1、一輪復(fù)習(xí)最新高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解專題練習(xí)（含答案）一、高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解1 .閱讀理解Babies born in summer are more likely to become short-sighted in late life, a study has shown.As many as a quarter of all cases of short-sightedness are caused by too great an exposure to sunlight in the first weeks of life, say eye experts.They are advising a

2、ll parents to put sunglasses on their babies during the first weeks.Scientists had already established that over-exposure to sunlight caused shortsightedness in animals.Researchers who compared the months in which babies were born with whether they needed glasses later on say the principle also appl

3、ies to humans.A study of almost 300, 000 young adults-the largest of its kind-showed that those born in June and July had a 25 per cent greater chance of becoming severely short-sighted than those born in December or January.Research leader Professor Michael Belkin, of Tel Aviv University, said it w

4、as because prolonged illumination(光照)causes the eyeball to lengthen-causing short-sightedness.Hence the more light a newborn is exposed to, the more the eyeball lengthens and the worse the short-sightedness will be.The mechanism which lengthens the eyeball is associated with levels of melatonin(褪黑激素

5、 ),a pigment (色素)which protects the skin against harmful rays of the sun.In young babies not enough melatonin is released as protection, meaning they are more vulnerable to sunburn and changes to eyeball shape.Sight expert Professor Daniel OLeary, of Anglia Ruskin University in Cambridge, said At th

6、e moment we dont know the precise cause of why light exposure affects sight, but the evidence seems to prove that it is one of the reasons for people becoming shortsighted.(1) Babies born in summer are more likely to be shortsighted.A. because the summer sun is too strong for babiesB. because babies

7、 born in summer have lengthened eyeballsC. if they are exposed too much sunlight in the first weeks after they are born D if parents dont know a proper way to protect their babies eyes(2) Melatonin is a kind of material to.A. prevent the eyes from becoming near-sightedhB. protect the skin from harmf

8、ul sun raysC. make our body strongD. protect babies eyes from summer sun(3) From what Professor Daniel OLeary says we can conclude that.A. there is no evidence that shortsightedness is related to exposure to sunlightB. whether light exposure affects sight still needs to be further provedC. he believ

9、es that light exposure can cause shortsightednessD. he tries to give the cause of why light exposure affects sight(4) The underlined word vulnerable in the passage probably means.A. easy to be harmedB. resistantC. protectiveD. changeable【答案】（ 1 ） C(5) 2） B(6) 3） C(7) 4） A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，研究表明在夏季出生的嬰

10、兒長(zhǎng)大后更容易成為近視眼，眼科專家稱多達(dá)四分之一的近視眼病例是由于在出生后前幾周里暴露陽(yáng)光太久造成。（ 1 ）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段和第二段可知，眼科專家稱：在夏季出生的嬰兒長(zhǎng)大后更容易成為近視眼，因?yàn)橛捎趮雰涸诔錾笄皫字芾锉┞蛾?yáng)光太久造成。故選C 。（ 2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“ Themechanism which lengthens the eyeball isassociated with levels of melatonin（ 褪黑激素）, a pigment （ 色素 ） which protects the skin againstharmful rays of

11、 the sun. 可知，褪黑激素是一種可以保護(hù)皮膚不受陽(yáng)光紫外線傷害的色素。“故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段可知，劍橋大學(xué)的視學(xué)專家Daniel OLeary教授相信暴露在陽(yáng)光下會(huì)導(dǎo)致人們近視眼。故選C。（ 4）考查詞義猜測(cè)。在嬰幼兒時(shí)期，沒有產(chǎn)生足夠的褪黑激素作為保護(hù)，嬰幼兒更容易被陽(yáng)光灼傷，并且改變眼球的形狀。故選A。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選 出正確答案。2 閱讀理解Washington, D.C. Bicycle ToursCherry Blos

12、som Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.Duration TourThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see a world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before ava

13、ilability the cherry blossoms disappear!Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourDuration: 3 hours （4 miles）Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history a

14、t each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.Duration: 3 hoursMorning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C.in a healthy way with minimum effort. Know

15、ledgeable guides will entertain you with the most, interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route（ 路線 ）make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourDuration: 3 hours(7miles)Join a small

16、 group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet,

17、 and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.(1) Which tour do you need to book in advance?A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.D. Washington Capital Sites at Ni

18、ght Bicycle Tour.(2) What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?A. Meet famous people.B. Go to a national park.C. Visit well-known museums.D. Enjoy interesting stories.(3) Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?A. City maps.B. CamerasC. Meals.D. Safety lights.【答案】(1) AA(4)

19、 D【解析】【分析】短文大意：本文介紹了四個(gè)有特色的華盛頓特區(qū)自行車之旅。(1)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的Reserve your spot before availability the cherryblossomsdisappear!可知，華盛頓的櫻花自行車之旅需要在櫻花消失之前預(yù)定好位置，故 選Ao(2)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的 Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. 可知，在首都

