1、民事法律英語詞匯集錦法律淵源 source of law制定法statute判例法case law ； precedent普通法common law特別法special law固有法native law ； indigenous law繼受法adopted law實體法substantial law程序法procedural law原則法fundamental law例外法exception law司法解釋 judicial interpretation習慣法customary law公序良俗 public order and moral自然法natural law羅馬法Roman Law私法

2、 private law公法 public law市民法jus civile萬民法jus gentium民法法系civil law system英美法系system of Anglo-American law大陸法系civil law system普通法common law大陸法continental law羅馬法系Roman law system英吉利法English law衡平法equity ； law of equity日爾曼法 Germantic law教會法ecclesiastical law寺院法canon law伊斯蘭法Islamic law民法法律規(guī)范 norm of civi

3、l law授權規(guī)范authorization norm禁止規(guī)范forbidding norm義務性規(guī)范obligatory norm命令性規(guī)范commanding norm民法基本原則 fundamental principles of civil law平等原則 principle of equality自愿原則principle of free will公平原則principle of justice等價有償原則principle of equal value exchange誠實信用原則principle of good faith行為 act作為 act不作為 omission合法行為

4、lawful act違法行為unlawful act民事權利權利能力 civil right絕對權absolute right相對權relative right優(yōu)先權right of priority先買權preemption原權 antecedent right救濟權rightofrelief支配權rightofdominion請求權rightofclaim物上請求權right of claim for real thing形成權rightofformation撤銷權rightofclaiming cancellation否認權right of claiming cancellation解除

5、權right of renouncement代位權subrogated right選擇權rightof choice承認權rightof admission終止權rightof termination抗辯權rightof defense一時性抗辯權momentary right of defense永久性抗辯權permanent counter-argument right不安抗辯權unstable counter-argument right同時履行抗辯權defense right of simultaneousperformance既得權tested right期待權expectant r

6、ight專屬權exclusive right非專屬權 non-exclusive right人身權利personal right人權humanright人格權rightof personality生命健康權right of life and health姓名權rightof name名稱權rightofname肖像權rightofportraiture自由權rightoffreedom名譽權rightreputation隱私權rightofprivacy私生活秘密權right of privacy貞操權virginity right身份權right of status親權 parental p

7、ower ； parental right親屬權right of relative探視權visitation right配偶權right of spouse榮譽權right of honor權利的保護protection of right公力救濟public protection私力救濟self-protection權利本位standard of right社會本位standard of society無責任行為irresponsible right正當防衛(wèi)justifiable right ； ligitimate defence防衛(wèi)行為act of defence自為行為self-cond

8、ucting act緊急避險act of rescue ； necessity自助行為act of self-help不可抗力force majeure意外事件accident行為能力capacity for act意思能力capacity of will民事行為civil act意思表示declaration of intention意思表示一致meeting of minds ； consensus完全行為能力perfect capacity for act限制行為能力restrictive capacity for act準禁治產(chǎn)人quasi-interdicted person保佐 p

9、rotection自治產(chǎn)人 minor who is capable of administering his own capacity無行為能力 incapacity for act禁治產(chǎn)人 interdicted person自然人 natural person公民 citizen住所 domicile居所 residence經(jīng)常居住地frequently dwelling place戶籍 census register監(jiān)護 guardianship個體工商戶 individual business農(nóng)村承包經(jīng)營戶 leaseholding rural household合伙 partner

10、ship合伙人 partner合伙協(xié)議partnership agreement合伙財產(chǎn)property of partnership合伙債務debt of partnership入伙join partnership退伙withdrawal from partnership合伙企業(yè)partnership business establishment個人合伙partnership法人合伙partnership of legal person特別合伙special partnership普通合伙general partnership有限合伙limited partnership民事合伙civil

