1、軟膜天花不合格偽劣產(chǎn)品的識(shí)別方法：現(xiàn)在市場(chǎng)上有一部分利益熏心的小企業(yè)小作坊用不合格的產(chǎn)品以低價(jià)格當(dāng)誘餌引誘客戶(hù)上當(dāng)受騙冒充合格的產(chǎn)品，有下列所述特征之一的為不合格產(chǎn)品或偽劣產(chǎn)品：1.無(wú)國(guó)家防火建筑材料質(zhì)量檢驗(yàn)監(jiān)督中心出具的b級(jí)防火檢測(cè)報(bào)告(近期的)或檢測(cè)報(bào)告沒(méi)有在國(guó)家防火建材網(wǎng)上公布的。2.膜材料用火燃燒沒(méi)有在2-3秒內(nèi)停止燃燒并發(fā)出很刺鼻的味道。3.手摸稍微有黏著感和靜電感或較硬較軟，此材料易吸灰塵，膜材料兩月內(nèi)就會(huì)變色,在夏季容易下垂冬季容易收縮,穩(wěn)定性較差使用壽命短。4.用力撕扯膜材時(shí)很容易把膜材撕斷,在有框架的膜樣上用拇指用力壓下膜材不能在4-10秒中緩慢恢復(fù)原狀或迅速恢復(fù)后留有擠壓痕

2、跡.5.把膜材樣品放在鼻下嗅時(shí)稍微會(huì)有一種刺鼻的原油味道,含有易揮發(fā)的有害重金屬物質(zhì);6.配套鋁合金結(jié)構(gòu)比較細(xì)小或鋁料手摸易脫色，折彎時(shí)表面有裂紋出現(xiàn)。7.考察工廠(chǎng)時(shí)場(chǎng)地較小作坊式生產(chǎn)或在居民樓內(nèi)辦公,只有3-5個(gè)人各種角色都扮演,安裝后后期維護(hù)沒(méi)有保障.8.洽談時(shí)業(yè)務(wù)員老和您講他是某知名公司的親戚或原來(lái)在某公司工作過(guò)，產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和某知名公司的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量一樣等說(shuō)詞。Methods of identifying disqualified and shoddy decorative film products:nowadays, some profit-pursuing small enterpris

3、es and workshops sell disqualified products as qualified ones at low price to lure the customers. Disqualified and shoddy decorative film products have one of the following characteristics: 1. There is no Class-B fireproof test report (recent) issued by the National Fireproof Construction Materials

4、Quality Supervision and Test Center or the test report is not announced on National Fireproof Construction Materials Network. 2. If the film material is burned, it does not stop burning in 2-3 seconds and there is very pungent smell. 3. Film materials are adhesive, electrostatic, too hard or too sof

5、t and easy to absorb dust. They discolor within two months, sag in summer and shrink in winter, with low stability and short life. 4. They are easily torn. If you press the film material with framework with your thumb, the material cannot recover in 4-10 seconds or it recovers quickly with traces of

6、 pressing. 5. Samples of film materials have pungent smell of crude oil and harmful volatile heavy metals. 6. Supporting aluminum alloy structure is thin or aluminum material fades easily with hand touch. There are cracks when it is bent. 7. The factory is small and is located in residential buildin

7、gs with only 3-5 workers. Maintenance after installation cannot be guaranteed. 8. While negotiating, the salesman keeps saying that he is a relative of a well-known companys official, or that he used to work in a famous company, or that quality of his products is the same as that of a well-known com

8、pany, etc.朋友們不要貪圖價(jià)格便宜買(mǎi)不合格的偽劣產(chǎn)品。后果是致命的，可能讓您的企業(yè)收到一時(shí)的高利潤(rùn)，但是您要考慮您要為業(yè)主的財(cái)產(chǎn)、人員生命安全負(fù)責(zé)??！Customers should not yield to temptation of low price and buy disqualified and shoddy products. Manufactures may temporarily gain high profits from disqualified and shoddy products, but the result can be deadly. They shou

9、ld be responsible for safety of customers and their property.假冒偽劣防火建材產(chǎn)品對(duì)建筑物火災(zāi)安全性的影響Influences of Fake and Shoddy Fireproof Construction Materials on Fire Safety of Buildings 防火建筑材料包含部分消防產(chǎn)品和消防相關(guān)產(chǎn)品，是除消防車(chē)和其他滅火報(bào)警系統(tǒng)外的一大類(lèi)，在建筑中使用廣泛，型式多樣。防火建筑材料屬于公共安全類(lèi)產(chǎn)品，產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量與經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)和人民生命財(cái)產(chǎn)安全息息相關(guān)。假冒偽劣防火建筑材料一旦投入使用，將對(duì)社會(huì)公共安全環(huán)境構(gòu)成長(zhǎng)期

