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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-北京科技大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小)題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題
Whenhetriedtomakea(),hefoundthatthehotelwascompletelyfilledbecauseofaconvention.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.reservation
B.claim
C.mess
D.revision
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)reservation“預(yù)約,保留”,B項(xiàng)claim“宣稱(chēng),要求”,C項(xiàng)mess“混亂”,D項(xiàng)revision“修正,復(fù)習(xí)”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞hotel(酒店)可知,空格部分表示“預(yù)約”,makeareservation固定搭配,表示“預(yù)定,預(yù)約”;句意:當(dāng)他試圖預(yù)訂房間時(shí),他發(fā)現(xiàn)由于一個(gè)會(huì)議的舉辦旅館已經(jīng)客滿(mǎn)了。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。
2.單選題
Today’sconsumerwantsuniqueandbeautifulhandcraftedobjectstowearandtohaveforhomeenvironment.Eachconsumerisanindividual.Heprefersobjectswhichareuniqueandhedemandsquality.Craftsmentodayaremeetingthisdemand.Peopleandhomesareshowinggreatchangeasaresultoftheuniquehandcrafteditemsavailable.
Craftsarebigbusiness.Nolongerdoesagoodcraftsmanhavetoworkinajobhedislikesalldayandthentrytocreateatnightandonweekends.Hehasearnedhisprofessionalstatus.Heisnowarespected,contributingmemberoftoday’ssociety.
Partofthefunofbeingacraftsmanismeetingothercraftsmen.Theyareinteresting.Excitingpeople,youngorold.Theylovetosharetheirideasandmaterialsandtohelpothersfindmarketsfortheirwork.Theyenjoyteachingotherstheirspecialskills.
Craftsmenhavehelpededucateconsumerstomakewisechoices.Theyhelpthembecomeawareofdesignandtechnique.Theyhelpthemrelatetheirchoicetoitsintendeduse.Theyofteninvolvetheconsumerintryingthecrafthimself.
Somecraftsaredoneinleisuretimeforpleasureorforextraincome.Moreandmorearedoneseriouslyfortotalincome.Learningthemarketingofcraftsisimportanttoallwhowishtoearnalivingbytheirtalentandskill.
Craftsmenoftenexchangeideasandresources.Asthisgroupexpandstoincludemorememberswithlikeinterestsandstandards,asmallcraftorganizationisformed.Laterthesegroupsmaybecomeachapterofastateguildiftheyhavemaintainedstandardsrequiredbytheguild.
Manyopportunitiesarethenavailable:trainingworkshopsinspecialmedia,craftmarketingtechniques,craftfairsandsalesfestivals,TVappearances,anddemonstrations.
Stateartscouncilshelpinpartiallysponsoringlocalartsandcraftsfestivals.Oftentheywillhelpaneworganizationwithsomebeginningworkshops.Somestateartscouncilshelpwithmarketingtraining.Bothguildsandsmallcraftgroupsworkingtogetherbringspecialstatustotheirstate.Theydrewcrowdsoftouristconsumerstoattendtheirfestivalsandfairs.Thisbooststheeconomyoftheareaconsiderablybecausethetouristsnotonlybuycrafts,buttheyalsousetherestaurantsandmotelsandotherservicesofthearea.
Historicalvillages,countrystores,privatelyownedshops,andgalleriesareafewoutletsthathavedevelopedtosellthequalityproductsoflocalcraftsmen.
1.Inthesecondparagraphtheauthorimpliesthat().
2.Craftsmenhavehelpedconsumersto().
3.Ifacraftsmanwantstoliveonhisskills,hehasto().
4.Specifically,“guild”inthistextrefersto().
5.Whichofthefollowingideadoesthetextintendtoexpress?
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.agoodcraftsmannowadayscandevotemostofhisdaytocreatingt
B.craftsmenhavealwaysbeenregardedwithrespectt
C.craftsusedtobedoneinleisuretimet
D.craftsmendonothavetoworkashardastheyusedtot
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.appreciatethebeautyofhandcraftedobjectst
B.appraisethequalityofhandcraftedobjectst
C.gainsomebasicknowledgeaboutcraftst
D.selectproperhandcraftedobjectst
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.joinacraftorganizationt
B.begoodatsellingt
C.consultthestateartscouncilt
D.exchangeideasandresourceswithothercraftsment
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.anorganizationofworkerswhichrepresentstheirinterestst
B.asocietywhichhasbeenformedforpoliticalreasonst
C.afoundationwhichprovidesmoneyforaspecialpurposet
D.anassociationofskilledworkerswhohavesimilarinterestst
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.“Craftsmen:Past&Present”t
B.“Crafts:ForWhomAreTheyMade.”t
C.“Crafts:BoomingBusiness.”t
D.“Craftsmen:PeopleintheKnow.”
