1、第 PAGE8 頁(yè) 共 NUMPAGES8 頁(yè)2023年最新的英語(yǔ)話語(yǔ)標(biāo)記語(yǔ)and的語(yǔ)用功能 and是英語(yǔ)中的常用詞，在語(yǔ)法中稱(chēng)作連接詞或并列連詞，通常連接兩個(gè)并列的語(yǔ)言單位，其漢語(yǔ)意思可譯為“和、與、及、同、并、兼”等。有時(shí)甚至不必直接譯出這些對(duì)應(yīng)的漢語(yǔ)詞。如： 1. I like English and mathematics. 我非常喜歡英語(yǔ)和數(shù)學(xué)。 2. Have you read the novel“War and Peace”？ 你看過(guò)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與和平這部小說(shuō)嗎？ 3. The concept of velocity includes the idea of direction and

2、magnitude.速度的概念包括方向及大小兩層意思。 4. The Peoples Republic of China and many countries in the world have already established diplomatic relations. 中華人民共和國(guó)已同世界上許多國(guó)家建立了外交關(guān)系。 5. Take your time, and read more correctly. 別急，并讀得更準(zhǔn)確些。 6. He is a stateman and poet. 他是位政治家兼詩(shī)人。 7. Promote physical culture and build

3、up the peoples health. 發(fā)展體育運(yùn)動(dòng)，增強(qiáng)人民體質(zhì)。 然而，有時(shí)and連接的并不是兩個(gè)意義上并列的語(yǔ)言單位，其翻譯方式是靈活而多變的。正因如此，它常未引起人們的注意，導(dǎo)致閱讀和翻譯上的錯(cuò)誤。其實(shí)，and有著很多細(xì)微的內(nèi)在意義，需要細(xì)心斟酌。本文著重將在句中的不同含義作一分析比較。 一. and在連接分句時(shí)的不同含義 1. 第二分句與第一分句形成對(duì)比，and（=but，in contrast）,可譯為“但，卻，而，反之”等，如： (1) Yale is clever and Kathy is dull. 耶爾聰明，而凱茜遲鈍。 (2) Bobby is secretive

4、and Mike is candid. 博比守口如瓶，而邁克卻爽快坦率。 (3) Vera is interested in music and Jay is fond of sports. 維拉對(duì)音樂(lè)感興趣，而杰伊愛(ài)好體育。 (4) He brought me sandwich, and I helped him do his English homework. 他給我拿三明治，而我?guī)退鲇⒄Z(yǔ)作業(yè)。 (5) My sister is eighteen and I am fifteen. 我姐姐十八歲，而我十五歲。 (6) Eat to live , and not live to eat.

5、吃飯是為了活著，但活著不是為了吃飯。 2. 第二句對(duì)第一句有驚奇之感，第一句則帶有讓步語(yǔ)氣，前后分句表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。這種修辭法為的是加強(qiáng)第二句的未預(yù)料性，and (=but, yet), 可譯為“但是，然而，反而，卻”等，如： (1) Jesse tried hard and he failed. 杰西很賣(mài)力，卻失敗了。 (2) There is a talk, and no action. 盡是空談，毫無(wú)行動(dòng)。 (3) She talked little, and did much. 她說(shuō)得少，但干得多。 (4) He is Jack of all trades, and master of

6、none. 他樣樣都會(huì)，但門(mén)門(mén)不精。 (5) She has misunderstood me, and I wish to do her justice. 盡管她誤解了我，但我還要公平對(duì)待她。 (6) He was trying to do a good deed, and this is what he got in return.他本來(lái)想做好事，卻得到這樣的回報(bào)。 3. 表示動(dòng)作的先后，第二分句是第一分句連續(xù)性行為動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，前后分句為遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。如表示同一個(gè)主語(yǔ)的先后動(dòng)作，第二分句可省略主語(yǔ)，and（=then），可譯為“后來(lái)，然后，接著，又”等，如： (1) His father lo