10、危害。以下分別TodayHot從室內(nèi)裝飾裝修用防火建筑材料、保溫隔熱材料、幾個(gè)方面進(jìn)行分析，通過(guò)分析典型的火災(zāi)事故，來(lái)談假冒偽劣的防火建筑材料在建筑中使用后對(duì)建筑的火災(zāi)安全性帶來(lái)的威脅。Fireproof construction materials, whichinclude partial fire protectionproducts and fire-related products, arean important category different from fire engines and other fire alarm systems. They cover a wide

11、range of diverse types and are widely adopted in construction. Fireproof construction materials are public safety products, and their quality is closely related to economic construction andsecurity of peoples lives and property. Once the fake and shoddy fireproof construction materials are adopted,

12、they will pose long-term harmto social public safety.Analyses willbe done from aspects of fireproof construction materials for interior decoration and heat insulation materials.Through analyses of typical fire accidents, threats of fake and shoddy fireproof construction materials on fire safety of b

13、uildings will be illustrated. 1、室內(nèi)裝飾裝修用防火建筑材料 1. Fireproof construction materials for interior decoration 室內(nèi)裝飾裝修用防火建筑材料涉及的范圍很廣，從地板、地毯，到窗簾、墻紙墻布，到家具、木板，再到天花板、龍骨、吸音材料等等。從所有建筑物火災(zāi)的情況來(lái)看，室內(nèi)裝修材料一般并不是火災(zāi)中的主要可燃物，也不是首先被點(diǎn)燃的物品，但裝修材料在火勢(shì)蔓延，助燃方面起到了非常重要的作用。Fireproof construction materials forinterior decoration cover

14、 a wide range from floor, carpet, curtain, wallpaper, to furniture, wood board, ceiling, keel, sound-absorbing materials and so on. In fires of buildings, interior decoration materials are neither the main combustible nor the first item that is ignited. However, the decoration materials play a very

15、important role in fire spreading and combustion supporting. 這類(lèi)材料的特點(diǎn)就是在建筑中使用量大，并且大多為高分子材料或含有高分子材料，一旦沒(méi)有進(jìn)行阻燃處理，這類(lèi)材料就很容易在燃燒過(guò)程中散發(fā)出大量有毒的煙氣，很大程度上降低了火場(chǎng)的能見(jiàn)度，妨礙了人們逃生，煙氣中含有的CO、鹵酸氣體、氰化物等，能夠迅速致人于死地，造成大的人員傷亡。另外，由于使用量大，這些材料著火后，能夠迅速燃燒，并能夠短期內(nèi)在一個(gè)封閉的空HotTag間里形成轟燃，隨后引燃相鄰的房間、頂棚、走廊等，迅速擴(kuò)大火災(zāi)規(guī)模。 Such materials are used in l

16、arge number in construction, and most of them are or contain polymermaterials.If no flameretardant treatment is carried out, these materials will give out a great amount of poisonous smoke in the combustion process, which to a large extent reduces the visibility at the scene of fire and prevents peo

17、ple from escaping.Carbon monoxide, hydracid gases and cyanide contained in the smoke can be deadly and result in great casualties. In addition,because such materials are used in large number,they can burn quickly and form a flashover in a closed space in a short period. Then the adjacent rooms, roof

18、s, corridors will be ignited and the scale of fire will be rapidly expanded.2005年6月10日，廣東省汕頭市潮南區(qū)華南賓館發(fā)生了一場(chǎng)特大火災(zāi)，共造成31人死亡，3人重傷。事后經(jīng)過(guò)分析得知，導(dǎo)致此次特大火災(zāi)的一個(gè)很重要的因素就是，此賓館在裝修中大量使用易燃材料。木板天花板、塑料墻板，還有床墊，這些都是易燃材料，燃燒起來(lái)煙非常大，因此，火災(zāi)發(fā)生半小時(shí)后，濃煙在蔓延了整個(gè)樓層之后，又吞噬了三樓和四樓。當(dāng)消防隊(duì)員沖到賓館里面的時(shí)候，除了濃煙，什么也看不清。事后發(fā)現(xiàn)，分別有人在被窩里和在衛(wèi)生間中被濃煙活活熏死，冒著生命危險(xiǎn)救人

19、的也有20多名消防官兵、公安干警先后被濃煙嗆昏，有4名消防隊(duì)員被送往醫(yī)院治療。濃烈的毒煙，是造成31人死亡的主要原因。On June 10, 2005, a fire broke out at South China Hotel in Chaonan District, Shantou City, GuangdongProvince, with a total of 31 people killed and three seriously wounded. It is shown in subsequent analyses that a very important causeof the

