1、從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。1. - Oh, dear. I forgot the air tickets.- You _ something.A. have left B. are always leavingC. are leaving D. always left2. - I _ so busily recently that I _ no time to help you with your math.- Thats OK. I can manage it by myself.A. have been working; haveB. have worked

2、; hadC. am working; will haveD. had been working; had had3. Remember to send me a photo of us next time you _ to me.A. are writing B. will writeC. has written D. write4. He _ at the meeting, but his heart attack prevented him.A. will speak B. is going to speakC. had to speak D. was going to speak5.

3、- I beg your pardon, but I didnt quite catch you. - Oh, I _ myself.A. am talking to B. talked aboutC. have talked to D. was talking to6. I _ ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the New Year. A. will play B. have playedC. played D. play7. I first met Tom 10 years ago. He _ in a

4、radio factory at that time.A. had worked B. has workedC. was working D. has been working8. - What _ when I phoned you?- I _ my work, and I wanted to go out.A. have you done; finishedB. were you doing; have finishedC. did you do; had just finishedD. were you doing; had just finished9. - Have you fini

5、shed the report?- No. I _ it all this week.A. will do B. had doneC. have done D. have been doing10. I can guess you were in a hurry. You _ your sweater inside out.A. had worn B. woreC. were wearing D. are wearing11. - We _ that you would fix the TV set this week.- Im sorry. I _ to fix it this week,

6、but Ive been too busy.A. had expected; had intendedB. are expecting; had intendedC. expect; intendD. expected; intend12. - Why? Tom, your shirt is so dirty!- Mum, I _ my storeroom downstairs.A. cleaned B. have cleanedC. was cleaning D. have been cleaning13. They wont buy new clothes because they _ m

7、oney to buy a new house.A. save B. are savingC. have saved D. were saving14. The traffic in our city is already good and it _ even better.A. gets B. got C. has got D. is getting15. - I will come to attend your lecture at 10:00 tomorrow.- Im sorry, by then my lecture will have ended and I _ my guests

8、 in my office.A. is being met B. will meetC. will be meeting D. will have met16. - Alice came back home the day before yesterday.- Really? Where _?A. has she been B. had she beenC. has she gone D. had she gone17. I know Mr. Brown; we _ to each other at an international conference.A. are introduced B

9、. are been introducedC. were introduced D. had been introduced18. - Where do you think _ he _ the computer?- Sorry. I have no idea.A. has; bought B. 不填; boughtC. did; buy D. 不填; buys19. Dont bother to look for my dictionary - it _ some day.A. turns up B. has turned upC. will turn up D. is going to t

10、urn up20. - What do you think of this kind of TV set, which _ in Shanghai?- Well, I dont care about such things.A. was made B. is made C. has been made D. had been made21. - Did he notice you enter the room?- I dont think so. He _ to the radio with his eyes shut.A. listened B. was listeningC. has li

11、stened D. had listened22. The plane _ at 7:00 pm, so I have to be at the airport by 6:40 at the latest.A. has left B. would leaveC. will have left D. leaves23. The train _ at the present speed until it reaches the foot of the mountain at about nine oclock tonight.A. went B. is going C. goes D. will

12、be going24. I used to drink a lot of tea but these days I _ coffee.A. prefer B. preferredC. had preferred D. am preferring25. The vegetables didnt taste very good. They _ too long.A. had been cooked B. were cookedC. have cooked D. cooked答案及部分解析：1-5 BADDD 6-10 DCDDD 11-15 ADBDC 16-20 BCBCB21-25 BDDAA

13、 26-30 ABBAD 31-35 DADCC 36-40 ABDDC41-45 CDBCB 46-50 BDDBC1. 進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)與always, all the time等連用，表示習(xí)慣性行為，且?guī)в袧夂竦母星樯省４颂幙衫斫鉃椤澳憧偸莵G三落四的”。2. recently常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用。第二空應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。3. next time引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，而且其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。4. 由題意“他本來(lái)打算在會(huì)上發(fā)言，但”可知應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。5. Oh, I was talking to myself.意為“噢， 我（剛才）只是在自言自語(yǔ)”。6. “乒乓球打得好”是一般情況，

14、故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。9. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可用于表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去，也可能剛剛結(jié)束。本題使用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)了動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性和未完成性。10. 此處用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)來(lái)解釋前面所說(shuō)的話(huà)，意為“我猜你剛才一定很匆忙，毛衫都穿反了”。11. 由賓語(yǔ)從句中的would fix可斷定第一空用had expected（表示“過(guò)去本來(lái)期望”）；第二空用had intended（to do.），表示“過(guò)去本來(lái)打算（去做）”。14. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可用于表示動(dòng)作的漸進(jìn)過(guò)程。又如：Her hair is getting grayer and grayer.她的頭發(fā)正變得越來(lái)越花

