1、現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)V-ingGrammar and usage現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)V-ingGrammarandusage Learning aims(學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)):1.Grasp the definition(定義) of V-ing2.Grasp the tenses(時(shí)態(tài)) and voices(語(yǔ)態(tài)) of V-ing3.Grasp the function(功能) of V-ing.現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)V-ingGrammarandusage請(qǐng)說(shuō)明劃線部分的句子成分I lost my umbrella.She does her homework every day.She plays the violin

2、carefully.The boy is very naughty.We made him cry.This is a fantastic book.I have two foreign friends, a Canadian and an American. Dont step on the grass.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)定語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)V-ingGrammarandusage千萬(wàn)要注意V-ing形式的規(guī)則喲！不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化，可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。還有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)V-ingGrammarandusage 語(yǔ)態(tài)類(lèi)別 時(shí) 態(tài) vt.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)

3、語(yǔ)態(tài)ing 一般式(與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生)完成式(先與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生)時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)doingbeing donehaving donehaving been done現(xiàn)在分詞的否定式： not doing現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)V-ingGrammarandusage解題步驟：1.判斷是否為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 2 .與邏輯主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系 3 .與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的先后關(guān)系現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)V-ingGrammarandusage1、 動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ) (表一般性的，泛指的，抽象的,時(shí)間概念不強(qiáng)的動(dòng)作)眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)，耳聽(tīng)為虛。Seeing is believing。說(shuō)比做容易多了。Saying is easier than doing.玩電腦

4、游戲是沒(méi)有好處的。Playing computer games is no good.= Its no good playing computer games.一、 V-ing作主語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)V-ingGrammarandusage2，It 做形式主語(yǔ)的句型，某些句型中用V-ing做邏輯主語(yǔ) 。It is no use doing 做沒(méi)用It is no good doing 做沒(méi)好處It is useless doing 做.沒(méi)有用There is no point (in) doing 做沒(méi)有意義不要做無(wú)意的后悔。It is no use crying over spilt milk.抽

5、煙是沒(méi)有好處的。It is no good smoking.說(shuō)再多也是沒(méi)有用的。It is useless talking too much.跟他爭(zhēng)辯是沒(méi)有意義的。There is no point in arguing with him.現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)V-ingGrammarandusage 1. 他是一個(gè)攻擊型的運(yùn)動(dòng)員。 He is an _ (attack) player. 2. 他提了一個(gè)令人難堪的問(wèn)題。He asked an _ (embarrass) question. 3.正在學(xué)走路的小孩常常跌跤。 A little child _ (learn) to walk often fa

6、lls. =A little child who is learning to walk often falls.注意：當(dāng)-ing形式做后置定語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以相當(dāng)于相應(yīng)的定語(yǔ)從句。 二、 V-ing作定語(yǔ) 如果是單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞的-ing形式做定語(yǔ)，常放在被修飾詞前做前置定語(yǔ)；如果是動(dòng)詞的-ing形式的短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)，常放在被修飾詞后做后置定語(yǔ)。attackingembarrassinglearning現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)V-ingGrammarandusage轉(zhuǎn)換成定語(yǔ)從句：The people sitting behind us are teachers.= The expert coming from Hong

7、kong is a lady called Ms Cai. =The people who are sitting behind us are teachers.The expert who comes from Hongkong is a lady called Ms Cai.現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)V-ingGrammarandusage1) 說(shuō)明被修飾詞的性質(zhì)，特征或用途。他們將手術(shù)臺(tái)架設(shè)在一座小廟里。They set up an _(operate) table in a small temple. 他說(shuō)不定在閱覽室里。 He may be in the _(read) room，for all

8、I know.女士們先生們，請(qǐng)去會(huì)議室等待。Ladies and gentlemen，please go and wait in the _(meet) room.operatingreadingmeeting現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)V-ingGrammarandusage2) 與被修飾詞為主動(dòng)關(guān)系且表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.1.有大約二百個(gè)孩子在這所藝術(shù)學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。There were about 200 children_ (study) in the art school. 2.正在和我們英語(yǔ)老師談話的那位婦女是誰(shuí)？ Who is the woman _ (talk) to ourEnglish teach

9、er？talkingstudying現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)V-ingGrammarandusage3) 有些-ing形式已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)化成形容詞，常做定語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾物，表示“令人”。常用的此類(lèi)詞有：exciting，amusing，amazing，astonishing，shocking，puzzling，confusing，disappointing，discouraging，pleasing，striking，boring，tiring，touching，moving，interesting，satisfying，terrifying，frightening等。如：1.那準(zhǔn)時(shí)一段可怕的經(jīng)歷。That must