11、partnership隱名合伙 sleeping partnership ； dormantpartnership私營企業(yè) private enterprise ； proprietorship法人 legal person企業(yè)法人legal body of enterprise企業(yè)集團group of enterprise關聯(lián)企業(yè)affiliate enterprise個人獨資企業(yè)individual business establishment國有獨資企業(yè)solely state-owned enterprise中外合資企業(yè)Sino-foreign joint venture enterp

12、rise中外合作企業(yè)Sino-foreign contractual enterprise社團法人legal body of mass organization財團法人legal body of financial group聯(lián)營 joint venture法人型聯(lián)營association of legal persons合伙型聯(lián)營coordinated management in partnership協(xié)作型聯(lián)營cooperation-type coordinated management合作社cooperative民事法律行為 civil legal act單方民事法律行為unilater

13、al civil legal act雙方民事法律行為bilateral civil legal act多方民事法律行為joint act civil legal act有償民事法律行為civil legal act withconsideration無償民事法律行為civil legal act withoutconsideration ； civil legal act without award實踐性民事法律行為practical civil legal act諾成性民事法律行為consental civil legal act要式民事法律行為formal civil legal act不

14、要式民事法律行為informal civil legal act要因民事法律行為causative civil legal act不要因民事法律行為noncausative civil legal act主民事法律行為principal civil legal act從民事法律行為accessory civil legal act附條件民事法律行為conditional civil legal act附期限民事法律行為civil legal act with term生前民事法律行為 civil legal act before death死后民事法律行為 civil legal act af

15、ter death準民事法律行為quasi-civil legal act無效行為ineffective act可撤銷民事行為revocable civil act違法行為illegal act ； unlawful act侵權行為 tort欺詐 fraud脅迫 duress乘人之危 taking advantage of others' precarious position以合法形式掩蓋非法目的 legal form concealing illegal intention惡意串通malicious collaboration重大誤解gross misunderstanding顯失

16、公平obvious unjust誤傳 misrepresentation代理 agency本人 principal被代理人 principal受托人trustee代理人agent本代理人original agent法定代理人statutory agent； legal agent委托代理人agent by mandate指定代理人designated agent復代理人subagent再代理人subagent轉代理人subagent代理權 right of agency授權行為act of authorization授權委托書 power of attorney代理行為act of agenc

17、y委托代理agency by mandate本代理original agency復代理subagency次代理subagency有權代理authorized agency表見代理agency by estoppel ； apparent agency律師代理agency by lawyer普通代理general agency全權代理general agency全權代理委托書 general power of attorney共同代理joint agency獨家代理sole agency居間 brokerage居間人broker行紀 commission ； broker house信托 tru

18、st時效 time limit ； prescription ； limitation時效中止suspension of prescription/limitation時效中斷interruption of limitation/prescription時效延長extension of limitation取得時效acquisitive prescription時效終止 lapse of time ； termination ofprescription期日 date期間 term涉外民事關系 civil relations with foreign elements沖突規(guī)范 rule of

19、conflict準據(jù)法 applicable law ； governing law反致 renvoi ； remission轉致 transmission識別identification公共秩序保留 reserve of public order法律規(guī)避 evasion of law國籍 nationality國有化 nationalization法律責任 legal liability民事責任civil liability/responsibility行政責任administrative liability/responsibility刑事責任criminal liability/resp

20、onsibility違約責任liability of breach of contract；responsibility of default有限責任limited liability無限責任unlimited liability按份責任shared/several liability連帶責任joint and several liability過失責任liability for negligence；negligentliability過錯責任fault liability ； liability for fault單獨過錯sole fault共同過錯joint fault混合過錯mixed

21、 fault被害人過錯 victim's fault第三人過錯third party's fault推定過錯presumptive fault惡意 bad faith ； malice故意 deliberate intention ； intention ；willfulness過失 negligence重大過失gross negligence疏忽大意的過失careless and inadvertent negligence過于自信的過失negligence with undue assumption損害事實facts of damage有形損失tangible damage