15、白。15. 此空用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。16. 此處表示“前天之前艾利斯曾經(jīng)去哪兒了？”故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。18. Where do you think _ he.?為雙重疑問(wèn)句，故第一空不填；第二空為過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。21. He _ to the radio with his eyes shut.后省略了when I entered the room。此處意為“（當(dāng)我進(jìn)入那個(gè)房間時(shí)，）他正閉著眼睛聽(tīng)收音機(jī)”。22. 按時(shí)間表或日程表安排將要發(fā)生的事，常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。 23. 題意為“火車(chē)將一直以目前的速度行駛直到今晚9點(diǎn)到達(dá)山腳下?！?4. 此處p

16、refer意為“寧愿”，是表示人心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，不宜用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 1 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法 1） 經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： every, sometimes,at, on Sunday。例如： I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七點(diǎn)離開(kāi)家。 2） 客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實(shí)。例如： The earth moves around the sun. 地球繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中國(guó)東部。 3） 表示格言或警句。例如：

17、Pride goes before a fall.驕者必?cái)　?注意：此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語(yǔ)從句中，即使主句是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥倫布證實(shí)了地球是圓的。 4） 現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性。例如： I dont want so much. 我不要那么多。 Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)得不錯(cuò)，講的可不行。 比較：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。 I am doing my

18、 homework now. 我正在做功課。 第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，用于操作演示或指導(dǎo)說(shuō)明的示范性動(dòng)作，表示言行的瞬間動(dòng)作。第二句中的now是進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志，表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的客觀狀況，所以后句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 2 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法 1）在確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。例如：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如： Where did you go just now? 剛才你上哪兒去了？ 2）表示在過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。例如： When I was a child, I of

19、ten played football in the street. 我是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，常在馬路上踢足球。 Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. 那時(shí)，布朗一家無(wú)論什么時(shí)候去，都受到熱烈歡迎。 3）句型：It is time for sb. to do sth 到時(shí)間了 該了。例如：It is time for you to go to bed. 你該睡覺(jué)了。 It is time that sb. did sth. 時(shí)間已遲了 早該了 ，例如It is time you wen

20、t to bed.你早該睡覺(jué)了。 would （had） rather sb. did sth.表示寧愿某人做某事。例如：Id rather you came tomorrow.還是明天來(lái)吧。 4） wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過(guò)去時(shí)，作試探性的詢(xún)問(wèn)、請(qǐng)求、建議等，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)都已成為過(guò)去，現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。例如：I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。 比較：Christine was an invalid all her life.（含義：她已不在人間。） Christine has been an inval

21、id all her life.（含義：她現(xiàn)在還活著） Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含義：達(dá)比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。） Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含義：現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去） 注意： 用過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在，表示委婉語(yǔ)氣。 1）動(dòng)詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如： I wondered if you could help me. 能不能幫我一下。 2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 could, would。例如： Co

22、uld you lend me your bike? 你的自行車(chē)，能借用一些嗎？ 3 used to / be used to used to + do：過(guò)去常常表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，但如今已不存在。例如： Mother used not to be so forgetful.老媽過(guò)去沒(méi)那么健忘。 Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫過(guò)去常常散步。 be used to + doing： 對(duì)已感到習(xí)慣，或習(xí)慣于，to是介詞，后需加名詞或動(dòng)名詞。例如： He is used to a vegetarian diet. Scarf is used to taking

23、a walk. 斯卡夫現(xiàn)在已習(xí)慣于散步了。 典型例題 - Your phone number again? I _ quite catch it. - Its 69568442. A. didntB. couldntC. dontD. cant 答案A. 本句雖沒(méi)有明確的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，但從語(yǔ)意上看出，在聽(tīng)的時(shí)候沒(méi)有聽(tīng)懂這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，因此應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)。 將來(lái)時(shí)4 一般將來(lái)時(shí) 1）shall用于第一人稱(chēng)，常被will 所代替。will 在陳述句中用于各人稱(chēng)，在征求意見(jiàn)時(shí)常用于第二人稱(chēng)。例如： Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先讀哪一段呢？ Will you

24、 be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七點(diǎn)回家好嗎？ 2）be going to +不定式，表示將來(lái)。 a. 主語(yǔ)的意圖，即將做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？ b. 計(jì)劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。例如：The play is going to be produced next month。這出戲下月開(kāi)播。 c. 有跡象要發(fā)生的事。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那烏云，快要下雨了。 3）be +不定式表將來(lái)，按計(jì)