10、 have been a _ (terrify) experience.2.那項(xiàng)試驗(yàn)是一個(gè)驚人的成功。The experiment was an _(amaze) success. 3.這本書(shū)缺了一頁(yè)。There is a page _ (miss) from this book.terrifyingamazingmissing現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)V-ingGrammarandusage注意：除了-ing形式能做定語(yǔ)外，如果-ing形式表正在與被修飾詞又是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，就用它的被動(dòng)式，即being done。如：1.正在被建的高樓是我們的新學(xué)校。 The tall building_ (build) no

11、w is our new school. 2.正在被討論的問(wèn)題是被校長(zhǎng)提出的。The question _ (discus) was presented by the headmaster.being builtbeing discussed現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)V-ingGrammarandusage1.The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _(remain) 20 dollars .2.The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _ (cover) the d

12、esert. 3.I was told that there were about 50 foreign students _ (study) Chinese in the school，most _ were from Germany.4.I was told that there were about 50 foreign students _ (study) Chinese in the school，and most _(they) were from Germany. 5.The question _ (discuss) at present has something import

13、ant to do with our daily life.6.China is a_(develop) country _(belong) to the third world.remainingcoveringstudyingof whomstudyingof thembeing discusseddevelopingbelonging現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)V-ingGrammarandusage 1.Your journey in Kenya is really _ (excite). 2.What you did was _ (disappoint). 3.The nightmare I had

14、 last night was very_ (frighten). 現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)通常表示主語(yǔ)的屬性和特征,相當(dāng)于形容詞,其主語(yǔ)通常是物.三、 V-ing作表語(yǔ)disappointingexcitingfrightening現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)V-ingGrammarandusage1）作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ) She denied _(make) a mistake. He imagined _ (lead) a happy life.2) 作介詞賓語(yǔ) He left without _ (say) good-bye to us. Is there any hope of _(catch) the early

15、bus?四、 V-ing作賓語(yǔ)makingleadingsayingcatching現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)V-ingGrammarandusage1.只接v-ing作賓語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞avoid, miss, put off;避免錯(cuò)過(guò)(少)延期; advise, finish, practise;建議完成多練習(xí);enjoy, imagine, cant help;喜歡想象禁不住admit, deny, envy;承認(rèn)否認(rèn)與妒忌;escape, risk, excuse;逃避冒險(xiǎn)(莫)原諒; stand, keep, mind.忍受保持(不)介意.現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)V-ingGrammarandusage2. 只接

16、v-ing作賓語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)insist on, object to, be good at, lead to, put off, give up, feel like, look forward to, devote to, be worth, get used to, pay attention to3. 動(dòng)詞forget, go on, mean, regret, remember, stop, try, be used to, cant help后跟動(dòng)名詞和跟不定式區(qū)別較大，須注意。 forget, regret, remember后跟動(dòng)名詞，動(dòng)名詞表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；后跟不定式表示

17、將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)V-ingGrammarandusage1) remember to do 記住要做某事 remember doing 記得過(guò)去做過(guò)某事我記得在街上見(jiàn)過(guò)他。 I remember _ (meet) him in the street. 我想起來(lái)要給我父母親寫(xiě)信。I remember _ (write) a letter to my parents.2)forget to do 忘記去做某事 forget doing 忘記做過(guò)某事我忘了去為她寄那封信了.I forgot _ (mail) the letter for her.我忘記了寫(xiě)過(guò)那篇作文.I forgot _

18、 (write) that composition.meetingto writeto mailwriting現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)V-ingGrammarandusage3) stop doing 停止 做某事 stop to do 停下正在做的事而去做另外一件事請(qǐng)不要抽煙Stop smoking, please. 咱們停下來(lái)休息一下吧。Lets stop to have a rest. 4) mean to do 打算做某事 mean doing 意味著I meant_ ( catch) up with the early bus.This means _ (waste) a lot of mone

19、y.我打算趕上早班車(chē).這意味著花很多錢(qián).to catchwasting現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)V-ingGrammarandusage5) try to do 設(shè)法盡力做某事 try doing 試著做某事You should try to overcome your shortcomings.你設(shè)法盡力克服你的缺點(diǎn).Try working out the physics problem in another way.試著用另一種方法去計(jì)算這物理難題.6)regret to do 對(duì)要做的事表示抱歉或遺憾 regret doing 對(duì)已做過(guò)的事表示后悔我后悔花了那么多錢(qián).我很遺憾地吿訴你,你高考失敗了.I

