1、 闡述expound(explain),state河道rivercourse引入introduceinto河床riverbed(channel)相應(yīng)的corresponding沖溝gully,gulley,erosiongully,stream(brook)概念conception河漫灘floodplain(valleyflat)概論overview階地terrace概率probability沖積平原alluvialplain概念化conceptualize三角洲delta宏觀的macroscopic古河道fossilrivercourse,fossilstreamchannel補充compl

2、ement沖積扇alluvialfan規(guī)劃plan洪積扇diluvialfan證明demonstrate,certify,attest坡積裙talusapron證實confirmation分水嶺divide補償compensate,makeup,imburse盆地basin算法algorithm巖溶地貌karstlandfeature,karstlandform判別式discriminant溶洞solutioncave,karstcave有限元方法finiteelementmethod(FEM)落水洞sinkhole樣本單元法sampleelementmethod(SEM)土洞Karstice

3、arthcave赤平投影法stereographicprojectionmethod(SPM)赤平投影stereographicprojection2地層巖性干擾位移法interferencedisplacementmethod(IDM)地層geostrome(stratum,strata)干擾能量法interferenceenergymethod(IEM)巖性lithologiccharacter,rockproperty條分法methodofslices巖體rockmass極限平衡法limitequilibriummethodi-JU|=r巖層bedstratum界面元法boundarye

4、lementmethodi-JU|=r巖層layer,rockstratum模擬simulate母巖matrix,parentrock計算程序computerprogram相變facieschange數(shù)值分析numericalanalysis硬質(zhì)巖strongrock,film計算工作量calculationload軟質(zhì)巖weakrock解的唯一性uniquenessofsolution硬質(zhì)的competent多層結(jié)構(gòu)模型laminatedmodel軟質(zhì)的incompetent非線性nonlinear甘4基巖bedrock橫觀各向同性lateralisotropy巖組petrofabric各向

5、同性isotropy覆蓋層overburden各向異性anisotropy交錯層理crossbedding非均質(zhì)性heterogeneity層面beddingplane邊界條件boundarycondition片理schistosity本構(gòu)方程constitutiveequation層理bedding初始條件initialcondition板理（葉理）foliation初始狀態(tài)restcondition波痕ripple-mark巖土工程geotechnicalengineering,泥痕mudcrack土木工程civilengineering雨痕raindropimprints基礎(chǔ)工程foun

6、dationengineering造巖礦物rock-formingminerals最不利滑面themostdangerousslipsurface粘土礦物claymineral交替alternate高嶺土kaolinite控制論cybernetics蒙脫石montmorillonite大量現(xiàn)場調(diào)查massfieldsurveys伊利石illite組合式combinedtype云母mica相互作用interaction白云母muscovite穩(wěn)定性評價stabilityevaluation黑云母biotite均質(zhì)性homogeneity石英quartz介質(zhì)medium長石feldspar層lay

7、er,stratum正長石orthoclase組構(gòu)fabric斜長石plagioclase輝石pyroxene,picrite1地形地貌geographicandgeomorphic角閃石hornblende工程地質(zhì)條件engineeringgeologicalconditions方解石calcite地形地貌條件geographicandgeomorphicconditions構(gòu)造structure地形landform結(jié)構(gòu)texture地貌geomorphology,relief組構(gòu)fabric(tissue)微地貌microrelief礦物組成mineralcomposition地貌單元la

8、ndformunit,geomorphicunit結(jié)晶質(zhì)crystalline坡度grade非晶質(zhì)amorphous地形圖reliefmap產(chǎn)狀attitude河谷rivervalley火成巖igneous巖漿巖magmaticrock粗粒coarsegrain火山巖（熔巖）lava中粒medium-grained火山volcano沉積物sediment(deposit)侵入巖intrusive(invade)rock漂石、頑石boulder噴出巖effusiverock卵石cobble深成巖plutonicrock礫石gravel淺成巖pypabysalrock砂sand酸性巖acidroc