20、自行車之旅 中可以聽到導(dǎo)游講的有關(guān)總統(tǒng)、國(guó)會(huì)、紀(jì)念碑等有趣的故事，故選Do(3)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的 All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights可知，夜間自行車之旅配備反光背心和安全燈，故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解。涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解題，要注意仔細(xì)閱讀從文中尋找答案。3 .閱讀理解People have grown taller over the last century, with South Korean women shooting up by more than 20cm on average, and

21、 Iranian men gaining 16.5cm. A global study looked at the average height of 18-year-olds in 200 countries between 1914 and 2014.The results show that while Swedes were the tallest people in the world in 1914, Dutch men have risen from 12th place to claim top spot with an average height of 182.5cm. L

22、atvian women, meanwhile, rose from 28th place in 1914 to become the tallest in the world a century later, with an average height of 169.8cm.James Bentham, a co-author of the research from Imperial College, London, says the global trend is likely to be due to improvements in nutrition and healthcare.

23、 An individuals genetics has a big influence on their height, but once you average over whole populations, genetics plays a less key role, he added.A little extra height brings a number of advantages, says Elio Riboli of Imperial College. Being taller is associated with longer life expectancy, he sa

24、id. This is largely due to a lower risk of dying of cardiovascular(心血管的)disease among taller people.But while height has increased around the world, the trend in many African countries causes concern, says Riboli. While height increased in Uganda and Niger during the early 20th century, the trend ha

25、s reversed in recent years, with height decreasing among 18-year-olds.One reason for these decreases in height is the economic situation in the 1980s,said Alexander Moradi of the University of Sussex. The nutritional and health crises that followed the policy of structural adjustment, he says, led t

26、o many children and teenagers failing to reach their full potential( 潛力)in terms of height.Bentham believes the global trend of increasing height has important implications How tall we are now is strongly influenced by the environment we grew up in, he said. If we give children the best possible sta

27、rt in life now, they will be healthier and more productive for decades to come.(1) What does the global study tell us about peoples height in the last century?A. The increase in peoples height has been quickening.B. The increase in womens height is bigger than in mens.C. There is a remarkable differ

28、ence across continents.D. There has been a noticeable increase in most countries.(2) What does Elio Riboli say about taller people?A. They enjoy an easier life.B. They tend to live longer.C. They risk fewer deadly diseases.D. They have greater expectations in life.(3) What does the underlined word r

29、eversed in Paragraph 5 mean?A. Slowed down. B. Gone upwards. C. Changed to the contrary. D. Come to life again.(4) What does James Bentham suggest we do?A. Ensure childrens proper nutrition and healthcare.B. Improve the economic situation of some countries.C. Watch the global trend of increasing hei

30、ght closely.D. Attach great importance to environmental protection.【答案】(1) DB(3) C(4) A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，全球研究調(diào)查了上個(gè)世紀(jì)人們平均身高增長(zhǎng)了的結(jié) 論。全球身高增長(zhǎng)的趨勢(shì)有著重要的影響。我們現(xiàn)在的身高很大程度上受到我們成長(zhǎng)環(huán)境 的影響。如果我們現(xiàn)在給孩子們最好的人生開端，他們?cè)谖磥?lái)幾十年里會(huì)更健康，更年富 力強(qiáng)。作者建議我們要確保孩子們的營(yíng)養(yǎng)和醫(yī)療保健。(1)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的Peoplehave grown taller over the last century, withS

31、outh Korean women shooting up by more than 20cm on average, and Iranian men gaining16.5cm. A global study looked at the average height of 18-year-olds in 200 countries between1914 and 2014. 在過(guò)去的一個(gè)世紀(jì)里，人們的身高不斷增長(zhǎng)，韓國(guó)女性的平均身高增加了“20 厘米以上，伊朗男性的平均身高增加了16.5 厘米。一項(xiàng)全球研究調(diào)查了1914 年至 2014年間 200 個(gè)國(guó)家 18 歲青年的平均身高?？芍?，這項(xiàng)

32、全球研究調(diào)查了1914 年到 2014 年200 個(gè)國(guó)家 18 歲年輕人的平均身高，得出了上個(gè)世紀(jì)人們平均身高增長(zhǎng)了的結(jié)論。故選 D。（ 2 ） 考 查 細(xì) 節(jié) 理 解 。 根 據(jù) 第 四 段 中 的 ” Beingtaller is associated with longer life expectancy 可知，身材更高的人平均壽命更長(zhǎng)。故選 “B。（ 3）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第五段中的” While height increased in Uganda and Niger during theearly 20th century 而在“ 20 世紀(jì)早期，烏干達(dá)和尼日爾的身高有所增加；以及