20、 regret spending so much money.I regret to tell you have failed the college entrance exam.現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)V-ingGrammarandusage Wedontallow_(walk)onthegrass.Wedontallowpeople_ (walk) onthegrass.Peoplearenotallowed_ (walk) onthegrass.4. allow, advise, forbid, permit + doing allow, advise, forbid, permit +sb. +t

21、o do eg. 我們不允許在這抽煙。 We dont allow smoking here. 我們不允許學(xué)生抽煙。 We dont allow students to smoke.walkingto walkto walk現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)V-ingGrammarandusage五、 V-ing作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的兩類(lèi)接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞：感官動(dòng)詞：see,hear ,watch,find,feel,smell, observe ,notice,look at,listen to 使役動(dòng)詞：have,keep, catch,leave 我剛剛聽(tīng)見(jiàn)那個(gè)女孩正在教室唱歌.I heard the gir

22、l singing in the classroom. 洗手的時(shí)候不要讓水一直流.Dont keep the water running while washing your hands.現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)V-ingGrammarandusage特殊的兩個(gè)區(qū)別：1).現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)與不定式做賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別。 doing：動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行+主動(dòng) to do： 動(dòng)作的 。 試比較： 1. I heard her singing a song just now. 2. I heard her sing a song just now.=She was heard to sing a song just now.

23、動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行+主動(dòng)(聽(tīng)見(jiàn)全過(guò)程)全過(guò)程現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)V-ingGrammarandusage2). 現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式與過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別。 being done： 正在進(jìn)行+被動(dòng) done： 動(dòng)作已完成+被動(dòng) 試比較： 1. I saw him being taken away. 我看到他正被人帶走。 2. I saw him taken away. 我看到他被帶走了。(正在進(jìn)行+被動(dòng))(完成+被動(dòng))現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)V-ingGrammarandusage六、 V-ing作狀語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞-ing形式可以作狀語(yǔ)，在句中表示時(shí)間,原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式或伴隨情況等,相當(dāng)于相對(duì)應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句。 動(dòng)詞-

24、ing形式作時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步狀語(yǔ)時(shí)多位于句首；作結(jié)果、伴隨情況狀語(yǔ)時(shí)常位于句末。現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)V-ingGrammarandusage1 表示時(shí)間，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。（有時(shí)可在動(dòng)詞-ing前加一個(gè)表時(shí)間的連詞，如when, while等） After we have made full preparations, we are ready for the examination. = we are ready for the examination. , (一聽(tīng)到消息)they jumped with great joy. After he had finished his home

25、work, Henry went home. = , Henry went home. Having made full preparations, Hearing the news Having finished his homework現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)V-ingGrammarandusage2 表示原因，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。 Being ill, he didnt go to school yesterday. 由于生病，他昨天沒(méi)有上學(xué)。(= Since he was ill.) , he couldnt afford a TV set.( =As he was poor, he coul

26、dnt afford a TV set.) we couldnt get in touch with him. (= Because we didnt know his phone number, we couldnt get in touch with him.)Being poorNot knowing his phone number, 現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)V-ingGrammarandusage3 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列謂語(yǔ)。 他父親死了，留給他許多錢(qián). His father died, European football is played in 80 countries, (= Euro

27、pean football is played in 80 countries; as a result, it becomes the most popular sport in the world.) leaving him a lot of money. making it the most popular sport in the world .現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)V-ingGrammarandusage4 表示條件，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。 If you work hard at your lessons， you will succeed. = If you use your head,

28、youll find a good way. = If you drive too fast, youll damage the car. = Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed. Using your head, youll find a good way. Driving too fast, youll damage the car. 現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)V-ingGrammarandusage5 表示讓步，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。 =Although he was toiling all the year round, the poor

29、peasant couldnt afford to send his children to school. 這位貧苦的農(nóng)民，盡管終年勞累，還是無(wú)力送孩子上學(xué)。 =Though it weighed almost one hundred jin, the box was lifted by him with one hand.Although toiling all the year round Weighing almost one hundred jin 現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)V-ingGrammarandusage6 表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu)。他躺在草地上，長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地望著

30、天空。He lay on the grass, and stared at the sky for a long time他走出去，砰地一聲把門(mén)帶上。He went out, slamming the door. = He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.= He went out, and he slammed the door.現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)V-ingGrammarandusage1. Sixty million people _ (live) in rural areas are moving to the citi

31、es every year.2. I often see my teacher _(run) on the playground.3. Our trip was _ (disappoint). We did not find any unusual plants.PracticelivingrunFill in the blanks with the verb given in its proper form.disappointing現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)V-ingGrammarandusage4. I saw them _(force) the door open with a hammer. 5.