20、catastrophic fire is the large-scale usage of inflammable decorative materials. The inflammable materials includewood ceiling, plasticwallboard as well as mattresses, which give out a large amount of smoke once ignited. Half an hour later, smoke spread through the entire floor and then the third flo

21、or and fourth floor. When firefighters rushed to the hotel, they could not see anything clearly because of the heavy smoke. Later it is found thatsome people are stifled by the smoke under the quilts or in the bathroom.More than twenty firefighters and police officers are faint with the heavy smokea

22、s well. Four firefighters were sent to hospital for treatment. The heavy toxic smoke is the major cause for death of 31 people.2005年12月25日，廣東省中山市坦洲鎮(zhèn)檀島西餐廳發(fā)生火災(zāi)，造成26人死亡，11人受傷。據(jù)了解，該西餐廳經(jīng)營(yíng)者缺乏消防安全意識(shí)，無(wú)證經(jīng)營(yíng)，餐廳面積本來(lái)不大，經(jīng)營(yíng)者竟又加建了夾層，導(dǎo)致現(xiàn)場(chǎng)十分擁擠，火災(zāi)發(fā)生后無(wú)處逃生，導(dǎo)致傷亡慘重。此外，該酒吧沒(méi)有窗戶(hù)，只有兩個(gè)門(mén)，可兩個(gè)門(mén)都不是開(kāi)向疏散方向，且其中一個(gè)門(mén)當(dāng)時(shí)已經(jīng)壞了。另外失火酒吧的一樓和夾層之

23、間只有一個(gè)狹窄的樓梯，而火災(zāi)發(fā)生源正好堵住了樓梯，導(dǎo)致在夾層的人無(wú)法逃生。據(jù)了解，這次特大火災(zāi)事故的釀成，與該酒吧的裝修材料不合格也有很大關(guān)系。該酒吧使用了大量易燃材料裝修，且坐墊、墻上吸音棉等都使用海綿，著火之后，這些裝修材料散發(fā)出大量的一氧化碳等有毒有害氣體，極易導(dǎo)致人員窒息和死亡。On December25,2005, a fire broke out atTandao Western Restaurant in TanzhouTown, Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province, with 26 people killed and 11 people inj

24、ured. It is reported that the restaurant operatorlacks fire safety awareness and operates without the license. Whats worse, the operator adds a mezzanine to the smallrestaurant. As a result, when the fire broke out, the restaurant was too crowded to escape, which resulted in heavy casualties. In add

25、ition, the bar has no window and only two doors. However, the two doors did not open to the evacuation direction, and one of the doors was broken when the fire broke out. Besides, there was only anarrow staircase between the first floor and the mezzanine, and the source of the fire blocked the stair

26、case. Therefore, people in the mezzanine cannot escape. It is also reported that usage ofdisqualifieddecorative materials contributes a lot to the fire. The bar adopts large quantities of inflammable decorative materials, and sponges are adopted for cushion and sound-absorbing cotton on the wall. Af

27、terthe decorative materials catch fire, they give out a large amount of poisonous and harmful gases such as carbon monoxide, which can easily lead to suffocation and death of personnel. 從以上可以看出，不合格的室內(nèi)裝飾裝修用防火建筑材料能夠給建筑帶來(lái)極大的火災(zāi)危險(xiǎn)性，血的事實(shí)也不斷給我們敲響警鐘，因此在滿(mǎn)足裝修美觀(guān)的同時(shí)，還必須嚴(yán)格注重裝修材料的防火性能，堅(jiān)決杜絕假冒偽劣裝修防火建筑材料在建筑中使用。It is

28、 seen from the above that disqualified fireproof construction materials for interior decorationcan pose great danger of fire. The serious accidents arewarnings to us.Therefore, while pursuing beauty of decoration, we must be pay attention to fire protection performance of the decorative materials an

29、d resolutely put an end to usage of fake and shoddy fireproof construction materials in construction.2、保溫隔熱材料2. Heat insulation materials 保溫隔熱材料通常是一種輕質(zhì)、疏松、多孔、導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)小的材料，由于其特有的保溫、隔熱、隔聲性能，而被廣泛應(yīng)用于工業(yè)、國(guó)防、汽車(chē)和建筑業(yè)等。Heat insulation materialsare generallylight, loose and porous, with low thermal conductivity.Be