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:D
第3題:B
第4題:D
第5題:A
【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。題干意思是“在第二段作者暗示……”。第二段提到Nolongerdoesagoodcraftsmanhavetoworkinajobhedislikesalldayandthentrytocreateatnightandonweekends.(一個(gè)好的工匠不再需要整天從事他不喜歡的工作,然后在晚上和周末嘗試創(chuàng)造),由此可推斷,一個(gè)好的工匠不再需要整天從事他不喜歡的工作,可以把時(shí)間放在創(chuàng)作上,故A項(xiàng)“一個(gè)好的工匠可以把一天中的大部分時(shí)間用來(lái)創(chuàng)作”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“工匠一直受到尊重”,第二段最后一句說(shuō)到Heisnowarespected,contributingmemberoftoday’ssociety.(他現(xiàn)在是當(dāng)今社會(huì)受人尊敬、有貢獻(xiàn)的一員),文中用到了now,可知工匠過(guò)去可能沒(méi)有受人尊敬,B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;C項(xiàng)“過(guò)去人們?cè)陂e暇時(shí)間做工藝品”和D項(xiàng)“工匠不需要像他們過(guò)去那樣努力工作”在第二段沒(méi)有提及。故該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。
第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“工匠已經(jīng)幫助顧客……”。第四段提到Craftsmenhavehelpededucateconsumerstomakewisechoices.(工匠幫助教消費(fèi)者做出明智的選擇),可知D項(xiàng)“選擇合適的手工制品”正確;A項(xiàng)“欣賞手工制品的美”和B項(xiàng)“評(píng)價(jià)手工制品的質(zhì)量”沒(méi)有提及;C項(xiàng)“獲得一些關(guān)于手工藝的基本知識(shí)”,第四段第二句提到Theyhelpthembecomeawareofdesignandtechnique.(他們幫助他們了解設(shè)計(jì)和技術(shù)),由此可知,工匠幫助消費(fèi)者了解技術(shù)和設(shè)計(jì),但并沒(méi)有提到技術(shù)和設(shè)計(jì)就是關(guān)于手工藝的基本知識(shí)。故該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。
第3題:推理判斷題。題干意思是“如果一個(gè)工匠想靠他的技術(shù)生活,他必須……”。第八段第一句提到Stateartscouncilshelpinpartiallysponsoringlocalartsandcraftsfestivals.(學(xué)習(xí)工藝品的市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷(xiāo)對(duì)所有希望依靠自己的才能和技能謀生的人來(lái)說(shuō)是很重要的),由此推斷,如果一個(gè)工匠希望依靠自己的技能謀生,那么他需要學(xué)習(xí)市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷(xiāo),故B項(xiàng)“擅長(zhǎng)銷(xiāo)售”正確。A項(xiàng)“加入一個(gè)手工藝組織”、C項(xiàng)“咨詢(xún)國(guó)家藝術(shù)委員會(huì)”和D項(xiàng)“與其他工匠交流思想和資源”是工匠提高自己技能所要做的事情,與題干不符。故該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。
第4題:語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。題干意思是“具體來(lái)說(shuō),本文中的‘guild’指的是……”。根據(jù)“guild”定位到文章第六段,Craftsmenoftenexchangeideasandresources.Asthisgroupexpandstoincludemorememberswithlikeinterestsandstandards,asmallcraftorganizationisformed.Laterthesegroupsmaybecomeachapterofastateguildiftheyhavemaintainedstandardsrequiredbytheguild.(工匠們經(jīng)常交流思想和資源;隨著這個(gè)群體的擴(kuò)大,包括更多有相同興趣和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的成員,一個(gè)小型工藝組織就形成了;如果他們保持了行會(huì)要求的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),之后這些團(tuán)體可能會(huì)成為州行會(huì)的一個(gè)分會(huì)),由此可知,guild本意是“協(xié)會(huì),行會(huì)”,在這里指的是“有相似興趣和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的手藝人組成的組織”,因此D項(xiàng)“一個(gè)有相似興趣的手藝人協(xié)會(huì)”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“代表手藝人興趣的組織”表述不夠全面;B項(xiàng)“一個(gè)因政治原因而形成的社會(huì)”和C項(xiàng)“為特殊目的提供資金的基金會(huì)”表述與原文不符合。故該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。
第5題:主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章想表達(dá)下列哪一種觀點(diǎn)?”。通讀全文可知,本文主要介紹了手工藝人和手工藝行業(yè)在過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在的發(fā)展情況,故A項(xiàng)“工匠:過(guò)去與現(xiàn)在”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“手工藝品:為誰(shuí)制作”、C項(xiàng)“工藝:蓬勃發(fā)展的生意”和D項(xiàng)“工匠:知情者”都比較片面。故該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。
3.單選題
Areportpublishedrecentlybringsbadnewsaboutairpollution.Itsuggeststhatitcouldbeasdamagingtoourhealthasexposuretotheradiationfromthe1986Ukrainenuclearpowerdisaster.ThereportwaspublishedbytheUKRoyalCommissiononEnvironmentalPollution.Butwhatcancitypeopledotoreduceexposuretoairpollution?Quitealot,itturnsout.
Avoidwalkinginbusystreets.Choosesidestreetsandparksinstead.Pollutionlevelscanfallaconsiderableamountjustbymovingafewmetersawayfromthemainpollutionsource—exhaustfumes(煙氣).Alsodon’twalkbehindsmokers.Walkonthewindwardsideofthestreetwhereexposuretopollutantscanbe50percentlessthanonthedownwindside.