9、k粉土silt中性巖inter-mediaterock粘土clay基性巖basicrock粘粒claygrain超基性巖ultrabasicrock砂質(zhì)粘土sandyclay3甘巖基rockbase(batholith)粘質(zhì)砂土clayeysand巖脈（墻）dike壤土、亞粘土loam巖株rockstock砂壤土、亞砂土輕亞粘土sandyloam巖流rockflow浮土、表土regolith(topsoil)巖蓋rocklaccolith(laccolite)黃土loess巖盆rocklopolith紅土laterite巖墻rockdike泥灰peat巖床rocksill軟泥ooze巖脈vei

10、ndyke淤泥mire,oozedmud,sludge,warpclay花崗巖granite沖積物（層）alluvion斑巖porphyry沖積的alluvial玢巖porphyrite洪積物（層）proluvium,diluvium,diluvion流紋巖rhyolite洪積的diluvial正長巖syenite坡積物（層）deluvium粗面巖trachyte殘積物（層）eluvium閃長巖diorite殘積的eluvial安山巖andesite風(fēng)積物（層）eoliandeposits輝長巖gabbro湖積物（層）lakedeposits玄武巖basalt海積物（層）marinedepos

11、its細(xì)晶巖aplite冰川沉積物(層)glacier(drift)deposits偉晶巖pegmatite崩積物（層）colluvialdeposits,colluvium煌斑巖lamprophyre殘積粘土residualclay輝綠巖diabase變質(zhì)巖metamorphicrock橄欖巖dunite板巖slate黑曜巖obsidian千枚巖phyllite浮巖pumice片巖schist火山角礫巖vulcanicbreccia片麻巖gneiss火山集塊巖volcanicagglomerate石英巖quartzite凝灰?guī)rtuff大理巖marble沉積巖sedimentaryrock糜棱

12、巖mylonite碎屑巖clasticrock混合巖migmatite粘土巖clayrock碎裂巖cataclasite粉砂質(zhì)粘土巖siltyclaystone化學(xué)巖chemicalrock3地質(zhì)構(gòu)造生物巖biolith地質(zhì)構(gòu)造geologicstructure礫巖conglomerate結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)造structuraltexture角礫巖breccia大地構(gòu)造geotectonic砂巖sandstone構(gòu)造運動tectogenesis石英砂巖quartzsandstone造山運動orogeny粉砂巖siltstone升降運動verticalmovement鈣質(zhì)粉砂巖calcareoussilts

13、tone水平運動horizontalmovement泥巖mudstone完整性perfection(integrity)頁巖shale起伏度waviness鹽巖saline尺寸效應(yīng)sizeeffect石灰?guī)rlimestone圍壓效應(yīng)confiningpressureeffect白云巖dolomite產(chǎn)狀要素elementsofattitude泥灰?guī)rmarl產(chǎn)狀attitude,orientation泥鈣巖argillo-calcareous走向strike泥砂巖argillo-arenaceous傾向dip砂質(zhì)arenaceous傾角dipangle,angleofdip泥質(zhì)argillace

14、ous褶皺fold硅質(zhì)的siliceous褶曲fold有機質(zhì)organicmatter單斜monocline向斜syncline破碎crumble背斜anticline共軛節(jié)理conjugatedjoint穹隆dome散狀loose擠壓squeeze透鏡狀的lens-shapeda.上盤uppersection巖石碎片crag下盤bottomwall,footwall,lowerwall巖屑cuttings,debris斷距separation薄膜membrane,film相交intersect層理stratification斷層fault高角度highdipangle正斷層normalfau

15、lt緩傾角lowdipangle逆斷層reversedfault反傾anti-dip平移斷層層理parallelfaultbedding,stratification互層interbedv.Interbeddingn.微層理lightstratification起伏的unplanar地塹graben波狀起伏的undulate,undulating地壘horst,faultridge粒徑particlesize斷層泥gouge,pug,selvage,faultgouge構(gòu)造層tectonosphere擦痕stria,striation擠壓compression斷裂fracture均一的homo

