1、金太陽新課標(biāo)資源網(wǎng) 第四部分 閱讀表達(dá) 閱讀表達(dá)是山東省高考自主命題在2007年的創(chuàng)新題型。該題型重在考查考生的實(shí)際語言技能和綜合語言運(yùn)用能力，并側(cè)重于對后者的考查，尤其是對運(yùn)用英語獲取信息、處理信息、分析問題和解決問題的能力的考查。 一、閱讀表達(dá)的特點(diǎn)： 1.閱讀表達(dá)考查學(xué)生對書面材料的閱讀理解能力和書面表達(dá)能力，即獲取、收集、提煉、加工語言材料的能力。以閱讀材料作為問題的載體，考查的最終目標(biāo)是表達(dá)能力，為“寫”的考查拓寬了渠道。這種題型是新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下的高考命題形式的一大突破。 2.題目的設(shè)計對學(xué)生的閱讀理解能力的考查加大了廣度和深度。問題形式向多樣化發(fā)展，考查學(xué)生的個性發(fā)展和思維的多樣性和

2、開放性。既要理解文章的總體意思，又要把握文章的細(xì)節(jié)，還要進(jìn)行英譯漢的句子翻譯，同時也考查學(xué)生對長難句的分析理解能力。學(xué)生必須全面深刻的理解文章才能正確作答。 二、閱讀表達(dá)的總體要求： 共5個小題；每小題3分，共l5分；參考時間：15分鐘。要求學(xué)生閱讀所給的一篇短文，并根據(jù)文章后的題目進(jìn)行簡答。近四年的閱讀表達(dá)題型如下： 2010年閱讀表達(dá) 76.What is the main idea of the text？(no more than S words) 77. Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the follo

3、wing one? 78. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper words. (no more than 8 words) 79.What information can parents probably get about their children at family dinner? (no more than 12 words) 80. Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 into Chinese. 2009 年閱讀表達(dá) 76. What does the author

4、say about the adults according to Paragraph 1 ？(within 8 words) 77. Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one? 78. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 5 with proper words. (within 5 words) 79. List three effects of smiling on health according to the text. (within 8 words)

5、80. Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 into Chinese. 2008年閱讀表達(dá) 76. List three activities that might develop into addictions based on the text. (Please answer within 8 words) 77. Whats the main idea of Paragraph 3? (Please answer within 8 words) 78. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with

6、 proper words. (Please answer within 6 words) 79. Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one? 80. Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 into Chinese. 2007 閱讀表達(dá) 76. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one? 77. Fill in the

7、blank in Paragraph 3 with a proper sentence. ( within10 words ) 78. What advice is given in the last paragraph? ( within 10 words) 79. For what purpose does the author mention his American friend in Paragraph 1 ? (within 10words)80. Translate the underlined sentence in the last paragraph into Chines

8、e 三、題目考查的主要類型： 1概括文章大意、標(biāo)題或指出作者的寫作意圖(評分要求：依據(jù)與文章整體內(nèi)容的相關(guān)程度酌情給分) 問題的主要形式為：What is the best title of the passage?What is the writers purpose of writing the passage? What is the general/main idea of the passage? 答題技巧 (1)要出現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵詞才能得分。 (2)不要過于標(biāo)新立異，但要簡潔明了。 (3)要全面涵蓋文章內(nèi)容，分清主旨和細(xì)節(jié)，把握部分和整體的關(guān)系，不要以偏蓋全。 (4)題目不能太大、太籠統(tǒng)。

9、 (5)要注意主旨句。 (6)文章標(biāo)題的形式：完整的句子；簡潔的單詞、短語。 (7)對于標(biāo)題中字母的大小寫、格式等一般不做嚴(yán)格的要求。通常采用以下幾種方式： 標(biāo)題的第一個單詞的首字母大寫：How to deal with stress實(shí)詞的第一個字母大寫：How to Deal with Stress 所有字母都大寫：HOW TO DEAL WITH STRESS 2補(bǔ)全文章中空缺的部分(評分要求：要求給出的答案能保持與上下文的連貫性，而且與參考答案的意思相近) 要求：(1)要很好地保持與上下文的連貫性。 (2)語法要正確。 答題技巧： (1)整體理解，上下推敲，注意上下文的邏輯性，特別是文中