Sittingonthedriver’ssideofabuscanincreaseyourexposureby10percent,comparedwithsittingonthesidenearestthepavement.Sittingupstairsonadouble-deckercanreduceexposure.Itisdifficulttosaywhethertravelingonanundergroundtrainisbetterorworsethantakingthebus.Airpollutiononundergroundtrainstendstobe,lesstoxicthanthatatstreetlevel,becauseundergroundpollutionismostlymadeupoftinyironparticlesthrownupbywheelshittingtherails.Butdieselandpetrolfumeshaveamixtureofpollutants.
Whenyouarecrossingaroad,standwellbackfromthecurbwhileyouwaitforthelighttochange.Everymeterreallydoescountwhenyouareclosetotraffic.Asthetrafficbeginstomove,fumescanbereducedinjustafewseconds.Soholdingyourbreathforjustamomentcanmakeadifference,eventhoughitmightsoundsilly.
Therearelargesuddenpollutionincreasesduringrushhours.Pollutionlevelsfallduringnighttime.Thetimeofyearalsomakesabigdifference.Pollutionlevelstendtobeattheirlowestduringspringandautumnwhenwindsarefreshest.Extremecoldorhotweatherhasatrappingeffectandtendstocauseabuild-upofpollutants.
1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
2.Accordingtothereport,airpollutioninbigcities().
3.Whenyouwalkinabusystreet,youshouldwalkontheside().
4.IfyoutakeabusinabigcityinChina,youshouldsit().
5.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat().
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Howtofightairpollutioninbigcities.t
B.Howtoavoidairpollutioninbigcities.t
C.Howtobreathefreshairinbigcities.t
D.Howseriousairpollutionisinbigcities.t
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.canbemoreseriousthanChermobylnucleardisastert
B.cannotbecomparedwiththedisasterinChermobylt
C.canreleaseasdamagingradiationastheChermobyldisastert
D.canbemoreseriousthanweusedtothinkt
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.wherethewindiscomingt
B.wherethewindisgoingt
C.wherethewindisweakert
D.wherethewindisstrongert
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.ontheleftsideinthebust
B.ontherightsideinthebust
C.inthemiddleofthebust
D.atthebackofthebust
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.peopleshouldnottakestreetleveltransportationt
B.tinyironparticleswillnotcausehealthproblemst
C.airpollutiononanundergroundtrainislesspoisonoust
D.travelingonanundergroundtrainisbetterthantakingthebus
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:D
第3題:A
第4題:B
第5題:C
【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章的主要內(nèi)容是什么?”。通讀全文可知,文章講述的是空氣污染以及人類(lèi)應(yīng)該如何避免受到空氣污染的傷害;根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句Butwhatcancitypeopledotoreduceexposuretoairpollution?(但是城市居民能做些什么來(lái)減少空氣污染呢)以及文章末段Pollutionlevelstendtobeattheirlowestduringspringandautumnwhenwindsarefreshest.Extremecoldorhotweatherhasatrappingeffectandtendstocauseabuild-upofpollutants.(春天和秋天的風(fēng)最清新,污染水平往往是最低的;極冷或極熱的天氣具有捕獲效應(yīng),往往會(huì)導(dǎo)致污染物的積累),由此可知,文章的主旨主要是講述如何在大城市呼吸到新鮮的空氣,因此C項(xiàng)“如何在大城市呼吸新鮮空氣”正確。A項(xiàng)“如何對(duì)抗大城市的空氣污染”和B項(xiàng)“如何避免大城市的空氣污染”在第二段到第四段都有提及到,但是比較片面,不能概括文章主旨;D項(xiàng)“大城市的空氣污染有多嚴(yán)重”,這是對(duì)空氣污染的細(xì)節(jié)描寫(xiě),不足以概括全文。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。
第2題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干意思是“根據(jù)報(bào)告,大城市的污染……”。根據(jù)第一段第二句Itsuggeststhatitcouldbeasdamagingtoourhealthasexposuretotheradiationfromthe1986Ukrainenuclearpowerdisaster.(它表明,它對(duì)我們健康的危害可能與1986年烏克蘭核電站災(zāi)難的輻射一樣大),由此可推斷,大城市的污染比我們想的要更嚴(yán)重得多,因此D項(xiàng)“遠(yuǎn)比我們想象的更嚴(yán)重”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“會(huì)比切爾莫比爾的核災(zāi)難更嚴(yán)重”,原文是說(shuō)一樣大,該項(xiàng)內(nèi)容錯(cuò)誤;B項(xiàng)“無(wú)法與切爾莫比爾的災(zāi)難相比”,內(nèi)容與原文相反;C項(xiàng)“能釋放出和切爾莫比爾災(zāi)難一樣破壞性的輻射”,空氣污染不會(huì)釋放輻射,C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。
第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“當(dāng)你走在繁忙的街道上,你應(yīng)該走在……馬路邊”。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句話Walkonthewindwardsideofthestreetwhereexposuretopollutantscanbe50percentlessthanonthedownwindside.(走在街道的迎風(fēng)一側(cè),接觸到的污染物比下風(fēng)一側(cè)少50%)可知,走在街道上時(shí),最好選擇迎風(fēng)的一側(cè)道路,所以A項(xiàng)“風(fēng)吹來(lái)的方向”正確。B項(xiàng)“風(fēng)吹走的方向”,內(nèi)容與原文相反;C項(xiàng)“風(fēng)較弱的地方”和D項(xiàng)“風(fēng)較強(qiáng)的地方”未提及。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。