32、 They asked me (thank) your mother.6. The news was _(shock). All the three boats had sunk in the storm.forcingto thankshocking現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)V-ingGrammarandusage4.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)1). 作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 (常同連詞when, whenever, while, once, until等連用)Hearing the bad news, they couldnt help crying. =When they heard the bad new

33、s, they couldnt help crying. Having received his letter, I decided to write back. =After I had received his letter, I decided to write back.現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)V-ingGrammarandusage2).作原因狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于原因狀語(yǔ)從句。Being a student, I must work hard.Being so angry, he couldnt go to sleep.=Because he was so angry, he couldnt go to

34、 sleep.=Because I am a student, I must work hard.=Because he didnt know what to do next, he turned to the teacher for help.Not knowing what to do next, he turned to the teacher for help.現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)V-ingGrammarandusage3. 作條件狀語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于條件狀語(yǔ)從句Working hard, you will succeed. Putting more salt into the soup, you w

35、ill find it more delicious.=If you put more salt into the soup, you will find it more delicious.=If you work hard, you will succeed.現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)V-ingGrammarandusage 4. 作伴隨狀語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于并列句They came into the classroom, singing and laughing. 5. 作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)His father died, leaving him lots of money.=They sang and laughed;

36、 they came into the classroom.現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)V-ingGrammarandusage注意: V-ing有其完成式_, 表示分 詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生于主句動(dòng)作之_。 V-ing形式的否定not要置于V-ing之_。分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)同主句的主 語(yǔ)_且有邏輯_關(guān)系，往往可轉(zhuǎn)換 為相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句。having done前前一致 主動(dòng)現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)V-ingGrammarandusage1. a. Hearing the news, tears ran down her face. b. Hearing the news, she cried out sadly.2. a. En

37、tering the classroom, I found nobody in it. b. Entering the classroom, nobody was found in it.Choose the correct sentence.現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)V-ingGrammarandusage3. a. Looking out through the window, the garden was beautiful. b. Looking out through the window, we saw a beautiful garden.4. a. Reading the evening n

38、ewspaper, a dog started barking. b. I was reading the evening newspaper when a dog started barking.現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)V-ingGrammarandusage考點(diǎn)解析：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是高考的一個(gè)熱點(diǎn),V-ing ?？嫉男问接幸韵聨c(diǎn)：一 、時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)（完成時(shí)態(tài)的主動(dòng)、被動(dòng)形式）二、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)（自然而然的結(jié)果），時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)三、被動(dòng)形式作定語(yǔ)；被動(dòng)形式跟在介詞后作賓語(yǔ)四、否定時(shí)not的位置五、在問(wèn)句中作主語(yǔ)進(jìn)行回答現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)V-ingGrammarandusage考點(diǎn)：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。解析：該空，分詞短語(yǔ)作時(shí)間狀

39、語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)Dina與struggle為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故排除B項(xiàng)。由劇中的finally可知非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句中謂語(yǔ)took a position之前，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成主動(dòng)式。（10湖南）26. Dina, for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency. A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D. to struggle 現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)V-ingGrammarandusage(08陜西卷)1

40、4. _ around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Birds Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.Having shown B. To be shown C. Having been shown D. To show答案：C。我們是被帶領(lǐng)參觀的因此是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。先參觀水立方后去看鳥(niǎo)巢所以時(shí)態(tài)是完成時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)V-ingGrammarandusage句意：南方下了大雨，在幾個(gè)省區(qū)造成嚴(yán)重洪災(zāi)。解析：空格后serious flooding是rained heavily的后果，而且句子主語(yǔ)it和cause

41、之間存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以此處要用動(dòng)詞的ing形式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。答案：C. （10天津）12. It rained heavily in the south，serious flooding in several provinces. A. caused B. having caused C. causing D. to cause 現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)V-ingGrammarandusage考點(diǎn)：考查現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做伴隨狀語(yǔ)及動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式。解析：句中l(wèi)isten和try not to miss為同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式做伴隨狀語(yǔ)。又動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式要在其前加not.故選B。（10四川）1

42、7The lawyer listened with full attention，_ to miss any point Anot trying Btrying not Cto try not Dnot to try現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)V-ingGrammarandusage答案：選A. enabling 表示他在捐獻(xiàn)后的（自然）結(jié)果（10江蘇）28. The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu ,_the students to return to their classrooms. A. enabling B. having enabled C. to enable D. to have enabled現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)V-ingGrammarandusageTh