這種金屬容易切削。The pipe does not draw well. 這煙斗不大暢通。Nylon dries quickly. 尼龍織物干得快。This material does not dye well. 這料子染不好。It eats well. 這東西吃上去味道好。The hall soon filled 那大廳不久便坐滿了人。Damp Wood will not fire. 潮濕的木頭不會著火。This wheat grinds well. 這種麥子很好磨。The brake does not grip properly. 剎車不靈。This car handles well. 這車很好駕駛。The door wont lock 門鎖不上。The cow milks well. 這頭母牛出奶率高。These books pack easily. 這些書易于包裝。These potatoes peel easily. 這些土豆皮很容易剝。His new novel is selling well. 他的新小說