33、” withheightdecreasing among 18-year-olds. 在 “ 18歲的人群中，隨著身高的下降?？芍?，reversed 的意思是 反轉(zhuǎn) 。故選C。（ 4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的” If we give children the best possible start in life now,they will be healthier and more productive for decades to come. 如果我們現(xiàn)在給孩子們最好的“人生開端，他們?cè)谖磥?lái)的幾十年里會(huì)更健康，更年富力強(qiáng)。可知，他建議我們要確保孩子們的營(yíng)養(yǎng)和醫(yī)療保健。故選A?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】

34、本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和詞義猜測(cè)兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行推理，歸納，從而選出正確答案。4 閱讀理解Triple Olympic and world sprint（ 短跑 ） champion Usain Bolt of Jamaica said on Monday he expects years of fast feats to ease doping doubts in athletics and has no plans to play American football.Appearing on ESPN programs and i

35、n light-hearted races outside the television sport networks studios, Bolt said he feels he must prove himself to a skeptical sports world in the wake of past doping scandals（誹謗）.I have to prove myself to the world that you can run fast without it, Bolt said.Bolt cited the speeds he and countryman As

36、afa Powell and American Tyson Gay have achieved without positive doping tests.We just （have to） continue to run fast, Bolt said. In a couple of years everyone will continue to watch again and have less doubts.Bolt won gold in the 100m, 200 and 4x100 relay in world record times at last years Beijing

37、Olympics and last month in Berlin set world records of 9.58 seconds in the 100 and 19.19 in the 200 and helped a relay title in a World Championships treble.I want to be a legend in the sport. For me its all a focus on winning championships after championships, Bolt said.I dont consider myself a leg

38、end. When I defend my titles I will consider myself a legend.Bolts defending of World and Olympic gold should be the feature attraction of the 2011 IAAFWorld Championships in Daegu, South Korea, and the 2012 London Olympics.（ 1 ） Why does Usain Bolt say that he has no plans to play American football

39、?A. Because he wants to ease doping doubts in athletics. B. Because he wants to show his fast feats.C. Because he is doubted by some people. D. Because he runs fastest in the world.(2) How many times did Usain Bolt break the world records?A. three times.B. four times.C. five times.D. eight times.(3)

40、 What does the passage mainly tell us?A. Usain Bolt plans years of fast feats to ease doping doubts. B. Usain Bolt is doubted for his athletics.C. Usain Bolt set world records again in Berlin last month. D. Usain Bolt wants to a legend in the sport.(4) The passage can be read.A. on TVB. on the Inter

41、netC. in a bookD. in a newspaper.【答案】(1) A C(3) B(4) D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，本周一，來(lái)自牙買加的兩屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)和世界短跑冠軍博爾特(Usain Bolt)表示，他希望通過(guò)多年的快速成績(jī)來(lái)緩解運(yùn)動(dòng)員服用興奮劑的疑慮。(1)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的TripleOlympic and world sprint (短跑) championUsain Bolt of Jamaica said on Monday he expects years of fast feats to ease doping doubts in athleti

42、cs and has no plans to play American football. 本周一，來(lái)自牙買加的兩屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)和世界 短跑冠軍博爾特(Usain Bolt)表示，他希望通過(guò)多年的快速成績(jī)來(lái)緩解運(yùn)動(dòng)員服用興奮劑的 疑慮，而且他沒有踢美式足球的計(jì)劃)可推知，因?yàn)槿藗儗?duì)田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)中興奮劑的疑慮，他 想平息這種疑慮，證明沒有興奮劑也可以，所以選擇繼續(xù)跑步，沒有踢美式足球的計(jì)劃。故選Ao(2)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第六段中的Boltwon gold in the 100m, 200 and 4x100 relay inworld record times at last years Beijin

43、g Olympics and last month in Berlin set world records of 9.58 seconds in the 100 and 19.19 in the 200 and helped a relay title in a World Championships treble.在去年的北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)上，博爾特獲得了100米、200米和4x100接力的金牌，打破了世界紀(jì)錄，上個(gè)月在柏林，他以 100米9.58秒和200米19.19秒的成績(jī)打破了世界紀(jì) 錄，并幫助他在接力賽上奪取了世界錦標(biāo)賽的三冠王，可知，博爾特在北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)上打破 了 3次世界紀(jì)錄，在柏林打破了

44、2次世界紀(jì)錄，總共打破過(guò)5次世界紀(jì)錄。故選C=(3)考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第二段中的Appearing on ESPN programs and in ligh-hearted racesoutside the television sport networks studios, Bolt said he feels he must prove himself to a skeptical sports world in the wake of past doping scandals (誹謗).博爾特出現(xiàn)在 ESPN 的節(jié) 目中，并在電視體育網(wǎng)絡(luò)的演播室外參加輕松愉快的比賽，他說(shuō)，在過(guò)去的興奮劑