16、geneous破碎帶fracturezone剪切錯動面shearfaulted,beddingzone節(jié)理joint切割dissection節(jié)理組jointset切割的dissected裂隙fissure,crack致密close,compact微裂隙finefissure,microscopicfissure構(gòu)造巖tectonite劈理cleavage糜棱巖mylonite原生裂隙originaljoint斷層角礫巖faultbreccia次生裂隙epigeneticjoint方解石脈calcitevein張裂隙tensionjoint碎塊巖clasticrock剪裂隙shearjoint角

17、礫breccia卸荷裂隙reliefcrack巖粉rockpowder裂隙率fractureporosity巖屑debris,debry結(jié)構(gòu)類型structuralpattern固結(jié)consolidation巖體結(jié)構(gòu)rockmassstructure定向排列orientedspread巖塊blockmass構(gòu)造應(yīng)力tectonicstress結(jié)構(gòu)體塊度structuralelementblockness殘余應(yīng)力residualstress結(jié)構(gòu)面structuralplane4水文地質(zhì)條件hydrogeologicalconditions軟弱結(jié)構(gòu)面weakplane水文循環(huán)hydrologicc

18、ycle臨空面freeface大氣圈atmosphere碎裂結(jié)構(gòu)cataclastictexture水圈hydrosphere板狀結(jié)構(gòu)platystructure巖石圈geosphere薄板狀lamellose地表徑流surfacerunoff塊狀的lumpy,massive地下徑流subsurfacerunoff層狀的laminated流域valley,drainagebasin巨厚層giantthick-laminated流域面積drainagearea,riverbasinarea薄層狀的finelylaminated匯水面積catchmentarea軟弱夾層weakintercalat

19、edlayer地下水groundwater,subsurfacewater夾層interbedding,地表水surfacewaterintercalatedbed,interlayer,intermediatelayer大氣水a(chǎn)tmosphericwater夾泥層clayeyintercalation氣態(tài)水a(chǎn)queous(vapour)water夾泥inter-clay液態(tài)水liquidwater連通性connectivity固態(tài)水solidwater切層insequent上層滯水perchedwater影響帶affectingzone潛水phreaticwater完整性integrityn

20、.Integratev.&a.degreeofintegrality承壓水吸著水介質(zhì)confinedwaterhygroscopic(adsorptive)watermedium破碎crumble空隙void膠結(jié)cement孔隙水壓力porewaterpressure泥化argillization滲透壓力osmoticpressure,seepageforce尖滅taper-out揚壓力upliftpressure錯動diastrophism靜水壓力hydrostaticpressure錯動層面faultedbeddingplane外靜水壓力externalhydrostaticpressur

21、e斷續(xù)的intermittent動水壓力hydrodynamicpressure 10滲透力seepagepressure安全系數(shù)factorofsafety外水壓力externalwaterpressure埋深embedmentdepth內(nèi)水壓力internalwaterpressure試件coupons水力聯(lián)系hydraulicinterrelation撓度deflection水力折減系數(shù)hydraulicreductioncoefficient里氏震級Richterscale水頭損失waterheadloss設(shè)計烈度designintensity滲透途徑filtrationpath,se

22、epagepath基本烈度basicintensity滲透系數(shù)penetrationcoefficient場地烈度siteintensity潛水位watertablelevel地震烈度seismicintensity,intensityscale水位waterlevel,stagelevel卓越周期predominantperiod水頭waterhead持力層sustainedyield含水層aquifer超載surcharge弱含水層（弱透水層）aquitard圍巖壓力surroundingrockstress滯水層aquiclude附加壓力superimposedstress透水層perm