第4題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干意思是“如果你在中國(guó)的大城市坐公交車(chē),你應(yīng)該坐……”。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句Sittingonthedriver’ssideofabuscanincreaseyourexposureby10percent,comparedwithsittingonthesidenearestthepavement.(與坐在離人行道最近的一側(cè)相比,坐在公交車(chē)司機(jī)一側(cè)會(huì)增加10%的暴露量),由此推測(cè),在中國(guó)乘坐公共汽車(chē),公共汽車(chē)?yán)锩婵坑疫叺淖豢諝馕廴静荒敲磭?yán)重,所以B項(xiàng)“公共汽車(chē)的右邊座位”正確。A項(xiàng)“公共汽車(chē)的左邊座位”,內(nèi)容與原文相反;C項(xiàng)“公共汽車(chē)的中間座位”和D項(xiàng)“公共汽車(chē)的后面座位”都未提及。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。
第5題:推理判斷題。題干意思是“這篇文章暗示了……”。文章第三段提到Itisdifficulttosaywhethertravelingonanundergroundtrainisbetterorworsethantakingthebus.Airpollutiononundergroundtrainstendstobe,lesstoxicthanthatatstreetlevel,becauseundergroundpollutionismostlymadeupoftinyironparticlesthrownupbywheelshittingtherails.(很難說(shuō)坐地鐵比坐公共汽車(chē)好還是壞;地鐵上的空氣污染比街道上的空氣污染毒性要小,因?yàn)榈叵挛廴局饕怯绍?chē)輪撞擊鐵軌時(shí)揚(yáng)起的微小鐵顆粒構(gòu)成的),由此可推斷,地鐵上也有空氣污染,但是比公共汽車(chē)上的污染毒性小一點(diǎn),所以C項(xiàng)“地鐵上的空氣污染毒性較小”正確。A項(xiàng)“人們不應(yīng)該乘坐街道交通工具”,該項(xiàng)內(nèi)容太絕對(duì);B項(xiàng)“細(xì)小的鐵顆粒不會(huì)引起健康問(wèn)題”,原文提到了地鐵空氣污染毒性比街道空氣污染毒性小,這并不代表地鐵的空氣污染不會(huì)引起健康問(wèn)題;D項(xiàng)“坐地鐵比坐公共汽車(chē)好”,原文提到“很難說(shuō)坐地鐵比坐公共汽車(chē)好還是壞”,所以D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。
4.單選題
Thedisagreementovertraderestrictionscouldseriously()relationsbetweenthetwocountries.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.tumble
B.jeopardize
C.manipulate
D.intimidate
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)tumble“摔倒,倒塌”,B項(xiàng)jeopardize“危害,使陷危地”,C項(xiàng)manipulate“操作,操縱”,D項(xiàng)intimidate“恐嚇,威脅”。根據(jù)句子關(guān)鍵詞disagreementovertraderestrictions(關(guān)于貿(mào)易限制的分歧)和relations(關(guān)系)可猜測(cè),空格部分表示“貿(mào)易分歧惡化了關(guān)系”,因此四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有jeopardize符合。句意:貿(mào)易限制問(wèn)題上的分歧可能?chē)?yán)重危及兩國(guó)關(guān)系。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。
5.單選題
Inthosedays,executiveexpectedtospendmostoftheirlivesinthesamefirmand,unlesstheyweredismissedfor()toretireattheageof65.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.integrity
B.denial
C.incompetence
D.deduction
【答案】C
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)integrity“完整,正直”,B項(xiàng)denial“否認(rèn),拒絕”,C項(xiàng)incompetence“無(wú)資格,無(wú)能力”,D項(xiàng)deduction“扣除,減除”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞dismissed(解雇)可知,只有C項(xiàng)可以成為被解雇的原因。句意:在那些日子里,高管們希望在同一家公司度過(guò)他們的大部分生命,除非他們因?yàn)闊o(wú)能而被解雇,否則他們將在65歲退休。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。
6.單選題
Thissummittalkisthoughttobeinstrumentalinbringingaboutpeaceinthisregion.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.helpful
B.useless
C.harmless
D.inappropriate
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。instrumental表示“有幫助的,樂(lè)器的”;A項(xiàng)helpful“有幫助的”,B項(xiàng)useless“無(wú)用的”,C項(xiàng)harmless“無(wú)害的,無(wú)惡意的”,D項(xiàng)inappropriate“不適當(dāng)?shù)?,不相稱(chēng)的”。句意:人們認(rèn)為,這次首腦會(huì)談?dòng)兄谠谠摰貐^(qū)實(shí)現(xiàn)和平。根據(jù)句意可知,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。
7.單選題
UndertherulesoftheInternationalOlympicCommittee,JimThorpeforfeitedhisamateurstatuswhenheplayedsemiprofessionalbaseballin1911.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.testedt
B.exploitedt
C.announcedt
D.lost
【答案】D
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。forfeit表示“喪失權(quán)利、名譽(yù)、生命等”;A項(xiàng)test“測(cè)試”,B項(xiàng)exploit“開(kāi)發(fā),開(kāi)拓”,C項(xiàng)announce“宣布”,D項(xiàng)lost“丟失,喪失”。句意:根據(jù)國(guó)際奧委會(huì)的規(guī)定,當(dāng)吉姆索普在1911年參加半職業(yè)棒球比賽時(shí),他就喪失了業(yè)余棒球運(yùn)動(dòng)員的身份。根據(jù)句意可知,該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。
8.單選題
Doctorsareinterestedinusinglasersasasurgicaltoolinoperationsonpeoplewhoare()toheartattack.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.infectious
B.disposed
C.accessible
D.prone
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)infectious“傳染的,傳染性的”,B項(xiàng)disposed“有……傾向的;打算做……的”,C項(xiàng)accessible“易接近的,可進(jìn)入的”,D項(xiàng)prone“俯臥的,有……傾向的”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞heartattack(心臟?。膳懦鼳、C選項(xiàng)。bedisposedto表示“有……傾向”,后面一般跟todo;beproneto表示“易于,有……的傾向”,后面一般跟名詞;heartattack是名詞,只有D項(xiàng)符合。句意:醫(yī)生們對(duì)使用激光作為外科手術(shù)工具對(duì)易患心臟病的人進(jìn)行手術(shù)很感興趣。故該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。
9.單選題
Lastmonth,thepublicaddresssystematEarl’sCourtsubwaystationinLondonwasorderedtogetthenoisedown.Passengers,itseems,hadhadenoughofbeingtoldtheblindinglyobvious:“Standbackorthetrainwillrunyouover.”“Don’tleanonthedoors.”“Standbackfromtheopeningdoors.”“Dothis.”“Don’tdothat.”