25、劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。例如： We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我們下星期六討論這份報(bào)告。 4） be about to +不定式，意為馬上做某事。例如： He is about to leave for Beijing. 他馬上要去北京。 注意：be about to do 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 5 be going to / will 用于條件句時(shí)，be going to表將來(lái),will表意愿。例如： If you are going to make a journey, you

26、d better get ready for it as soon as possible. Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror. 6 be to和be going to be to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主觀的打算或計(jì)劃。例如： I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我去踢球。（客觀安排） Im going to play football tom

27、orrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。（主觀安排） 7 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái) 1）下列動(dòng)詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以表示將來(lái)，主要用來(lái)表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情。例如： The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火車(chē)明天上午六點(diǎn)開(kāi)。 When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽車(chē)什么時(shí)候開(kāi)？十分鐘后。 2）在時(shí)間或條件句中。例如： When Bill comes （不是will come）, ask

28、him to wait for me. 比爾來(lái)后，讓他等我。 Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就寫(xiě)信給你。 8 用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái) 下列動(dòng)詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示將來(lái)。例如： Im leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。 Are you staying here till next week? 你會(huì)在這兒呆到下周嗎？ 9 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)

29、作或狀態(tài)。其構(gòu)成：have （has） +過(guò)去分詞。 10 比較一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 1）一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過(guò)去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。 2）一般過(guò)去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆為具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/unti

30、l, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 共同的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。 3）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。 一般過(guò)去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如： I saw this film yesterday

31、. （強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)了） I have seen this film. （強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了） Why did you get up so early? （強(qiáng)調(diào)起床的動(dòng)作已發(fā)生過(guò)了） Who hasnt handed in his paper? （強(qiáng)調(diào)有卷子未交，疑為不公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)） He has been in the League for three years. （在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)） He has been a League member for three years. （是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù)） 句子中如有過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如yesterday, last, wee

32、k, in 1960）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過(guò)去時(shí)。 （錯(cuò)）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （對(duì)）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 11 用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型 1）It is the first / second time. that結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例如： It is the first time that I have visited the city. 這是我第一次訪(fǎng)問(wèn)這城市。 This is the first time （that） I

33、ve heard him sing.這是我第一次聽(tīng)他唱歌。 注意：It was the third time that the boy had been late. 2）This is +形容詞最高級(jí)+that結(jié)構(gòu)，that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例如： This is the best film that Ive （ever） seen. 這是我看過(guò)的最好的電影。 典型例題 （1） -Do you know our town at all? -No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am comin

34、g 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加從句應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選B。 （2） -Have you _ been to our town before? -No, its the first time I _ here. A. even, come B. even, have comeC. ever, come D. ever, have come 答案D. ever意為曾經(jīng)或無(wú)論何時(shí)，反意詞為never，此兩詞常用于完成時(shí)。 注意：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。即動(dòng)作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。 （錯(cuò)）I have received his le

35、tter for a month. （對(duì)）I havent received his letter for almost a month. 12 比較since和for Since 用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間，for用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度。例如： I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在這兒二十多年了。 I have lived here since I was born. 我從出生起就住在這兒了。 注意：并非有for 作為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 I worked here for more than twenty years. （我

36、現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。） I have worked here for many years.（現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。） 注意：用句型轉(zhuǎn)換的方法，很容易排除非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞在有for/since結(jié)構(gòu)的完成時(shí)中的誤用。 1）（對(duì)） Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now. 2）（錯(cuò)） Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married s

37、ix years ago, and is still getting married now. 顯然，第二句不對(duì)，它應(yīng)改為 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years. 13 since的四種用法 1） since +過(guò)去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)（如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點(diǎn)、1980, last month, half past six）。例如： I have been here since 1989. 1989起，我一直在這兒。 2） since +一段時(shí)間+ ago。例如： I have been her

38、e since five months ago. 我在這兒，已經(jīng)有五個(gè)月了。 3） since +從句。例如： Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后，變化可大了。 Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我們走后，變化可大了。 4） It is +一段時(shí)間+ since從句。例如： It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. 我考上研究生有兩年了。 14 延續(xù)動(dòng)詞與瞬間動(dòng)詞 1） 用于完成時(shí)的區(qū)別 延續(xù)動(dòng)