30、cause of their unique performances ofheat preservation, heat insulation and sound insulation, they are widely used in industry, national defense, automobile and construction industry. 保溫隔熱材料主要分為有機(jī)保溫隔熱材料和無(wú)機(jī)保溫隔熱材料，其中有機(jī)保溫隔熱材料大都比較容易燃燒，例如聚氨酯、聚苯乙烯等發(fā)泡材料，一旦遇到明火很容易被引燃。另外，由于保溫材料具有多孔結(jié)構(gòu)，孔隙的容積又很大，里面充滿(mǎn)大量的空氣，加之管道、

31、裝置中輸送、儲(chǔ)存的介質(zhì)的溫度有時(shí)較高，而保溫材料的導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)一般都很小，熱量不容易散出去，從而使得溫度逐漸升高，當(dāng)保溫材料中的某一局部被點(diǎn)燃后，就會(huì)迅速蔓延燃燒起來(lái)，并通過(guò)連續(xù)的保溫材料迅速向其他區(qū)域、其他樓層蔓延，形成大火。Heat insulation materialsare divided into organic and inorganic heat insulation materials.Organicheat insulation materialsare easier to burn. For instance,foam materials such as polyuretha

32、ne and polystyrene can be easily ignited. In addition, heat insulation materials have a porous structure, and thepores have great volume and are filled with a lot of air. Media transmitted and stored in the devices can be at high temperature and thermal conductivity of heat insulation materials is g

33、enerally low, so the heat cannot be easily discharged and the temperature increases gradually.Whenpart of the heat insulation materials was ignited, fire will spread rapidly through the heat insulation materials to other parts, and other floors, forming great fire.如韓國(guó)漢城“天然閣”飯店的火災(zāi)，從二層一直燒到頂層（二十一層），死傷2

34、24人，其中一條經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)是，大火沿通風(fēng)空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的管道迅速蔓延。又如，美國(guó)佐治亞州亞特蘭大文考夫飯店的火災(zāi)，起火地點(diǎn)在三樓走道，建筑內(nèi)的可燃裝修物等幾乎全部燒毀，死傷220多人，最主要的教訓(xùn)也是通風(fēng)空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的豎向管道助長(zhǎng)了火勢(shì)的蔓延。我國(guó)杭州市一賓館由于電焊時(shí)燒著了風(fēng)管的可燃保溫材料引起火災(zāi)，火勢(shì)沿著風(fēng)管和豎向孔洞蔓延，從一層一直燒到頂層，大火延燒了八九個(gè)小時(shí)，造成重大經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。2009年的正月十五元宵節(jié)晚8時(shí)27分中央電視臺(tái)北配樓外墻體保溫材料防火標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不符合建筑防火標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，因違規(guī)燃放煙花把頂部防水材料點(diǎn)燃，然后火焰蔓延到樓體外部把保溫材料引燃，迅速?gòu)捻攲勇拥揭粚?，大火延燒了七個(gè)多小時(shí)，給國(guó)家造

35、成經(jīng)濟(jì)損失達(dá)十幾億人民幣。由此可見(jiàn)，外墻體保溫材料、通風(fēng)、空調(diào)系統(tǒng)風(fēng)道是高層建筑發(fā)生火災(zāi)時(shí)使火災(zāi)蔓延的主要途徑之一。For instance, the fire at “Tianrange” Hotel in Seoul, Korea spread from the second floor to the top floor (the 21st floor), resulting in 224 people dead and injured.Oneimportant factor of the fire is that it spread rapidly along pipeline of t

36、he ventilation and air conditioning system. Another case in point is the fire atRuckauf Brunei Hotel in Georgia, Atlanta, the United States.The fire broke out at corridor of the third floor. Almost all combustible decorativematerials are burned and more than 220 people are killed or injured.The most

37、 important reason is that vertical pipes ofthe ventilation and air conditioning systems contribute to rapid spread of the fire. In a hotel in Hangzhou, China, a fire was caused during welding when combustible heat insulation materials of air ducts caught fire.The fire spread along the duct and verti

38、cal holes, from the first floor to the top floor, lasting 8-9 hours and resulting in serious economic loss. At 20:27 on Lantern Festival of the year 2009,a fire broke out in CCTV Northern Building. Burning fireworks ignited waterproof materials on the top and the fire spread to substandard heat-insu

39、lation materials, from the top floor to the first floor, lasting over 7 hours and causing economic losses of over a billion yuan. It is shown that insulation materials of the outside wall, ducts of ventilation and air conditioning systems is one of the main ways of fire spreading in high-rise buildings. 所以，嚴(yán)格按照國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及有關(guān)規(guī)定，選用合格的保溫隔熱材料，對(duì)于有效地防止大的群死群傷的火災(zāi)，具有非常重大的意義。Therefore, adoption of qualified heat insulation materials in strict accordance with the national standards and relevant regulations is of vital significance for effective prevention of fire accidents with heavy casualties. 因此，對(duì)各種高層建