Bossinessisnotjustaural.Itisalsowritten.Asacommuter,I’mcontinuallybombardedbynoticesoncarwalls.“Pleasetakeyourfeetoftheseat.”“Pleaseturndownyourpersonalstereo.”AndwhenIdrivepastthelocalprimary,asignflashes:“School.Slowdown!”
ThepresumptionbehindthesesignsisthatBritonsmusthaveeverythingspelledoutbecausewearetow,uncivilizedpeoplewhowereraisedbywolves.
Britaindidn’tusetobesobossy.WhenIwasaboy,forinstance,thelocalcinemaputawarmingonscreenbeforewesettleddowntowatch.“Don’t,”itsaid,“makenoises.”Inthosedays,longbeforemobilephones,itwastheonlybossinesswesawinthecinema.Sincethen,bossinesshasbecomemorecommonplace.Television,thatstrongestguidetopublicmoralsandlifestylesinthiscountry,isalivewithdominantpeople.Onscreen,weseehealthexpertsholdingsomepoorwoman’sbreastsanddemandingthatshegetinshape.Cookingprogramstellusnottothinkofleavingtoastcrumbsonthekitchentable.
ThereisnopointinblamingTVforthisnewbossiness.Wewanttobebossed.Wehavebehavedbadlyandnowweyearntofeelthewhiptocorrectus.OnJuly1,smokingwillbebannedinpublicplacesinEngland.Mylocalgovernmenttoldchurchesinthearealastweekthatno-smokingpostersmustbeprominentlydisplayedbychurchentrances.
Ilovethis:thegovernmentsarebossingpeopletomakethembossier.Theyareinsistingthatprieststelltheircongregations(教區(qū)的教民)whattodo.
Mylocalgovernmentisn’ttheonlysourceofbossiness.Ifinditeverywhere.Buttheriseinbossinessdoesnotseemtohavebeenaccompaniedbyariseinsociallywell-adjustedbehavior.Infact,theopposite.Perhapsthisisbecause,ifyoufeelasthoughyouaretreatedwithcontempt,youwillrespondwiththesame.
1.ThecaseatEarl’sCourtsubwaystationshowsthat().
2.ItispresumedthatbossinessiseverywherebecauseBritons().
3.Itissuggestedinthepassagethat().
4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
5.Theauthorwritesthispassageina().
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.itisverynoisyinpublicplaces
B.itisnecessarytowarmthepassengersoftheirsafety
C.peoplehaverealizedtheimportanceofpublicorder
D.peoplehavebeentiredofbeingbossed
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.needtobebossedtobehavethemselves
B.wanttoberemindedofhowtobehavewell
C.musthaveeverythingspelledout
D.areraisedinuncivilizedsociety
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.nowBritonsbehavemuchbetterthantheydidinthepast
B.inthepastBritonsbehavedmuchbetterthantheydonow
C.thedominantpeopleonscreenshouldbeblamedforthenewbossiness
D.televisionhasmisguidedthepublicmoralsandlifestylesinBritain
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.Televisionshouldplayaroleinenhancingpublicmorals.
B.Thelocalgovernmenthasgotinvolvedinthechurchactivities.
C.Thegovernmentswanttomakethemselvesmoreauthoritativebybossingpeople.
D.Theriseinbossinesshashelpedtheimprovementofpeople’sbehavior.
