1、Reading Comprehension閱讀理解專題閱讀理解專題-推理判斷題推理判斷題A PuzzleThere are three men on a train.Mr. A speaks and Chinese.Mr. B speaks French and . Mr. C can only talk with Mr. A.What language does Mr. C speak? EnglishEnglishChinese.Exercise1“You can use me as a last resort(選擇), and if nobody else volunteers, the

2、n I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids lacrosse(長曲棍球) club.（2019卷2）Q: What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph 1? A.She knows little about the club. B.She isnt good at sports. C.She just doesnt want to volunt

3、eer. D.Shes unable to meet her schedule.Exercise 2 During the rosy years of elementary school（小學(xué)）, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground（2019卷1）Q: What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary schoo

4、l? A. Unkind. B. Lonely. C. Generous. D. Cool.201620162017201720182018201920193 3個(gè)個(gè)/ /15155 5個(gè)個(gè)/ /15153 3個(gè)個(gè)/ /15153 3個(gè)個(gè)/ /1515思維方法思維方法: 進(jìn)行邏輯推理時(shí)，可能運(yùn)用到以下思進(jìn)行邏輯推理時(shí)，可能運(yùn)用到以下思維方法中的一種或幾種：維方法中的一種或幾種：(1)正向思維法：正向思維法：根據(jù)短文中提供的事實(shí)依據(jù)進(jìn)行正向推根據(jù)短文中提供的事實(shí)依據(jù)進(jìn)行正向推理，作出合符情理的結(jié)論。理，作出合符情理的結(jié)論。(2)逆向思維法：逆向思維法：根據(jù)文中事實(shí)提出相反的假設(shè)根據(jù)文中事實(shí)提出相

5、反的假設(shè),進(jìn)行推斷進(jìn)行推斷,從而得出符合情理的結(jié)論。從而得出符合情理的結(jié)論。(3)主旨推斷法：主旨推斷法：在理解短文大意，明確文章主旨的基礎(chǔ)在理解短文大意，明確文章主旨的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)行推斷，從而得出符合情理的結(jié)論。上，進(jìn)行推斷，從而得出符合情理的結(jié)論。(4)整合全文（段）信息進(jìn)行推斷整合全文（段）信息進(jìn)行推斷 1. Question forms Question forms : It can be inferred from the text that . From the text we know that is most likely . The writer suggests that .

6、 The story implies/indicates that . We can infer /conclude from the passage that .這類題干中通常含有這類題干中通常含有infer, suggest(暗示暗示), imply, conclude indicate(暗示暗示)等標(biāo)志性詞語。等標(biāo)志性詞語。2.2. 技巧點(diǎn)撥技巧點(diǎn)撥: （1 1）針對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)推斷（三步）針對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)推斷（三步法）法）尋讀細(xì)節(jié)理論依據(jù)尋讀細(xì)節(jié)理論依據(jù)分析評(píng)價(jià)分析評(píng)價(jià)( (研讀）研讀）推理判斷推理判斷【典型考例典型考例】(2018全國全國B)In Save Money:Good Food,she v

7、isits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste,while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day.And the Good Morning Britain presenter says shes been able to put a lot of what shes learnt into practice in her own home,preparing

8、 meals for sons,Sam,14,Finn,13,and Jack,11.How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?A.He buys cooking materials for her. B.He prepares food for her kids.C.He assists her in cooking matters. D.He invites guest families for her.帶著題干中的標(biāo)識(shí)詞帶著題干中的標(biāo)識(shí)詞“help”找到第二段中的找到第二段中的“with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers

9、 top tips on how to reduce food waste,while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day”可知可知,馬特主廚在烹飪方面給予了馬特主廚在烹飪方面給予了她幫助她幫助,所以選所以選C項(xiàng)。項(xiàng)。【解題思路【解題思路】Exercise 3 Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thoug

10、ht they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀) about themselves.（2019卷1）Q: We can infer that the purpose of Whaleys project is to _. A. help students see t

11、heir own strengths B. assess students public speaking skills C. prepare students for their future jobs D. inspire students love for politics 技巧點(diǎn)撥：找依據(jù),分析+推理判斷Exercise 4 The main reason for this is the drivers, who are called “cabbies”. Many of them are true Cockneys. This means they were born in the

12、heart of London and speak their own special dialect(方言) of English. All of them know every street and famous building in the city, and all of them love to talk. A simple twenty-minute journey across town can become very interesting. You may have a discussion about the government and its leaders or a

13、 friendly talk about the drivers Aunty Nellie! One thing is for sure, it will never be boring. Cabbies know all the latest news about film stars, the Royal Family, government leaders, and popular singers or actors and actresses.（2018浙江） Q:What does the author suggest by mentioning “Aunty Nellie” in

14、paragraph 2? A.Passengers are full of curiosity. B.Cabbies topics are wide-ranging. C.Aunty Nellie is popular in London. D.Londoners are friendly to each other.1. Question forms:1. Question forms:The writers The writers attitudeattitude toward is_. toward is_.The writer The writer thoughtthought tha