10、表示并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、對比、因果、遞進(jìn)等關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞的使用。 (2)分析語法，用適當(dāng)單詞、短語或句子的正確形式填空。(3)把握作者的思路，簡練表達(dá)，不能偏離主題，更不能斷章取義。 (4)要放回原文中進(jìn)行檢查，確保其準(zhǔn)確性。 例如：78Fill in the blank in Paragraph 5 with proper words(within 5 words)So maybe we can make the world a better place by(2009年山東卷78) 參考答案：Saying hello to each other/greeting each other/saying

11、hello 3根據(jù)語境翻譯句子(評分要求：要求在準(zhǔn)確全面的基礎(chǔ)上翻譯成較為通順的漢語，并表達(dá)出作者的思路) 要求： (1)翻譯時既要忠實(shí)于原文，又要符合漢語的習(xí)慣。 (2)翻譯不可太拘泥。拘泥、刻板的翻譯因死守原文語言形式而損害了原文的思想內(nèi)容。好的譯文應(yīng)該是形式與內(nèi)容的統(tǒng)一。 (3)能夠直譯盡量不意譯。 (4)翻譯的過程應(yīng)該是先理解后表達(dá)，也就是說要通過適當(dāng)?shù)姆g技巧用規(guī)范的漢語表達(dá)出來。 答題技巧： (1)直譯意譯互動。在安排好了句子結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ)上，直譯意譯相結(jié)合，其效果更佳。 Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the

12、features that make one face different from another.譯文：即使是最老道的作家也很可能不能描述出不同面孔的區(qū)別所在。(2)注意詞義的精選和引申。 In the 1880s the United States was a land sharply divided between the immensely wealthy and the very poor.此句中“l(fā)and”根據(jù)上、下文可譯為“國家”。(3)適當(dāng)?shù)卦鲈~或減詞。 While both groups did better than chance would predict, nearl

13、y half the participants in eachgroup made the wrong choice two or more times.譯文：盡管兩組表現(xiàn)得比我們預(yù)料的要好，但是每組幾乎一半?yún)⒓诱咦鞒隽藘纱位騼纱我陨系腻e誤選擇。(4)堅持長句短說的表達(dá)方法。 Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, bio-chemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive(認(rèn)知

14、的)areas such as attention and memory. 譯文：研究人員己證實(shí)，當(dāng)人們在動腦筋時，頭腦里會產(chǎn)生生化變化。這種變化可以使頭腦在一些認(rèn)知領(lǐng)域(如注意力、記憶力領(lǐng)域等)里更加有效地進(jìn)行活動。(5)善于分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)。 做好英譯漢的重要步驟之一就是要會分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)。把主、謂、賓、狀、定、補(bǔ)一一分析出來，就會明白句意，然后針對各成分，采用不同的譯法。 例如：Whatever the reason，my urban hellos were answered far less often than my rural ones(2009年山東卷80) 參考答案：不管出于什么原因

15、，我在城里打招呼得到的回應(yīng)比在鄉(xiāng)村少得多。 4同義語句替換(評分要求：要準(zhǔn)確找出與之相符的句子) 要求： (1)一定要通過上下文，整體理解，分析所給句子的結(jié)構(gòu)、含義、實(shí)際用意，并在文中找出 同義的句子。 (2)不能增加或減少(不完整或多余都不行)，不可斷章取義，必須準(zhǔn)確無誤。 例如:Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one? Teachers and students got friendlier so that the students became more active in lea

