1、動詞語態(tài)民族中學 黃丹一、動詞語態(tài)的種類：動詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。(1)主動語態(tài)：表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。(2)被動語態(tài)：表示主語是動作的承受者。二、謂語構成：1）、基本結構：Be + 過去分詞2）、各種時態(tài)的主、被動語態(tài)結構對比： （以實義動詞 ask為例 ） 1、一般現(xiàn)在時： 主動語態(tài) ask / asks 被動語態(tài) is / am /are + asked 2、一般過去時： 主動語態(tài) asked 被動語態(tài) was /were +asked主動語態(tài) is / am / are + asking 被動語態(tài) is / am / are being + asked 3、現(xiàn)在進行時：

2、4、過去進行時： 主動語態(tài) was/were +asking 被動語態(tài) was/were being+asked 5、現(xiàn)在完成時： 主動語態(tài) have/has +asked 被動語態(tài) have/has been +asked 6、過去完成時： 主動語態(tài) 被動語態(tài) had +askedhad been +asked 7、一般將來時 主動語態(tài) shall/ will +ask be going to +ask 被動語態(tài) shall/will be +askedBe going to be +asked8、過去將來時 ： 主動語態(tài) 被動語態(tài) 1. should/would +ask2. was/we

3、re going to +ask 1. should /would be +asked2. was /were going to be +asked 9、含情態(tài)動詞的 ： 主動語態(tài) 被動語態(tài) can/may/must-+ask can /may /must-be +asked 三、被動語態(tài)用法 ：1、 強調動作的承受者。如： The house was built by the workers last year. The window was broken by Tom yesterday.2、 不必說出動作的執(zhí)行者。如： English is spoken in China. This w

4、atch is made in Shanghai. 3、要表達“被”、 “受”、 “遭”等之類的語義時。如： The old people should be respected. The child is well loved by people.四、把主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的方法： 1、把主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語 。2、把主動語態(tài)中的謂語動詞改為與之時態(tài)相應的被動結構形式，且與主語保持人稱和數的一致。 3、 把主動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語。 實例： Many people speak English. English is spoken by many people.練習：1、T

5、he farmers cut down many trees every year. 2、We planted a lot of trees last year.3、Lin Tao is learning English now.4、He has finished his homework 5、The monkey can carry the box .Many trees are cut down by the farmers every year.A lot of trees were planted ( by us ) last year.English is being learned

6、 by Lin Tao now.His homework has been finished ( by him).The box can be carried by the monkey.五、幾種重要的被動語態(tài)的變化 ：1、帶復合賓語的被動語態(tài) 1）在主動語態(tài)中，make, let, see, hear, watch, notice 等詞其后跟不帶to 的動詞不定式作賓補，但在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，必須還原為帶to 的動詞不定式。 例如：1.The boss made the workers work all day.The workers were made to work all day ( b

7、y the boss ).2. We often hear him sing the English song in the next room . He is often heard to sing the English song in the next room ( by us ).2)在主動語態(tài)中,在 ask, tell, invite, advise, encourage等動詞后作賓補的不定式； see, hear, watch 等動詞后作賓補的現(xiàn)在分詞； keep (find -) sb./sth.后作賓補的現(xiàn)在分詞 / 形容詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時原賓補的位置和形式不變。 例如： I s

8、aw them playing football. They were seen playing football. We keep our classroom clean everyday. Our classroom is kept clean everyday.He asked me to go with him.I was asked (by him) to go with him.2、帶雙賓語的動詞變?yōu)楸粍咏Y構: 動詞give , teach ,buy , send , lend ,pass 等后接雙賓語，在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，有兩種情況：1）、用直接賓語作被動語態(tài)的主語時，間接賓語前加

9、to/for. 2)、用間接賓語作被動語態(tài)的主語時，直接賓語前不加to/for . 例如：She passed me a book.A book was passed to me (by her).I was passed a book (by her).My mother bought me a bike.A bike was bought (by my mother) for me.I was bought a bike (by my mother).3、含有動詞短語的被動語態(tài) ：在主動語態(tài)中，如果含有固定搭配的動詞短語，在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，不能將短語中的介詞或副詞省略。 例如：Ling F

10、eng looks after the baby well.The baby is looked after well ( by Ling Feng ).They sent for the doctor at once.The doctor was sent for at once.( ) 1. The Peoples Republic of China _ on October 1, 1949. A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found( ) 2. English _ in Canada. A. speaks B. are spok

11、en C. is speaking D. is spoken( ) 3. This English song_ by the girls after class. A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung( ) 4. This kind of car _ in Japan. A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made( ) 5. New computers _ all over the world. A. is used B. are using C. are used D

12、. have used 習題1BDDDC習題2( ) 1. Our room must _ clean. A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep( ) 2. -Id like to buy that coat.-Im sorry. _. A. it sold B. its selling C. Its been sold D. it had been sold ( ) 3. A new house _ at the corner of the road. A. is building B. is being built C. been built

13、 D. be building( ) 4. The key _ on the table when you leave. A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left( ) 5. Doctors _ in every part of the world. A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need( ) 6. His new book_ next month. A. will be published B. is publishing C. is being publish

14、ed D. has been published BCBBCA習題3( ) 1. Japanese _ in every country. A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking( ) 2. These papers _ yet. A. have not written B. have not been written C. has not written D. has not been written( )3.The sports meeting _be held until next week. A.

15、 didnt B. wont C. isnt D. doesnt ABB習題4( ) 1. -My shoes are worn out. A. Cant they be mended? B. Let me have a look at it. C. How much do they cost? D. Cant they mended?( ) 2. _ the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it. A. Does B. Has C. Is D . Are( ) 3. _ these desks be needed? A. Will B. Are C

16、. Has D. Do ABA習題5( ) 1. Why _ to talk about it yesterday? A. didnt a meeting hold B. wasnt a meeting held C. wasnt held a meeting D. a meeting wasnt held( ) 2. Who was the book_? A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by( ) 3. Where _ these boxes made? A. was B. were C. is D. am BDB習題6( ) 1. The f

17、lowers _ often. A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water( ) 2. The books may_ for two weeks. A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow( ) 3. The broken bike_ here by Mr Smith. A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mended BAD習題7( ) 1. Jane _ to sing us an Ameri

18、can song last Saturday. A. called B. was asked C. told D. was said( ) 2. The papers _ to them. A. were shown B. show C. shown D. have shown( ) 3. The coat _ her sister. A. made to B. were made for C. was made for D. was made to BAC習題8( ) 1. The teacher made him_ his homework. A. to do B. do C. did D. done( ) 2. The boy _streets without pay in the old days. A. was made to clean B. made clean C. made to clean D. was made clean( ) 3. These ch