39、詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷； 瞬間動(dòng)詞表示行為的結(jié)果，不能與表示段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例如： He has completed the work.他已完成了那項(xiàng)工作。 （表結(jié)果） Ive known him since then. 我從那時(shí)起就認(rèn)識(shí)他了。（表經(jīng)歷） 2） 用于till / until從句的差異 延續(xù)動(dòng)詞用于肯定句，表示做直到 瞬間動(dòng)詞用于否定句，表示到，才。例如： He didnt come back until ten oclock. 他到10 點(diǎn)才回來(lái)。 He slept until ten oclock. 他一直睡到10點(diǎn)。 典型例題 1. You dont need to descr

40、ibe her. I _ her several times. A. had metB. have met C. metD. meet 答案B. 首先本題后句強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，我知道她的模樣，你不用描述。再次，several times告知為反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，因此用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 2. -Im sorry to keep you waiting. -Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. wasD. will be 答案A. 等待的動(dòng)作由過(guò)去開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 11.15 過(guò)去

41、完成時(shí) 1） 概念：表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去 其構(gòu)成是had +過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。 2） 用法 a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。例如： She said （that）she had never been to Paris. 她告訴我她曾去過(guò)巴黎。 b. 狀語(yǔ)從句 在過(guò)去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在先，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；發(fā)生在后，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如： When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到達(dá)時(shí)，小偷們?cè)缇团芰恕?c. 表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope, wish, expect, thi

42、nk, intend, mean, suppose等，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示原本，未能。例如： We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt. 那時(shí)我們希望你能來(lái)，但是你沒(méi)有來(lái)。 3）過(guò)去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如： He said that he had learned some English before. 他說(shuō)過(guò)他以前學(xué)過(guò)一些英語(yǔ)。 By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a livin

43、g by himself. 到了十二歲那年，愛(ài)迪生開(kāi)始自己謀生。 Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 湯姆失望了，因?yàn)樗竭_(dá)晚會(huì)時(shí)，大部分客人已經(jīng)走了。 典型例題 The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office. A. had written, leftB，were writing, has left C. had written, had leftD. we

44、re writing, had left 答案D. 把書(shū)忘在辦公室發(fā)生在去取書(shū)這一過(guò)去的動(dòng)作之前，因此忘了書(shū)這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去的過(guò)去，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。句中when表示的是時(shí)間的一點(diǎn)，表示在同學(xué)們正忙于這一背景下，when所引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生。因此前一句應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。 注意：had hardly when還沒(méi)等 就。例如： I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我剛打開(kāi)門(mén)，他就打了我。 had no soonerthan 剛 就。例如： He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他剛買(mǎi)了這

45、輛車(chē)，轉(zhuǎn)眼又賣(mài)了。 將來(lái)完成時(shí) 1） 構(gòu)成will have done 2） 概念 a. 狀態(tài)完成：表示某事繼續(xù)到將來(lái)某一時(shí)為止一直有的狀態(tài)。例如： They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那時(shí)他們結(jié)婚將有二十年了。 b. 動(dòng)作完成：表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)或另一個(gè)將來(lái)的動(dòng)作之前，已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或獲得的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。例如： You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此時(shí)，你已經(jīng)到達(dá)上海了。 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法： a. 表示現(xiàn)在（指說(shuō)話(huà)人說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)）正在發(fā)生的事情。例如：

46、We are waiting for you. 我們正在等你。 b. 習(xí)慣進(jìn)行：表示長(zhǎng)期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作，說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。例如： Mr. Green is writing another novel.他在寫(xiě)另一部小說(shuō)。（說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)并未在寫(xiě)，只處于寫(xiě)作的狀態(tài)。） c. 表示漸變，這樣的動(dòng)詞有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如： The leaves are turning red. 葉子在變紅。 Its getting warmer and warmer. 天越來(lái)越熱了。 d. 與always, constantly, forever 等

47、詞連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說(shuō)話(huà)人的主觀色彩。例如： You are always changing your mind. 你老是改變主意。 典型例題 My dictionary _, I have looked for it everywhere but still_ it. A. has lost, dont find B. is missing, dont findC. has lost, havent found D. is missing, havent found. 答案D. 前句是一個(gè)仍在持續(xù)的狀態(tài)，應(yīng)用進(jìn)行時(shí)，由于沒(méi)有找到，其影響仍然存在，應(yīng)用完成時(shí)，瞬

48、間動(dòng)詞用于否定式時(shí)可用于完成時(shí)。 不用進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞 1）表示事實(shí)狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如：I have two brothers. 我有兩兄弟。 This house belongs to my sister. 這房子是我姐的。 2）表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, w