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.funnytone
B.criticizingtone
C.friendlytone
D.radicaltone
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:A
第3題:B
第4題:C
第5題:B
【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。題干意思是“厄爾法院地鐵站的案子表明……”。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句Passengers,itseems,hadhadenoughofbeingtoldtheblindinglyobvious(乘客們似乎已經(jīng)受夠了那些顯而易見(jiàn)的事情盲目地被人提醒)可推測(cè),地鐵站的公共廣播總是重復(fù)相同的且顯而易見(jiàn)的事情,讓人們感到厭倦,所以D項(xiàng)“人們已經(jīng)厭倦了被人指揮”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“公共場(chǎng)所很吵”比較片面,人們覺(jué)得公共廣播系統(tǒng)很吵的原因是因?yàn)樗恢敝貜?fù)提醒大家一些顯而易見(jiàn)的東西;B項(xiàng)“有必要讓乘客感到安全”和C項(xiàng)“人們已經(jīng)意識(shí)到公共秩序的重要性”都不符合原文的意思。故該題選D正確。
第2題:細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“人們認(rèn)為專(zhuān)橫跋扈無(wú)處不在是因?yàn)橛?guó)人……”。根據(jù)第二段Bossinessisnotjustaural.Itisalsowritten.Asacommuter,I’mcontinuallybombardedbynoticesoncarwalls.Pleasetakeyourfeetoftheseat.”“Pleaseturndownyourpersonalstereo.”AndwhenIdrivepastthelocalprimary,asignflashes:“School.Slowdown!”(霸道不僅僅是口頭上的,它也是書(shū)面上的;作為一名通勤者,我不斷被汽車(chē)墻上的告示轟炸:“請(qǐng)?jiān)谧簧献隆!薄罢?qǐng)把你的立體聲音響關(guān)小一點(diǎn)?!碑?dāng)我開(kāi)車(chē)經(jīng)過(guò)當(dāng)?shù)氐男W(xué)時(shí),一個(gè)指示牌閃過(guò):“學(xué)校。慢下來(lái)!”)可以推斷,英國(guó)在公共場(chǎng)合出現(xiàn)很多語(yǔ)音或者書(shū)面的提示是因?yàn)樗麄兿胍怀鲎约憾Y貌的行為舉止,所以A項(xiàng)“需要被提醒禮貌的舉止”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“想要?jiǎng)e人提醒你如何舉止得體”為干擾項(xiàng),英國(guó)廣播系統(tǒng)到處提示人們是提醒英國(guó)人應(yīng)該舉止禮貌,該項(xiàng)過(guò)度解讀所以錯(cuò)誤;C項(xiàng)“必須把一切都說(shuō)清楚”,在第三段第一句提到ThepresumptionbehindthesesignsisthatBritonsmusthaveeverythingspelledout(這些跡象背后的假設(shè)是,英國(guó)人必須把一切都說(shuō)清楚)可知,這里只是提出的一個(gè)假設(shè),所以該項(xiàng)不選;D項(xiàng)“在不文明的社會(huì)長(zhǎng)大”文中未提及。故該題選A正確。
第3題:推理判斷題。題干意思是“這篇文章暗示了……”。根據(jù)文章第四段第一句Britaindidn’tusetobesobossy(英國(guó)過(guò)去可沒(méi)這么專(zhuān)橫)和第五句Sincethen,bossinesshasbecomemorecommonplace.(從那以后,專(zhuān)橫跋扈變得越來(lái)越普遍)可知,過(guò)去的英國(guó)人比現(xiàn)在的英國(guó)人表現(xiàn)要好得多,所以B項(xiàng)“過(guò)去英國(guó)人比現(xiàn)在表現(xiàn)得好得多”正確。A項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在英國(guó)人的行為比過(guò)去好多了”,內(nèi)容與原文正相反;C項(xiàng)“屏幕上占主導(dǎo)地位的人應(yīng)該為這種新的霸道行為負(fù)責(zé)”,第五段提到ThereisnopointinblamingTVforthisnewbossiness.(指責(zé)電視的這種新霸道是沒(méi)有意義的)可知,C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;D項(xiàng)“電視誤導(dǎo)了英國(guó)公眾的道德和生活方式”,第四段倒數(shù)第三句提到Television,thatstrongestguidetopublicmoralsandlifestylesinthiscountry,isalivewithdominantpeople.(電視是這個(gè)國(guó)家公共道德和生活方式最有力的引導(dǎo),它與占統(tǒng)治地位的人共存),由此可知,文中只是提到電視是公共道德和生活方式最有力的引導(dǎo),而沒(méi)有強(qiáng)調(diào)它誤導(dǎo)了英國(guó)公眾的道德和生活方式,所以D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。故該題選B正確。