23、eablelayer,perviouslayer應(yīng)力松弛stressrelaxation不透水層(隔水層)aquifuge,imperviouslayer,應(yīng)力路逕stresspathimpermeablelayer,aquiclude卸荷unload潛水含水層phreaticaquifer滲透率specificpermeability承壓含水層confinedaquifer,artesianaquifer飽和度degreeofsaturation承壓面bearingsurface含水量moisturecontent潛水面phreaticsurface,watertable平均粒徑meandi

24、ameter浸潤線phreaticcurve顆粒grain,granule,particle不透水邊界imperviousboundary顆粒級配distributionofgrain-size,地下分水嶺groundwaterridgegraincomposition,sizedistribution粘滯性viscosity級配graduation,富水性abundancegrain-sizedistribution,gradation,grading透水性（滲透性）permeability粒度coarsenessgrainsize,granularity淋濾（溶濾作用）lixiviatio

25、n,leaching不均勻系數(shù)coefficientofnon-uniformity,反濾層invertedgravelfiltervariationcoefficient,variationfactor水銹incrustation顆粒分級gradation,sizegrading滲滴seep孔隙水porewater飽和saturation,saturated孔隙比voidratio(ration)潛水位變化帶zoneofvariablephreaticlevel空隙率airvoids氣象因素meteorologicalfactor孔隙率porosity飽水帶zoneofsaturation裂

26、隙率crackity包氣帶aerationzone,zoneofaeration溶隙率karstity包氣帶水a(chǎn)erationzonewater密度density上層滯水perchedwater重度unitweight,bulkweight孔隙水porewater浮重度buoyantunitweight裂隙水fissurewater折減系數(shù)reductionfactor巖溶水karsticwater壓力消散dissipationofpressure結(jié)合水boundwater,combinedwater抗力系數(shù)coefficientofresistance吸著水hydroscopicwater軟

27、化系數(shù)softeningcoefficient薄膜水pellicularwater含水量watercontent毛細(xì)水capillarywater稠度consistency重力水gravitationalwater塑限plasticlimit凝結(jié)水condensationwater液限liquidlimit地下水埋藏條件conditionofgroundwateroccurrence塑性指數(shù)plasticityindex地下水埋藏深度depthofgroundwateroccurrence液性指數(shù)liquidityindex壓水試驗packerpermeabilitytest流變rheolog

28、ical抽水試驗pumpingtest蠕變creep塑性plastic5物理力學(xué)性質(zhì)脆性brittleness(fragility)物理力學(xué)physicalmechanicsn.粘性sticknessPhysico-mechanicala.剛性rigidity屈服準(zhǔn)則yieldcriteria彈性的elastic米賽斯屈服準(zhǔn)則VonMisesyieldcriteria粘彈性viso-elasticity朗肯土壓力理論Rankingsearthpressuretheory彈塑性elasto-plasticity劍橋模型Cambridgemodel,Cam-model壓縮性compressibil

29、ity鄧肯-張模型Duncan-changmodel均質(zhì)性homogeneity本構(gòu)方程constitutiveequation非均質(zhì)性nonhomogeneity(heterogeneity)局部剪切破壞localshearfailure各向同性isotropy整體剪切破壞generalshearfailure各向異性anisotropy巖體完整性指數(shù)intactnessindexofrockmass總應(yīng)力totalstress,lumpeffectivestressexcessporepressureporewaterpressurecompressivestrengthtensilest

30、rengthshearstrengthpeaksharestrengthlong-termshearstrengthresidualshearstrengthnegativeskinfriction,dragdownangleoffrictionangleofinternalfrictionangleofexternalfrictioncohesioncohesionpseudo-cohesionadhesionMohrscircleenvelopeangleofrepose,壓縮比壓縮系數(shù)壓縮指數(shù)初始曲線正常固結(jié)土欠固結(jié)土超固結(jié)土被動土壓力主動土壓力靜止土壓力覆蓋壓力初始應(yīng)力地應(yīng)力場有效應(yīng)力