15、t_. that_.According to the authorAccording to the author _. _.2.2.技巧點(diǎn)撥技巧點(diǎn)撥注意作者表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞及所舉的例子詞及所舉的例子，推斷出作者的弦外之音。Taking notes:Taking notes:作者的態(tài)度:(1)1)objective objective (2)(2)subjective subjective (3)(3) neutral neutral (4)(4)negativenegative(5)(5) positive positive 6)6)approvalapprov

16、al (7) (7) disapproval disapproval (8) (8) indifferentindifferent(9)(9) sympathetic sympathetic (10)(10)critical critical (11)(11)optimisticoptimistic 12) 12)pessimisticpessimistic客觀的客觀的中立的中立的積極的積極的不贊成的不贊成的漠不關(guān)心的漠不關(guān)心的同情的同情的樂觀的樂觀的主觀的主觀的消極的消極的贊成的贊成的批評(píng)的批評(píng)的悲觀的悲觀的【典型考例典型考例】(2017全國全國)Inventors have been tr

17、ying to make flying cars since the 1930s,according to Robert Mann,an airline industry expert.But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality.The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly.Th

18、e Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.Q: What is the governments attitude to the development of the flying car? A.CautiousB.Favorable C.Ambiguous. D.Disapproving.根據(jù)文中的“ The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to

19、 make it easier for the vehicle to fly.”可知,政府對(duì)這種飛行汽車的研發(fā)持支持的態(tài)度。cautious“謹(jǐn)慎的”;favorable“支持的”;ambiguous“含糊不清的”;disapproving“不贊成的”?！窘忸}思路【解題思路】故答案選故答案選B。Exercise 5The problems of excessive(過度的) energy consumption, climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer T

20、homas L. Friedman. He fears the worst, but hopes for the best. Friedman points out that the green economy is a chance to keep American strength. “The ability to design, build and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency

21、of power in the new century.”(2018浙江)Q: What is Friedmans attitude towards Americas future? A. AmbiguousB. Doubtful C. Hopeful D. TolerantExercise 6. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.The coming technological

22、advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.(2018北京) Q: What is the authors attitude to the future of self-driving cars? A. Doubtful.B. Positive.

23、C. Disapproving. D. Sympathetic. 【技巧點(diǎn)撥】關(guān)注表達(dá)感情色彩的形關(guān)注表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞容詞1. 1. Question forms:Question forms:The passage is most likely to be The passage is most likely to be taken from_.taken from_.Where would this passage most probably Where would this passage most probably appearappear? ?Where can we most

24、probably read this text?Where can we most probably read this text?The passage is for.The passage is for.2. 解題技巧解題技巧 這類問題應(yīng)從文章的內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷其出處這類問題應(yīng)從文章的內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷其出處. BrainstormBrainstormwherescienceNews reportAn adA guide bookA MagazineA booklet 小冊(cè)子A website/a blogTV/Radio programmeTextbookExamplesExamplesI

25、f you want to find more If you want to find more information,information,click here.click here.websiteIf you want to keep your body shape,If you want to keep your body shape,call me. The number is 400-8679.call me. The number is 400-8679.ad(XINHUA , BEIJING) Yesterday ten(XINHUA , BEIJING) Yesterday

26、 ten thousand people visited the Great thousand people visited the Great WallWallNews report （全國卷）Do you always understand the directions on a bottle of medicine? Do you know what is meant by “Take only as directed?” Read the following directions and see if you understand them. To reduce pain, take

27、two tablets(藥片) with water, followed by one tablet every eight hours, as required. For night-time and early morning relief (緩解疼痛) take two tablets at bedtime. Do not take more than six tablets in twenty-four hours. For children six to twelve years old, give half the amount . For children under six y

28、ears old, ask your doctors advice. Reduce the amount if you suffer from restlessness or sleeplessness after taking the medicine.This text is most probably taken from a _. A. textbook B. newsreel C. doctors notebook D. bottle of medicine More than 30,000 drivers and front seat passengers are killed o

29、r seriously injured（受傷）each year. At a speed of only 30 miles per hour it is the same as falling from a third floor window. Wearing a seat belt（安全帶）saves lives; it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half. Therefore drivers or front seat passengers over 14 in most vehicles mu

30、st wear a seat belt. If you do not, you could be fined up to $ 50. It will not be up to the drivers to make sure you wear your belt. But it will be the drivers responsibility（責(zé)任）to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing seat belt of some kind. However, you

31、do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing（倒退）your vehicle or you are making a local delivery（發(fā)送）or collection using a special vehicle; or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it. Make sure these circumstances（情形）apply to you before you decide not to wear

32、your seat belt. Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so, and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it. This text is taken from _. A. a medical magazine B. a traffic police report C. an advertisement D. a government information booklet M