第4題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干意思是“根據(jù)短文,下列哪個(gè)陳述是正確的?”。第六段提到Ilovethis:Thegovernmentsarebossingpeopletomakethembossier.(我喜歡這個(gè):政府對(duì)人頤指氣使,使他們更專(zhuān)橫),由此可推斷,政府是想通過(guò)對(duì)人頤指氣使來(lái)使他們顯得更具有權(quán)威,所以C項(xiàng)“政府想通過(guò)對(duì)人頤指氣使使自己更有權(quán)威”正確。根據(jù)第四段倒數(shù)第三句Television,thatstrongestguidetopublicmoralsandlifestylesinthiscountry,isalivewithdominantpeople.(電視是這個(gè)國(guó)家公共道德和生活方式最有力的引導(dǎo),它與占統(tǒng)治地位的人共存)可知,A項(xiàng)“電視應(yīng)該在提高公共道德方面發(fā)揮作用”內(nèi)容比較片面;B項(xiàng)“當(dāng)?shù)卣呀?jīng)參與了教會(huì)的活動(dòng)”文章中未提及;最后一段提到Buttheriseinbossinessdoesnotseemtohavebeenaccompaniedbyariseinsociallywell-adjustedbehavior.(但專(zhuān)橫跋扈的增多似乎并沒(méi)有伴隨著社會(huì)適應(yīng)性良好行為的增多),由此可知D項(xiàng)“專(zhuān)橫跋扈的興起有助于人們行為的改善”錯(cuò)誤。故該題選C正確。
第5題:觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題干意思是“作者以一種……語(yǔ)調(diào)寫(xiě)了這篇文章”。根據(jù)第一段hadhadenoughofbeingtoldtheblindinglyobvious(已經(jīng)受夠了那些顯而易見(jiàn)的提醒)中的blindly(盲目地)和第三段Britonsmusthaveeverythingspelledoutbecausewearetow,uncivilizedpeoplewhowereraisedbywolves.(英國(guó)人必須把一切都說(shuō)清楚,因?yàn)槲覀兪潜焕丘B(yǎng)大的野蠻人)以及文章最后一句ifyoufeelasthoughyouaretreatedwithcontempt,youwillrespondwiththesame(如果你覺(jué)得別人輕視你,你也會(huì)以同樣的態(tài)度來(lái)對(duì)待他們),由此可知,作者是用一種諷刺的手法寫(xiě)這篇文章的,所以B項(xiàng)“批判的語(yǔ)氣”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“有趣的語(yǔ)氣”、C項(xiàng)“友好的語(yǔ)氣”和D項(xiàng)“激進(jìn)的語(yǔ)氣”都不正確。故該題選B。
10.單選題
Therehavebeensomespeculationsattimesastowhowilltakeoverthecompany.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.onoccasion
B.atpresent
C.bynow
D.forsure
【答案】A
【解析】考查詞組辨析。attimes表示“有時(shí),偶爾”;A項(xiàng)onoccasion“有時(shí),偶爾”,B項(xiàng)atpresent“目前,現(xiàn)在”,C項(xiàng)bynow“到目前為止”,D項(xiàng)forsure“確實(shí),毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)”。句意:關(guān)于誰(shuí)將接管公司,不時(shí)有一些猜測(cè)。根據(jù)句意可知,選擇A項(xiàng)正確。
11.單選題
HamiltonhopedforanationofcitieswhileJeffersoncontendedthatthecountryshouldremainchieflyagricultural
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.inclined
B.struggled
C.argued
D.competed
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。contend表示“主張,斗爭(zhēng)”;A項(xiàng)incline“傾向于”,B項(xiàng)struggle“奮斗,斗爭(zhēng)”,C項(xiàng)argue“爭(zhēng)論,辯論”,D項(xiàng)compete“競(jìng)爭(zhēng),比賽”。句意:漢密爾頓希望國(guó)家是由城市組成的,而杰斐遜則主張國(guó)家應(yīng)以農(nóng)業(yè)為主。根據(jù)句意可知,選擇C項(xiàng)正確。
12.翻譯題
該法案旨在對(duì)美國(guó)中小學(xué)進(jìn)行教育改革并使所有兒童有機(jī)會(huì)得到高質(zhì)量的教育。最終目標(biāo)是確保無(wú)一人落后。由于此法案的實(shí)施,學(xué)校有更多的靈活性把資源用于最急需的地方。父母可更多地參與孩子的教育。
【答案】答:
TheactaimstoreformAmerica’selementaryandsecondaryschoolsandgiveallchildrenaccesstoahigh-qualityeducation.Theultimategoalistoensurenooneisleftbehind.Asaresultoftheimplementationofthisact,schoolsenjoysmoreflexibilitytouseresourceswheretheyaremostneeded.Parentscanbemoreinvolvedintheirchildren’seducation.