16、rning and scored higher in tests. (2009年山東卷77)參考答案： School went from impersonal to personal, and that resulted in more class participation and better grades.5開放性回答問題(評分要求：首先要回答問題即可得1分，能對回答的問題進(jìn)行合理的解釋即可得2分) 開放性的問題主觀性強(qiáng)，回答原因很重要。要依據(jù)短文，結(jié)合個人的觀點(diǎn)、經(jīng)驗(yàn)，進(jìn)行有針對性的回答，要注意揚(yáng)長避短。6封閉性回答問題 答案是固定的和唯一的，可以在文章中找到明確的依據(jù)，包括常見的Wh

17、questions如: What does the author say about the adults according to Paragraph 1 ？(2009年 山東卷76)參考答案：Adults are not willing to say hello.注意：做閱讀表達(dá)的整個過程中務(wù)必注重卷面的規(guī)范性和答題字?jǐn)?shù)的限制。實(shí)戰(zhàn)練習(xí)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答下列小題。(每篇5小題；每小題3分，滿分l5分)1 Learning to save money when youre young is an important lesson. All good lessons and hab

18、its begin early, and saving is a skill that everyone needs. Many peopleadults included do not have a good sense of saving for the long run. I have been lucky to learn this lesson early because I have had a grass-cutting business since I was 10 years old. Of the money I make I spend about 10 percent

19、and save the other 90. Make sure you save and dont spend too much, which is a good way to build up wealth. I have put my earnings in a bank. Many teens I know spend all the money they earn so it never has a chance to grow. Young people should realize that their teenage years are a great time to begi

20、n saving. At high school many parents pay for almost everything, so your expenses can be small. If you have a lot, you should have fun with some of the money. But you should also save some so that it will grow. Then you can begin planning for your future. When you spend money, you not only lose that

21、 money, but also lose the interest you could have earned by saving it. After high school, college is expensive and then real life begins, with expenses such as food and rent. If you can hold on to a good percentage of the money you earn as a teen, going to college and buying a house will be much eas

22、ier. ，the more time the money has to grow. If you are in your thirties without any savings, you will always have to struggle. The earlier you begin saving, the easier it is to create a nest egg. Later in life it can be hard to start saving because general costs of living are more expensive and you m

23、ay only have enough to pay your bills. If you want to buy a house and have a family, you need money to start with, which comes from saving. Many people say money cannot make you happy, and this is true. But money can help you to lead a secure life. Saving early will mean you will have to work for fe

24、wer years when you are older. It will also allow you to spend time doing the things that you want to do In addition to this, it will mean you can live the way you want to without worrying.76. Whats the best tide of the passage? 77. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the follo

25、wing one? As long as you save early, youll do less work to live well at your old age. 78. Please fill in the blank in the passage with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (within 10 words) 79. According to the passage, what do you think of saving? (within 30 words) 80. Translate the un

26、derlined sentence into Chinese ？ 2 During your lifetime, the person youll spend most time with is you! But do you really understand yourself? When you are going upwards in life you tend to overestimate yourself. It seems that everything you seek for is within your reach; luck and opportunities will

27、come your way and you are overjoyed that you think they constitute part of your worth. When you are going downhill you tend to underestimate yourself, mistaking difficulties for your own incompetence. To get a thorough understanding of yourself is to gain a correct view of yourself -be aware of both

28、 your strengths and weaknesses. You may look forward hopefully to the future but be sure not to expect to6 much, for not all ideals can be fully realized. To get a thorough understanding of yourself is to know when to do yourself a favor. In time of sadness, do yourself a favor by sharing it with yo

29、ur friends so as to change a gloomy mood into a cheerful one; do yourself a favor by getting a good sleep or taking a tonic. If you fall ill, its up to you to take good care of yourself. To get a thorough understanding of yourself is to get full control of yourself. Having done so, you will find you

30、r life full of color and flavor.76. Whats the best tide of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words.) 77. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?Understanding yourself fully is having a right attitude towards yourself, that is, knowing not only your advantages but your

31、 disadvantages as well. 78. Please fill in the blank in the fourth paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (Please answer within 10 words.) 79. What do you think is the best way to get a thorough understanding of yourself? (Please answer within 30 words.) 80. Translate the u