33、ore than 30,000 are killed or seriously injured each year.you could be fined up to $ 50Remember you may be taken to court you may be fined a police reportExercise 7Many of us love July because its the month when natures berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels form

34、. British Columbias fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白質(zhì)蛋白質(zhì)), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particula

35、rly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物質(zhì)抗氧化物質(zhì)). . If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a childrens party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into

36、 the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.(2018卷卷2)Q:From which is the text probably taken？A. A biology textbook.B. A health magazine.C. A research paper.D. A travel brochure.Exercise 8As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometri

37、c(生物測(cè)量)technologieslike fingerprint scansto keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch”four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the devic

38、e could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates.(2019卷1)Q: Where is this text most likely from?A diary. B. A guidebook. C. A novel. D. A magazine. Exercise 9A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different sym

39、bols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward.When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate (2019卷3)Q: In which section of a newspaper may this text appear? A. Entertainment. B

40、. Health. C. Education. D. Science.1 1. . Question forms:Question forms:Whats the Whats the main purpose main purpose of the author of the author writing the passage?writing the passage?The writer of the story The writer of the story wants to wants to tell us tell us that_.that_.The writer talks abo

41、ut The writer talks about in order toin order to_._.2.2.技巧點(diǎn)撥技巧點(diǎn)撥作者一般作者一般不直接不直接陳述自己的意圖陳述自己的意圖, ,通過通過文章提供的事實(shí)文章提供的事實(shí)客觀地客觀地使讀者信服某種使讀者信服某種思想或觀點(diǎn)思想或觀點(diǎn), ,這就要求考生在這就要求考生在理解文章理解文章主旨大意主旨大意基礎(chǔ)上基礎(chǔ)上, ,根據(jù)文章的論述根據(jù)文章的論述來揣來揣測(cè)作者的意圖測(cè)作者的意圖?！镜湫涂祭湫涂祭?2018全國B)Good Morning Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on

42、the sofa every morning,but she is cooking up a storm in her latest roleshowing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.In Save Money:Good Food,she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste,whi

43、le preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day.And the Good Morning Britain presenter says shes been able to put a lot of what shes learnt into practice in her own home,preparing meals for sons,Sam,14,Finn,13,and Jack,11.“We love Mexican churros,so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican tak

44、eaway restaurant,”she explains.“I pay 5 for a portion(一份),but Matt makes them for 26p a portion,because they are flour,water,sugar and oil.Everybody can buy takeaway food,but sometimes were not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.”The eight-part series(系列節(jié)目),Save Money:Good Food,follow

45、s in the footsteps of ITVs Save Money:Good Health,which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.Q: What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?A.Summarize the previous paragraphs. B.Provide some advice for the readers.C.Add some background in

46、formation.D.Introduce a new topic for discussion.【解題思路【解題思路】推理判斷題。作者在第四段中提到“The eight-part series(系列節(jié)目),Save Money:Good Food,follows in the footsteps of ITVs Save Money:Good Health.”,由此可知,作者寫這一段是為了提供一些有關(guān)節(jié)目的背景信息,所以與C項(xiàng)相符。故答案選故答案選C。Exercise 10In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 no

47、vels published in Britain.No one will ever know what mix of talent , ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possibleand important for our own culture-to understand how he made himself a lasting one. (2018浙江)Q: W

48、hat is the authors purpose in writing the text? A.To remember a great writer. B.To introduce an English novel. C.To encourage studies on culture. D.To promote values of the Victorian age.【技巧點(diǎn)撥】全面分析全面分析 + +忠實(shí)原文忠實(shí)原文 Exercise 11 A young man from a village called Nawalapitiya married a young woman from

49、Maliyuwa, a nearby village. They lived with the mans big family-his parents, his brothers, their wives and children. The family kept an elephant, in which the young woman soon took a great interest. Every day she fed it with fruit and sugar. Three months later the woman went back to her parents home

50、, having quarreled with her husband. Soon the elephant refused to eat or work. It appeared to be ill and heart-broken. One morning after several weeks the animal disappeared from the house. It went to the womans home. On seeing her, the elephant waved its trunk and touched her with it. The young wom

51、an was so moved by the act of the animal that she returned to her husbands home. The writer wrote the story in order to_. A. show that elephants are very clever B. tell how a woman trained a wild animal C. show that women care more for animals than men do D. tell how an animal reunited a husband and

52、 wife341Which of the following might have happened afterwards?2The paragraph(following the passage) will most probably be_.3We can conclude from the passage that_.4Which of the following conclusions can we draw from the passage?1.主要主要設(shè)題方式有：設(shè)題方式有：2. 解題技巧解題技巧推測(cè)下文的內(nèi)容：根據(jù)作者的思路進(jìn)行推理，特別是最后兩三句話。推測(cè)上文的內(nèi)容：關(guān)注第一段，特別是文段開始的幾句話。36 William, Shakespeare said, “The web