31、動應(yīng)力動荷載偏心荷載循環(huán)荷載地應(yīng)力初始應(yīng)力應(yīng)力場縱波液化勢液化指數(shù)交角6工程地質(zhì)問題相對位移沉陷山崩崩塌滑坡、地滑切層滑坡深層滑坡淺層滑坡順層滑坡滑動面engineeringgeologyinvestigationgeotechnicalinvestigationengineeringgeologicalconditionengineeringgeologicalevaluationsurveycorerecovery,coreextractionprocedureinvestigationalstagereconnaissanceprimarydesignpreliminaryschemep

32、reliminaryprospectinggroundreconnaissancefeasibilitystagepreliminarystageconstructionsagereconnaissance,inspectiongeologicalsurveyengineeringgeologicalmappingboreholeoperation,boringgeophysicalexplorationexploratoryaditsrodsounding有效應(yīng)力超孔隙水壓力孔隙水壓力抗壓強度抗拉強度抗剪強度不排水抗剪強度undrainedshearstrenght峰值抗剪強度長期抗剪強度殘

33、余抗剪強度負(fù)摩擦力摩擦角內(nèi)摩擦角外摩擦角內(nèi)聚力粘聚力假凝聚力粘著力摩爾圓包絡(luò)線休止角angleoffriction(repose,rest),reposeangle峰值peak模量modulus彈性模量modulusofelasticity，Youngsmodulus,elasticmodulus壓縮模量modulusofcompressibility變形模量modulusofdeformation卸荷模量unloadingmodulus切線模量tangentmodulus剪切模量shearmodulus割線模量secantmodulus旁壓模量pressurmetermodulus泊松比po

34、issonsration固結(jié)consolidation固結(jié)系數(shù)coefficientofconsolidation固結(jié)度degreeofconsolidation超固結(jié)比overconsolidationration應(yīng)變straincompressibilityratiocoefficientofcompressibilitycompressionindexvirgincurvenormallyconsolidatedsoilunder-consolidatedsoilover-consolidatedsoilpassiveearthpressureactiveearthpressureear

35、thpressureatrestoverburdenpressureinitialstressground(geostatic)stressfieldeffectivestressdynamicstressdynamicloadeccentricloadsinclinedloadsgroundstress,geostaticstressinitialstressstressfieldlongitudinalwaveliquefactionpotentialliquefactionindexangular巖石抗力系數(shù)coefficientofrockresistance容許承載力allowabl

36、ebearingcapacity臨塑壓力criticalpressure接觸壓力contactpressure工程地質(zhì)問題engineeringgeologicalproblem定性評價qualitativeestimate定量評價quantitativeestimate極限平衡法limitequilibriummethod不良地質(zhì)現(xiàn)象unfavorablegeologicalcondition風(fēng)化weathering變形deformation位移displacement不均勻位移differentialmovementrelativedisplacementsettlementavalanc

37、he,topplingtoppling,topplingcollapsecreep,slideinsequentlandslidedeepslideshallowslideconsequentlandslideslidingsurface,slidingplane,slipsurface滑動帶slidingzone滑床slidebed滑坡體slide(sliding)mass古滑坡fossillandslide推移式滑坡slumpingslide牽引式滑坡retrogressiveslide管涌piping,internalerosion滲漏leakage流砂quicksand滲流seepag

38、e液化liquefaction7工程勘察engineeringinvestigation工程地質(zhì)勘察巖土工程勘察工程地質(zhì)條件工程地質(zhì)評價勘測巖芯采取率巖芯獲得率RQD（巖石質(zhì)量指標(biāo)）rockqualitydesignation程序（步驟）勘察階段選點踏勘初步設(shè)計初步規(guī)劃初步勘探初步踏勘可行性研究階段初步設(shè)計階段施工階段踏勘地質(zhì)測繪工程地質(zhì)測繪鉆探物探洞探釬探坑探exploringmining槽探trenching天然建材調(diào)查naturalmaterialssurveying(examination)巖土工程勘察報告geotechnicalinvestigationreport鑒定identif