22、/loss無形損失intangible damage/loss財產(chǎn)損失property damage/loss人身損失personal damage/loss精神損失spiritual damage/loss民事責任承擔方式methods of bearing civilliability停止侵害cease the infringing act排除妨礙exclusion of hindrance ； removal ofobstacle消除危險elimination of danger返還財產(chǎn)restitution of property恢復原狀 restitution ； restituti

23、on of original state賠償損失 compensate for a loss ； indemnify for a loss支付違約金payment of liquidated damage消除影響eliminate ill effects恢復名譽rehabilitate one's reputation賠禮道歉 extend a formal apology物權 jus ad rem ； right in rem ； real right物權制度 real right system ； right in rem system一物一權原則 the principal of

24、 One thing ， One Right物權法定主義principal of legality of right in rem物權公示原則 principal of public summons of right in rem物權法 jus rerem物 property生產(chǎn)資料 raw material for production生活資料 means of livelihood ； means of subsistence流通物 res in commercium ； a thing in commerce限制流通物 limited merchantable thing禁止流通物 re

25、s extra commercium ； a thing out of commerce資產(chǎn) assetfixed asset流動資產(chǎn) current asset ； floating asset動產(chǎn) movables ； chattel不動產(chǎn)immovable ；real estate特定物res certae ；a certain thing種類物genus ； indefinite thing可分物res divisibiles； divisible things不可分物 res indivisibiles ； indivisible things主物 res capitalis ； a

26、 principal thing從物 res accessoria ； an accessory thing原物 original thing孳息 fruits天然孳息natural fruits法定孳息legal fruits無主物 bona vacatia ； vacant goods ； ownerless goods遺失物 lost property漂流物 drifting object埋藏物 fortuna ； hidden property貨幣 currency證券 securities債券 bond物權分類 classification of right in rem/real

27、right自物權 jus in re propria ； right of full ownership所有權 dominium ； ownership ； title所有權憑證document of title ； title of ownership占有權 dominium utile ； equitable ownership使用權 right of use ； right to use of收益權 right to earnings ； right to yields處分權 right of disposing ； jus dispodendi善意占有 possession in go

28、od faith惡意占有malicious possession按份共有several possession共同共有joint possession他物權 jus in re aliena用益物權real right for usufruct使用權 right to use ； right of use土地使用權right to the use of land林權 forest ownership采礦權mining ownership經(jīng)營權managerial authority； power of management承包經(jīng)營權right to contracted management相鄰

29、權neighboring right；relatedright地上權superficies永佃權jus emphyteuticum；right to landed estategranted in perpetuity through a contract地役權servitude ； easement人役權servitus personarum ；personal servitude擔保物權 real right for security物的擔保 security for thing物的瑕疵擔保warranty against defect of a thing抵押權hypotheca ； h

30、ypothecation； right tomortgage抵押權的設定creation of right to mortgage抵押人 mortgagor抵押權人 mortgagee抵押標的物 collateral ； estate under mortgage抵押權的效力 deffect of right to mortgage抵押權的次序 sequence of right to mortgage抵押權的拋棄 abandonment of right to mortgage抵押權的讓與 alienation of right to mortgage抵押權的實現(xiàn)materializatio

31、n of right to mortgage抵押權的消滅extinction of right tomortgageregistration of estate under mortgage抵押物登記registration of estate under mortgage抵押優(yōu)先權priority of mortgage第 33 頁 共 29 頁lien般留置權general lien特別留置權special lien質權 hypotheque ； pledge ； right of pledge佃權 tenant right債權 jus in personamright to give o

32、r procureclaim ； creditor's right債權人 creditor債務人 debtor相對人 counterpartofferee給付 give ；pay債務 debt ；liabilityobligation債務的償還payment of debt債務的償清discharge of debt債務的擔保guarantee of debt債務的合并consolidation of debt債務的給付日期 debt maturity債務的免除exemption of debt債的分類 obligatio ； obligation法定之債legal obligatio