7、cked the door, and went to work. 他父親鎖上門(mén)就上班去了。 (2) The back door opened, and a detective came in. 后門(mén)開(kāi)了，然后一個(gè)偵探進(jìn)來(lái)。 (3) I told her what happened and left. 我告訴她發(fā)生什么事之后，就離開(kāi)了。 (4) Tina put her face close to mine and smiled. 蒂娜把臉往前湊了湊，接著笑了。 (5) Tony saw me and came and sat at the same table. 托尼見(jiàn)了我，就走過(guò)來(lái)和我坐到一

8、張桌子前。 4. 第二分句是第一分句的結(jié)果，前后分句具有因果關(guān)系，and(=so, therefore ,as a result),可譯為“因此，所以，于是，就，便”等，如： (1) He heard a cry for help, and he rushed out of the office . 他聽(tīng)到有人喊救命，就沖出了辦公室。 (2) Jack was ill and couldnt come to school this morning.杰克病了，所以今天早晨不能到校。 (3) The sun was shining , and clothes dried.太陽(yáng)照耀著，于是衣服就干了

9、。 (4) She missed the school bus and had to take a taxi.她把校車(chē)誤了，于是不得不打的。 (5) A visitor struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. 一位客人在擊琴鍵時(shí)用力過(guò)猛，損壞了兩根琴弦。 (6) I had too much for my lunch and was sick . 我因午飯吃得過(guò)多而感到不舒服。 5. 第一分句（祈使語(yǔ)氣）是第二分句（含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，或用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí)）的假定條件，前后分句表示條件和結(jié)果關(guān)系，and（=then

10、），可譯為“如果就會(huì)，那么，就”等，如： (1) Try again and you will succeed. 再試一次，你就會(huì)成功。 (2) Work hard and you will pass the exam. 努力學(xué)習(xí)，你就會(huì)通過(guò)考試。 (3) Give me one more hour and Ill be able to finish the test. 再給我一小時(shí)，我就能夠完成這個(gè)試驗(yàn)。 (4) Press the button and the door opens by itself. 按一下按鈕，門(mén)就會(huì)自動(dòng)打開(kāi)。 (5) One foot nearer, and you

11、 are a dead man. 再走近一步，我就要你的命。 (6) Speak the truth, and you need have no shame. 說(shuō)老實(shí)話，你就不必害羞。 (7) Do that again and Ill call a policeman! 如果你再那么干，我就會(huì)叫警察來(lái)。 6. 第二分句是對(duì)第一分句的評(píng)注，and可省譯，如： (1) Dick often helps me with my study, and thats very kind of him.迪克常幫助我學(xué)習(xí)，他很熱心。 (2) Ive had a bowl of rice, and Im ver

12、y hungry.我只吃了一碗米飯，現(xiàn)在還很餓。 (3) Shirley cant go with us ， and thats too bad .雪莉不能同我們一起去，太可惜了。 (4) They disliked Kim and thats not surprising.他們不喜歡基姆，那是毫不奇怪的。 (5) I have something important to do this afternoon, and you know it.今天下午我有重要事要做，你是知道的。 7. 第二分句與第一分句相似，純屬附加補(bǔ)充，前后分句表示并列關(guān)系，and(=similarly or also,

13、in addition),可譯為“同時(shí)，并且，而且，另外，也，又”等，如： (1) Mr. Brown is our English teacher, and an expert in translation.布朗先生是我們的英語(yǔ)教師，也是一位翻譯專(zhuān)家。 (2) Monkeys cant swim, and tigers cant climb trees.猴子不會(huì)游泳，老虎不會(huì)上樹(shù)。 (3) Lorna studies very hard, and she often gets up early for reading aloud.洛娜學(xué)習(xí)非常刻苦，她常早起朗讀課文。 (4) Every au

14、tumn the leaves fell from the trees, and some of the plants withered .每年秋天，樹(shù)葉落了，有些植物也枯萎了。 (5) Would you please lend me one of the new magazines and the latest one.你能幫我借一本新雜志嗎？要最新的雜志。 (6) Tony always borrows money from his friends and never pays it back.托尼總是向朋友借錢(qián)，并且從來(lái)不還。 8. 后一分句對(duì)前一分句起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用或加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，and(=a