39、ication,appraisal鑒定書expertisereport鑒定人identifier,surveyor校核verification總監(jiān)chiefinspector比例proportion地形圖geographicmap地貌圖geomorphologicalmap地質(zhì)圖geologicalmap工程地質(zhì)圖engineeringgeologicalmap實測地質(zhì)剖面圖field-acquiredgeologicalprofile(section)構(gòu)造地質(zhì)圖geologicalstructuremap第四紀(jì)地質(zhì)圖quarternarygeologicalmap地質(zhì)詳圖detailmapo

40、fgeology地質(zhì)柱狀圖geologiccolumnarsection,geologiclog鉆孔柱狀圖logsofborehole縱剖面圖longitudinalsection橫剖面圖crosssection展示圖revealdetailmap節(jié)理玫瑰圖roseofjoints甘5施甘處基巖等高線bedrockcontour層底等高線contourofstratumbottom巖層界線strataboundary巖面高程elevationofbedrocksurface坐標(biāo)coordinate分層bedseparation地質(zhì)點geologicalobservationpoint勘探點ex

41、ploratorypoint(spot)勘探線exploratoryline勘探孔explorationhole平洞adit豎井riser,shaft,verticalshaft探槽exploratorytrench探井exploratorypit鉆孔borehole,drillhole機鉆孔ordinarydrillhole套鉆孔sleevedrillhole管鉆孔pipedrillholeUU-H-巖芯core巖芯鉆探coredrilling回轉(zhuǎn)鉆探（進）rotarydrilling沖擊鉆探churndrilling,percussiondrilling鋼砂鉆探shotdrilling鐵砂

42、鉆進ironshotdrilling跟管鉆進follow-downdrilling振動鉆進vibro-boring,vibro-drilling泥漿鉆探mudflushdrilling金剛石鉆進diamonddrilling單動式singleacting雙層doublelayer空氣鉆探airflushdrilling鉆機drillingrig鉆頭drillbit,drillingbit螺旋鉆頭auger勺鉆spoonbit沖擊鉆頭percussionbit,choppingbit桶式鉆頭bucketauger鉆桿drillrod套管casinguu-H-Aa&巖芯管corebarrel沖洗掖

43、flushfluid正循環(huán)沖洗directcirculation反循環(huán)沖洗reversecirculation泥漿mud,slurry泥皮mudcake護壁dado止水seal,waterseal掃孔cleaningbottomofhole鉆進drilling平硐adit豎井shaft鉆探drillingboring8工程地質(zhì)試驗擊實試驗壓縮試驗固結(jié)試驗單軸試驗現(xiàn)場剪切試驗單剪試驗直剪試驗慢剪試驗單剪試驗快剪試驗三軸剪切試驗compactiontestcompressiontestconsolidationtestuniaxialcompressiontestin-situsheartests

44、implesheartestdirectsheartestslowtestsimplesheartestquicktesttriaxialsheartest三軸壓縮試驗triaxialcompressiontest動三軸試驗dynamictriaxialtest不固結(jié)不排水剪試驗unconsolidatedundrainedtest(quicktest)固結(jié)不排水剪試驗consolidatedundrainedtest(consolidatedquicktest)固結(jié)排水試驗consolidateddrainedtest(slowtest)原位測試in-situtest現(xiàn)場監(jiān)測on-site(

45、in-site)monitoring現(xiàn)場檢測on-site(in-site)inspection觀測孔observationborehole靜力觸探試驗conepenetrationtest,staticpenetrationtest,staticconetest標(biāo)貫試驗standardpenetrationtest十字板剪切試驗vanesheartest,vanetest檢層法up-holemethod,boreholemethod旁壓試驗pressuremetertest動力觸探試驗dynamicpenetrationtest,dynamicsounding點荷載試驗pointloadte