33、n任意之債voluntary obligation簡單之債simple obligation選擇之債alternative obligation主債 prime/principal obligation從債 accessory obligation單一之債single obligation按份之債several obligation連帶之債joint obligation特定之債certain obligation種類之債indefinite obligation合同之債contractual obligation侵權行為之債tort obligation損害賠償之債obligation of

34、 compensation forinjury ； obligation of damages人身損害damage to person精神損害moral/mental/spiritual damage醫(yī)藥費hospital treatment expense醫(yī)療費medical charge撫恤金pension慰問金 consolation money產(chǎn)品瑕疵defect of product不當?shù)美鹵njust enrichment無因管理voluntary service債的擔保guarantee of obligation財產(chǎn)擔保property guarantee信用擔保credit

35、guarantee讓與擔保alienation guarantee保證 guaranty明示保證express guaranty默示保證implied guaranty保證人guarantor保證合同contract of guaranty/suretyship保證金guaranty bond ； security deposit押金 deposit ； foregift預付款advanced payment定金 earnest money ； deposit違約金liquidated damages法定違約金liquidated damages by law約定違約金liquidated d

36、amages by agreement債的履行 performance of obligation實際履行原則doctrineofspecificperformance情事變更原則doctrineofchangeof circumstances不當履行misfeasance清償 discharge ； satisfaction提存 debtor's submission of the subject matter ofobligation to competent authority抵銷 setoff知識產(chǎn)權 intellectual property知識產(chǎn)權國際保護 internat

37、ional protection ofintellectual property國民待遇原則doctrine ofnational treatment優(yōu)先權原則 a right of priority doctrine自動保護原則doctrine ofautomatic protection特許權使用費royalties智力成果 intellectual property著作權 copyright版權 copyright著作權人 copyright owner創(chuàng)作 creation作品 opus ； product ； work著作人格權right of personality of copy

38、right發(fā)表權 right of publication署名權 right of authorship ； right of paternity修改權 right of modification ； right of revision完整性保持權right to maintain integrity不可侵犯權inviolability收回權 right of recall ； right of retrieval自費出版 publish a book at the author's own expense著作財產(chǎn)權property right in work使用收益分享權right

39、to share usufruct利用權right tomake use of獲得報酬權right to get payment重播權right ofrebroadcasting錄制權right offixation機械復制權right of mechanograph ； right ofmechanical reproduction著作鄰接權neighboring right of copyright剽竊 plagiary ； plagiarism盜版 pirate盜版 VCD pirated VCD偽造 forge工業(yè)產(chǎn)權 industrial property專利權 patent rig

40、ht優(yōu)先權日priority date申請在先原則 prior application rule使用在先priority of use新穎性novelty創(chuàng)造性creativity實用性practicability發(fā)明創(chuàng)造invention and creation實用新型utility model外觀設計design ； industrial design發(fā)明權right of invention發(fā)現(xiàn)權right of discovery專利申請patent application專利異議objection to a patent專利公告patent gazette專利續(xù)展費 renewal

41、 fee of patent專利許可協(xié)議patent licensing agreement技術訣竅know-how專有技術know-how專利證書certificate of patent專利事務所patent office專利代理 patent agency中華人民共和國專利局 Patent Office of the People'sRepublic of China商標權 trademark right商標國際注冊international registration oftrademark商品商標 commodity trademark服務商標service trademark

42、馳名商標reputed trademark廣告商標advertisement trademark近似商標similar trademark商標評審委員會trade review and appraisal board商標審查trademark examination商標侵權trademark infringement商標注冊registered trademark商標公告trademark gazette注冊商標使用許可licensing of registered trademark注冊商標轉讓 assignment of registered trademark商標使用許可協(xié)議trademark licensing agreement商標事務所trademark officefamily商標代理 trademark agency婚姻、家庭、繼承、收養(yǎng)marriage inheritance ， adoption婚姻法 marital law ； marriage law包辦婚姻 arranged mar