45、丑聞之 后，他覺得自己必須向持懷疑態(tài)度的體育界證明自己，及下文博爾特所說(shuō)的話可知，本文 介紹了尤塞恩 博爾特的田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)受到了人們的質(zhì)疑。故選 Bo(4)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的TripleOlympic and world sprint (短跑) championUsain Bolt of Jamaica said on Monday he expects years of fast feats to ease doping doubts in athletics and has no plans to play American football. 本周一，來(lái)自牙買加的兩屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)和世界

46、短跑冠軍博爾特(Usain Bolt)表示，他希望通過(guò)多年的快速成績(jī)來(lái)緩解運(yùn)動(dòng)員服用興奮劑的 疑慮，而且他沒有踢美式足球的計(jì)劃，可推知，本篇文章極可能來(lái)自報(bào)紙。故選Do【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇新聞報(bào) 道，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推 理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5. (2019?全國(guó)m )閱讀理解Before the 1830s, most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually $8 to $10

47、a year. Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens. Accordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. They w

48、ere dull and visually forbidding. But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that.The trend, then, was toward the penny paper-a term referring to papers made widely available to the public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers t

49、hat could be bought in single copies on the street.This development did not take place overnight. It had been possible(but not easy)to buy single copies of newspapers before 1830,but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printers office to purchase a copy. Street sales were almost unkn

50、own. However, within a few years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities. At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny-usually two or three cents was charged-and some of the older well-known papers charged five or six cents. But the phrase penny paper caught the

51、publics fancy, and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.This new trend of newspapers for the man on the street did not begin well. Some of the early ventures(企業(yè))were immediate failures. Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful papers, had littl

52、e desire to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.(1) Which of the following best describes newspapers in America before the 1830s?A. Academic.B. Unattractive.C. Inexpensive.D. Confidential.(2) What did street sales mean to newspapers?A. They wou

53、ld be priced higher.B. They would disappear from cities.C. They could have more readers.D. They could regain public trust.(3) Who were the newspapers of the new trend targeted at?A. Local politicians. B. Common people. C. Young publishers. D. Rich businessmen. (4) What can we say about the birth of

54、the penny paper?B. It was a temporary success.D. It was a disaster for printers.A. It was a difficult process.C. It was a robbery of the poor. 【答案】(1) B C（ 3） B（ 4） A【解析】【分析】本文介紹了“便士報(bào)紙”的誕生歷程。（ 1 ）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。將題干中的1830s 定位在文章的第一段，根據(jù)these amounts wereforbidding to most citizens 和 most newspapers had little

55、in them that would appeal to a mass audience 可知，當(dāng)時(shí)只有富人才能讀報(bào)紙，而且大多數(shù)報(bào)紙中幾乎沒有能吸引大眾的內(nèi)容，讓人感覺無(wú)聊。由此可得出那時(shí)的報(bào)紙沒有什么吸引力。A . Academic 學(xué)術(shù)的；8. Unattractive 沒有吸引力，無(wú)魅力的；C. Inexpensive 廉價(jià)的，不貴的；D. Confidential 機(jī)密的，保密的。故答案為B。（ 2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段提到“便士報(bào)紙”針對(duì)大眾，很便宜的。更重要的是，在街上可以買到報(bào)紙。結(jié)合第三段中間的street sales of newspapers would be comm

56、onplace ineastern cities 可知，報(bào)紙的街頭銷售隨處可見。由此可推斷出，街頭銷售意味讀報(bào)紙的多了。故答案為C。（ 3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的referring to papers made widely available to the public 可知，這種“便士報(bào)紙”是針對(duì)大眾的，在街上可以買得到報(bào)紙。所以這種報(bào)紙針對(duì)的是普通老百姓，故答案為B。（4）推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的did not begin well immediate failure夠口，便士報(bào)紙 ”新趨勢(shì)一開始并不好，一些早期的嘗試立即失敗了。后來(lái)一些年輕而大膽的商人才推動(dòng)了這件事。由此可推斷

57、出“便士報(bào)紙”的誕生是一個(gè)困難而曲折的過(guò)程。故答案為A。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】這是一篇科普類的說(shuō)明文，閱讀時(shí)把握文章的主旨，然后快速瀏覽文章內(nèi)容。閱讀問(wèn)題時(shí)，確定問(wèn)題中的關(guān)鍵詞，然后在文章中準(zhǔn)確定位，認(rèn)真分析相關(guān)的語(yǔ)句即可得到答案。6 Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.The history of the world is but the biography （傳記） of great men, argued Thomas Carlyle,the

58、 advocate of what has come to be known as the Great Man Theory of History. This theory suggests that the broader movements and outline of history all go back to the leadership of great individuals who had unique influence on their times. Whether or not Carlyles theory proves true is debatable, but that certain individuals cast long shadows is not.As on