46、st巖石試驗rocktest應(yīng)力解除法stressreliefmethod應(yīng)力恢復(fù)法stressrecoverymethod套孔法over-coringmethod9巖土體加固掌子面breast,drivingface,headingface,tunnelface頂拱vault底拱invert洞室開挖excavation超挖overbreak風(fēng)鉆pneumaticdrill開挖斷面excavatedsection塌落slump細(xì)骨料混凝土concretemadewithfineaggregate細(xì)骨料fineaggregate,fineadjustment水灰比粉煤灰梅花狀噴射澆注鋼筋網(wǎng)加固錨

47、桿錨索錨緊端錨樁采石場開挖清基明挖爆破光面爆破預(yù)裂法10水工概論壩址壩踵壩段壩頂壩肩左壩肩副壩三壩址標(biāo)高上游水位正常庫水位地下洞室壓力隧洞無壓隧洞交通洞灌漿洞明流洞孔板洞排砂洞尾水洞排水洞導(dǎo)流洞隧道圍巖圍巖應(yīng)力應(yīng)力集中覆蓋層冒頂?shù)坠幕貜棊r爆凍結(jié)法超載襯砌圍堰堤近壩岸坡JiangyinBridgesuspensionbridgeanchorage料場stockground土料earthmaterial礦渣cinder,mineralwaterresidue,scoria,slag性能function,performance,property,nature凝結(jié)coagulate,congeal,c

48、ongealment,coagulation合格qualified,ontest,uptostandard初凝initialset初凝時間initialsettingtime終凝finalset配合比mixproportion塌落度slump水化熱heatofhydration,hydrationheat,settingheatwater-cementratioflyashquincuncialpatternshotcretepouringcoiremeshreinforceanchoredbar,rockboltanchoredcableanchorstationanchoredpegroc

49、kquarryexcavationcleanupfoundationopen-cutexplosionsmoothblastingpresplittingtoeofdamheelmonolithcrestshouldersleftdamabutmentsaddledamthethirddamsiteheightmarkheadwaternormalreservoirlevelundergroundopening(tunnel)pressuretunnelgravitytunnelaccesstunnelgroutingtunnelfree-flowtunnelorificetunnelsedi

50、menttunneltailracetunneldrainagetunneldiversiontunneltunnelsurroundingrock,ambientrocksecondarystressstaticstressconcentrateoverburdencavein,rooffallbottomheavereboundrockburstfreezingmethodoverbreakliningcofferdamdikeabutments施工(收縮)縫constructionjoint心墻core截水墻cutoffwall防滲墻diaphragmwall排水井drainagewel

51、ls排水幕drainagecurtain減壓井reliefwells反濾層filterzone灌漿材料grout水力劈裂hydraulicfracturing帷幔線curtainline上游圍堰upstreamcofferdam混凝土防滲墻concretecutoffwall截流interimcompletion導(dǎo)水墻channeltrainingwall正常溢洪道渠首工程servicespillwayheadwork消力塘linedplungepool隔墻dividerwalls混凝土護坦concreteapron副廠房auxiliarypowerhouse閘門室gatechamber中閘室

52、midgatechamber開關(guān)站switchyard電梯井elevatorshaft尾水渠tailrace非常溢洪道emergencyspillway11橋梁及基礎(chǔ)工程江陰大橋懸索橋錨碇重力式嵌巖錨gravitysocketedanchorage北錨碇前(后)錨面front(back)surfaceofnorthernanchorage塔墩tower墩pier散索鞍splaysaddle貓道footbridge主纜maincable索股cablestrand主鞍mainsaddle,towersaddle主跨mainspan邊跨sidespan引橋approach鋼箱梁steelboxmai