15、lso),可譯為“而且”，如： (1) He did the work, and he did it well.他做了這件事，而且做得好。 (2) You must tell him and tell him at once.你一定要告訴他，而且要馬上告訴他。 (3) She speaks English, and speaks very fluently.她講英語(yǔ)，而且講得非常流利。 (4) In the world, the teachers and the teachers alone can teach us knowledge. 世界上，老師，只有老師，才能教我們知識(shí)。 二. and

16、 在連接兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞時(shí)的不同含義 1. 表示目的，and相當(dāng)于to的語(yǔ)法作用，但and要比to的語(yǔ)氣重，多用于祈使語(yǔ)氣中或動(dòng)詞原形后，帶有命令、建議、勸告等含義。在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，and前面常用的動(dòng)詞有come, go, learn , mind, remember, run, send, stay, stop, try ，write, be sure，take care等，如： (1) Go and help her. 去幫助她。 (2) Try and come early. 盡量早來(lái)。 (3) We must mind and arrive there by eight. 我們必須注意八點(diǎn)前到達(dá)

17、那里。 (4) Lets go and tell her the good news. 讓我們?nèi)ジ嬖V她這個(gè)好消息。 (5) Come upstairs and see it.到樓上來(lái)看看吧。 (6) Jim, come and have something to drink. 吉姆，來(lái)喝點(diǎn)什么。 2. 表示動(dòng)作的同時(shí)性，and (=while) , 如： (1) My nephew is studying and working abroad.我外甥在國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)同時(shí)也工作。 (2) They talked and laughed on their way to school.他們?cè)谏蠈W(xué)的路上又說(shuō)

18、又笑。 (3) Last night, the two brothers ate and drank wolfishly . 昨天夜里，這哥倆又大吃大喝。 (4) You should read the text slowly and clearly. 你應(yīng)當(dāng)將課文讀得又慢又清楚。 三. and 在連接兩個(gè)形容詞時(shí)，有時(shí)使形容詞帶有副詞性質(zhì)，如： 1. The wind is nice and cool.風(fēng)很涼爽。 2. The car is going nice and fast.這輛汽車(chē)跑得挺快。 3. Its nice and warm in th e room, while its g

19、ood and cold outside. 屋子里太熱，而屋外又太冷。 nice and =very good and =very, quite 4. She was fine and startled at the sight of it.她一見(jiàn)它，就大吃一驚。 fine and=extremely, finely 5. I shall be rare and busy now.我現(xiàn)在太忙了。 rare and=very, rarely 6. He will be fine and joyful. 他非常高興。 fine and=very, finely 四. and 在連接其他詞類(lèi)時(shí)的不同

20、含義 1. 在連接兩個(gè)名詞時(shí)，有時(shí)使后一名詞具有形容詞意義，如： a dance and delight (a delightful dance)愉快的舞會(huì) a meeting and success (a successful meeting)成功的會(huì)議 2. 連接數(shù)詞，and含義為相加，數(shù)字中常用and連接百位數(shù)和十位數(shù)，而千位數(shù)和百位數(shù)之間可視為and的省略，如： (1) Two and three make(s) five.二加三等于五 (2) two hundred and sixty-three二百六十三 (3) one thousand and one一千零一 (4) two t

21、housand seven hundred and thirty-one二千七百三十一 3. and用于重復(fù)詞之間，表示動(dòng)作的反復(fù)、連續(xù)和強(qiáng)調(diào)，如： (1) We waited and waited , but nothing happened.我們等了又等，可情況沒(méi)有變化。 (2) The situation became better and better .形勢(shì)越來(lái)越好。 (3) Ollie dived to the bottom of the lake again and again, looking for the lost mobile phone. 奧利一再潛到湖底尋找遺失的手機(jī)。 (4) There are painters and painters. 畫(huà)家不可一概而論（有好有壞）。 4. 用于不同字義中間構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)也表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，如： (1) He worked early and late to earn enough to live.他從早到晚干活才足以維持生活。