32、nderlined sentence in the third paragraph into Chinese. 3 People visit other countries for many reasons. Some travel on business; others travel to visit interesting places that are only found in other countries, such as the Taj Mahal in India, or the temples of Thailand. Wherever you go, and for wha

33、tever reason, it is important to be safe. A tourist can attract a lot of attention from local people. While the majority of people you will meet when traveling are sure to be friendly and welcoming, there are dangerstheft being the most common. Just as in your home country, do not expect everyone yo

34、u meet to be friendly and helpful. It is important to prepare for your trip in advance, and to take precautions while you are traveling. As you prepare for your trip, make sure you have the right paperwork. You dont want to get to your destination only to find you have the wrong visa, or worse, that

35、 your passport is about to expire. Also, make sure you travel with proper medical insurance, so that if during your travels, you will be able to get treatment. If you want to drive while you are abroad, make sure you have an international drivers license. Buy a guidebook and read about the local cus

36、toms of the country you are going to. Also, try to learn a few basic words and phrases dont assume that the local people will speak your language. When you get to your destination, use official transport. Always go to bus and taxi stands; dont accept rides from strangers who offer you a lift. If the

37、re is no meter in the taxi, agree on a price before you get in. If you prefer to stay in cheap hotels while traveling, make sure you can lock the door of your room from the inside. If you are traveling with valuables such as jewelry, or a lot of cash, you should ask about a safe for storing them in.

38、 Finally, remember to smile. Smiling is the friendliest and most sincere form of communication, and is sure to be understood in any part of the world! 76. Try to give the passage a proper title. (within 10 words) 77. Please fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with a proper sentence. (within 10 words) 7

39、8. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one?Even at you local place, you shouldnt be upset if someone couldnt offer help when needed. 79. Whats the main idea of the last paragraph? (within 15 words) 80. Please translate the underlined sentence into Chinese. 4Open

40、Your Eyes And Lets See Who You Are Inventors have developed a new way to identify people, using a machine that scans their eyeballs. Developed by eyes scan, this new technology takes advantage of the fact that the iris (虹膜) of each persons eye is unique, and remains unchanged throughout a lifetime.

41、The process will replace called retina (視網(wǎng)膜) identification, which compared the pattern of veins (靜脈) in the back of the eye. Used to control access to nuclear weapons, retina identification has never caught on with the public because it requires the user to put their eyeball right up against a lens

42、. Iris scanning, on the other hand, works from a distance. The iris of the eye is photographed from up to one meter away. The patterns of the iris are translated into digital code, and stored in a PC database, along with personal information. Glasses and contact lenses do not interfere with the scan

43、ning process, and it takes only a brief moment. The new technology will be useful for banking and police work, as well as for the Internet economy. Before long, your computer monitor may be equipped with an iris scanner that can identify you when you shop online, thus preventing cheat. There will be

44、 no ID cards to carry in your pocket, and no long numbers to memorize. And eyes will be very difficult to counterfeit. Did you lose your ID card? No, you didnt. Its still right up there beside your nose.76. What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words.) 77. Which sentence in

45、 the passage can be replaced by the following one? A new way has been improved to identify people, using a machine that scans their eyeballs. 78. Please fill in the blank in the third paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (Please answer within 10 words.) 79. What do you th

46、ink of the eyeball ID? (Please answer within 30 words.) 80. Translate the underlined sentence in the last paragraph into Chinese. 5 1 With the average number of children in a British family falling beneath an average of two, the population of the UK has been falling for quite a few years. This trend

47、 is quite worrying for the British economy. 2 Why arent the British having as many children as they used to? Well, there are a range of reasons. One of them is that British people are now having their children at a much older age than previously. Most young people today want a well-paid job, so they

48、 have to go to university. After years of study at university, hey need a few years of work experience to get a job they want. They might then get married, but its incredibly expensive to buy a house in the UK. That explains why British young people now dont move out of their parents home until they are around 30 years old. It is not until that age that they can afford to have their home, get married and start thinking about having a child. 3 So a British pe