53、ngirder埋深embedmentdepth北塔墩基礎(chǔ)northtowerbase基礎(chǔ)foundation,footing淺基礎(chǔ)shallowfoundation深基礎(chǔ)deepfoundation聯(lián)合基礎(chǔ)combinedfooting筏形基礎(chǔ)raft(mat)foundation鋼模steelform樁pile基樁foundationpile群樁pilegroups樁基礎(chǔ)pilefoundation樁承臺pilecap高樁承臺high-risepilecap低樁承臺buriedpilecap摩擦樁frictionpile端承樁endbearingpile嵌巖樁socketedpile板樁sh

54、eetpile旋噴樁jet-groutedpile灌注樁cast-in-placepile沉管灌注樁drivencast-in-placepile支護樁soldierpiles,tangentpiles剛性樁rigidpile柔性樁flexiblepile側(cè)向受荷樁laterallyloadedpile軸向受荷樁axiallyloadedpile預(yù)制樁precastconcretepile振動打樁vibratorypiledriving振動鉆進vibratorydrilling沉箱caisson沉井（沉箱）(open)caisson地下連續(xù)墻diaphragmwall,slurrywall支撐

55、bracing超載surcharge接觸應(yīng)力contactpressure井點降水well-pointdewatering樁極限承載力ultimatebearingcapacityofpile承載力bearingcapacity阻力resistance樁端阻力endresistance表面摩擦力skinfriction粘著系數(shù)adhesionfactor負(fù)摩擦力negativeskinfriction安全系數(shù)factorofsafety壓縮層compressedlayer附加應(yīng)力additionalstress,superimposedstress持力層bearinglayer,sustain

56、inglayer地基土foundationsoil,subsoil臨塑壓力criticalpressure剪切破壞shearfailure地基失效foundationfailure沖剪破壞punchingfailure漸進破壞progressivefailure容許荷載allowableload極限承載力ultimatebearingcapacity沉降settlement沉降差differentialsettlement尾部傾斜angulardistortion傾斜tilting坑底隆起bottomheave靜止土壓力earthpressureatrest穩(wěn)定數(shù)stabilitynumber

57、路堤embankment地基處理groundtreatmentsoilimprovement墊層cushion加固stabilization注漿injection灌漿guniting帷幕curtain擋土墻retainingwall錨固anchoring噴漿guniting錨桿earthanchor盲溝Frenchdrain振沖法vibrojet12監(jiān)測儀器觀測孔儀器觀測讀數(shù)裝置傳感器探頭壓力盒振弦式應(yīng)變計伸長計、observationbore/holeinstrumentationreadoutdevicetransducerprobepressurecellvibratingwirestr

58、aingauge變位計extensionmeter板式沉降儀foundationbase/pate測斜儀inclinometer測壓計，滲壓計piezometer垂線plumb垂直度plumbness13安全監(jiān)控可靠性檢查reliabilitychecking監(jiān)控模型monitoringandpredictionmodel監(jiān)測monitoring資料datum,data可靠性reliability穩(wěn)定性stability安全safety評估evaluation,appraise評定assessment,assess,rate評價準(zhǔn)則criterion災(zāi)害hazard,calamity確定性方法

59、論Deterministicmethodology應(yīng)急行動計劃EAP(emergencyactionplan)事故accident緊急狀態(tài)emergency緊急檢查emergencyinspection災(zāi)情等級hazardclassification災(zāi)害評價hazardevaluation風(fēng)險評估riskassessment靜力(StaticAnalysis)動力(DynamicAnalysis)蠕變(CreepMaterialModel)滲流(Fluid-mechanicalInteraction)熱力學(xué)(ThermalOption)headwarderosion溯源侵蝕scouringof

60、leveeorbank淘刷stronglyweatheredsiliceousrockmasswithquasi-lamellarweaklyweatheredsiliceousrockmasswithquasi-lamellarofcontinuallyaftershocksof7or8-degreeintensityEvidently明顯的Correspondinglyadv.相應(yīng)地;相關(guān)地;相同地thehangingwalloftriggeringseismicfaultobliquebeddingbankslope專業(yè)外語（為方便記憶,跟上面稍有重復(fù)）一綜合類.geote