49、ant, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如：I need your help. 我需要你的幫助。 He loves her very much. 他愛(ài)她很深。 3）瞬間動(dòng)詞，如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如： I accept your advice. 我接受你的勸告。 4）系動(dòng)詞，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等

50、。例如： You seem a little tired. 你看上去有點(diǎn)累。 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) 1）概念：表示過(guò)去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作。 2）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景；一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作延續(xù)的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。 3） 常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如： My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟騎車(chē)時(shí)摔了下來(lái)

51、，受了傷。 It was raining when they left the station. 他們離開(kāi)車(chē)站時(shí)，正下著雨。 When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.我到達(dá)山頂時(shí)，陽(yáng)光燦爛。 典型例題 1） Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes 答案C. 割傷手指是已發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)。同時(shí)，when表時(shí)間的同時(shí)性，瑪麗在做衣服時(shí)提供事情發(fā)生的背景，因此用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。 2） As sh

52、e _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A. read；was fallingB. was reading； fellC. was reading； was fallingD. read；fell 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意為當(dāng)之時(shí)。描述一件事發(fā)生的背景時(shí)，用過(guò)去進(jìn)行；一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。句意為 在她看報(bào)紙時(shí)，奶奶睡著了。句中的 fell（fall的過(guò)去時(shí)），是系動(dòng)詞，后跟形容詞，如：fall sick。 將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí) 1） 概念：表示將來(lái)某時(shí)進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作，或按預(yù)測(cè)將來(lái)會(huì)發(fā)生的事情。例如： Shell be comi

53、ng soon. 她會(huì)很快來(lái)的。 Ill be meeting him sometime in the future. 將來(lái)我一定去見(jiàn)他。 注意：將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)不用于表示意志，不能說(shuō) Ill be having a talk with her. 2）常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有soon, tomorrow, this evening，on Sunday, by this time，tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening等。例如：By this time tomorrow, Ill be lying on the beach. 明天此時(shí)，我正躺在海灘上呢。 11.22 一

54、般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí) When, while, before, after, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case （that）, unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，條件句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。例如： He is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 他一到北京，就去看他姨媽。 典型例題

55、 （1）He said he_me a present unless I_ in doing the experiment. A. had not given; had not succeededB. would not give; succeeded C. will not give; succeed D. would not give; will succeed. 答案B. 在時(shí)間，條件或讓步主語(yǔ)從句中一般不用將來(lái)時(shí)。本題有He said，故為過(guò)去式。主句用將來(lái)時(shí)，故選B. 此處用一般過(guò)去式代替了過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。 （2） 表示現(xiàn)在已安排好的未來(lái)事項(xiàng)，行程等活動(dòng)。例如： The museum o

56、pens at ten tomorrow.博物館明天10點(diǎn)開(kāi)門(mén)。（實(shí)際上每天如此。） 時(shí)態(tài) 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) every, sometimes,at, on Sunday等 一般過(guò)去時(shí) yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now等 一般將來(lái)時(shí) next, tomorrow, in+一段時(shí)間, before+時(shí)間點(diǎn)等 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, alway

57、s, recently等 過(guò)去完成時(shí) before, by+過(guò)去的時(shí)間, until, when, after, once等 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening when, while等 將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí) soon, tomorrow, this evening, on Sunday, by this time, tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening 12. 動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài) 語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出

58、者時(shí)為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的接受者時(shí)為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 注意：1）感官動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是不帶to 的不定式，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，該不定式前要加to。例如： The teacher made me go out of the classroom. 老師逼我走出教室。 - I was made to go out of the classroom （by the teacher）. We saw him play football on the playground. 我們看見(jiàn)他在草場(chǎng)踢球。 - He was seen to play football on the playground. 2）情態(tài)

59、動(dòng)詞+ be +過(guò)去分詞，構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如： Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry. 煤可以產(chǎn)生工農(nóng)業(yè)需要的電。 12.1 let 的用法 1）當(dāng)let后只有一個(gè)單音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，可用不帶to 的不定式。例如： They let the strange go.他們放陌生人走了。 - The strange was let go. 2）當(dāng)let 后賓補(bǔ)較長(zhǎng)時(shí)，let 通常不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，而用allow或permit 代替。例如： The nurse let me go to see my

60、classmate in the hospital. 那護(hù)士讓我去探望住院的同學(xué)。 - I was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital. 12.2 短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一個(gè)整體，不可丟掉后面的介詞或副詞。例如： My sister will be taken care of by Grandma. 我妹妹由奶奶照顧。 Such a thing has never been heard of before. 這樣的事聞所未聞。 12.3 表示據(jù)說(shuō)或相信 的詞組，基本上由believe, consider, de