13.單選題
Thepublicattachedgreatimportancetothenewsthatpricesofhousingwouldbebroughtundercontrol.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.joined
B.ascribed
C.fastened
D.diverted
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。attach表示“依附,附加”,attachimportanceto表示“重視,著重于”;A項(xiàng)join“參加”,B項(xiàng)ascribe“歸因于,歸咎于”,C項(xiàng)fasten“使之固定”,D項(xiàng)divert“轉(zhuǎn)移”。句意:公眾對(duì)房?jī)r(jià)將得到控制的消息非常重視。根據(jù)句意可知,只有ascribe能與greatimportance匹配,故該題B項(xiàng)正確。
14.單選題
Johnhassuch()powerthathisfriendsalwaysbehaveinthewaythathewantsthemto.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.convincing
B.feasible
C.operational
D.manipulative
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)convincing“令人信服的,有說(shuō)服力的”,B項(xiàng)feasible“可行的,可能的”,C項(xiàng)operational“操作的,運(yùn)作的”,D項(xiàng)manipulative“巧妙處理的,操縱的”。根據(jù)空格后面的句意“他的朋友們總是按他所希望的那樣行事”可知,空格部分填入convincing最合適。句意:約翰很有說(shuō)服力,他的朋友們總是按他所希望的那樣行事。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。
15.單選題
Thepresidentialcandidate()hispositionbywinningseveralprimaryelections.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.enforced
B.enriched
C.intensified
D.consolidated
【答案】D
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)enforce“實(shí)施,執(zhí)行,強(qiáng)制”,B項(xiàng)enrich“使充實(shí),使肥沃”,C項(xiàng)intensify“增加,強(qiáng)化”,D項(xiàng)consolidate“鞏固,加強(qiáng)”。根據(jù)后面的hispositionbywinningseveralprimaryelections(通過(guò)贏得幾次初選而獲得職位)可知,空格部分表示“鞏固”。句意:這位總統(tǒng)候選人通過(guò)贏得幾次初選鞏固了自己的地位。故該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。
16.單選題
Inspiteofthetaxingbusinessschedule,hemanagedtotakesometimeoffforexercise.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.imposing
B.demanding
C.compulsory
D.temporary
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。taxing表示“費(fèi)力的”;A項(xiàng)imposing“壯觀的”,B項(xiàng)demanding“苛求的,吃力的”,C項(xiàng)compulsory“義務(wù)的”,D項(xiàng)temporary“暫時(shí)的”。句意:盡管業(yè)務(wù)繁忙,他還是抽出時(shí)間鍛煉身體。根據(jù)句意可知B項(xiàng)正確。
17.問(wèn)答題
Indealingwithastudentwhoisactingaggressivelytowardhisclassmates,youwanttosendastrongmessagethataggressivebehaviorwillnotbetoleratedinyourclassroom.Inaddition,youwanttohelphimdevelopmoreappropriatewaysofsettlingdisputeswithhispeers.
Iftwoelementaryschoolstudentsareengagedinafight,useastrongloudvoicetostopit.Ifthatdoesn’twork,youmightsaysomethingodd(“Lookup!Theceilingisfalling!”)todiverttheirattention.Iftheystilldon’tstopandyoucan’tseparatethem,sendastudenttotheofficetogethelp.Ifacrowdofchildrenisgathering,insistthattheymoveawayorsitdown,perhapsclappingyourhandstogettheirattention:(1)Aftertheincidentisover,meetwiththecombatantstogethersotheycangiveyoutheirversionsofwhathappenedandyoucanhelpthemresolveanylingeringproblems.Alsonotifytheparents.
Speakinafirm,no-nonsensemannertostopastudent’saggressivebehavior:usephysicalrestraintasalastresort.Whenrespondingtothestudent,payattentiontoyourverbalaswellasnon-verballanguage.Evenifheisyellingatyou,staycalm.Allowhimtoexpresswhatheisupsetaboutwithoutinterruptinghimandthenacknowledgehisfeelings.Avoidcrossingyourarms,pointingafingerormakingthreats:(2)anyofthoseactionscouldintensifyhisangerandstiffenhisresistance.
Youmightconcludethatastudent’saggressivebehaviorwarrantsseparatinghimfromtherestoftheclass,eithertosendhimastrongmessagethatwhathedidmeritsaseriousconsequenceortoprotecttheotherstudents.Youcandothatbygivinghimatimeoutinclassorbysendinghimtotheoffice.
Althoughhemightexpectyoutoreact(3)punitively,surprisehimbyreactingsupportively.Expressyourconfidencethathecanresolveproblemswithoutbeinghurtfultohispeers.Tellhimthatyouthinkhemustbeupsetaboutsomethingtolosecontrolashedidandyouwanttounderstandwhatmightbebotheringhim.Ifhedoesopenuptoyou,listenattentivelywithoutinterrupting.(4)Speakinginacalmvoice,tellhimthatyouunderstandwhyhewasupset,butstressthathehastofindawaytoexpresshisangerwithwordsratherthanwithhishands.
Youdon’twanttoforceanaggressivestudenttosayheissorrybecausethatmightfuelhisanger,however,youdowanttostronglyencouragehimtomakeamendswiththestudenthehit.(5)Ifheiswillingtodothat,itwillhelpsoothehurtfeelingsandavoidfutureconflicts.
【答案】答:
1.Youneedtochatwithcombatantsengagedinthefightsoonafterwards,toknowthedetaileddescriptionofincidentsandhelptoreconcilethebothside,andinformtheirparents.
2.Anycriticalspeechandactivitywillintensifyaggressivestudent’sangerandstiffenhisresistance.
3.involvingpunishment
4.Speakingtohimcalmlytotellyourunderstandingabouthisupset,youstressthatheshouldlearntoexpressintenseemotionwithwordsratherthanwithfightingways.
5.Onceanaggressivestudentiswillingtosaysorrywithoutinstruction,itwillhelpsoothothers’hurtfeelingandavoidfutureconflicts.
【解析】1.原文句意是:事件結(jié)束后,與打架的雙方學(xué)生見(jiàn)面,讓他們告訴你發(fā)生了什么,幫助他們化解相互之間的矛盾,同時(shí)還要通知家長(zhǎng)。通過(guò)分析原文句子,該句的意思是兩層:一是在打架后和學(xué)生談話并了解情況,二是通知家長(zhǎng)。故該句子可以改寫(xiě)為Youneedtochatwithcombatantsengagedinthefightsoonafterwards,toknowthedetaileddescriptionofincidentsandhelptoreconcilethebothside,andinformtheirparents(你需要和打架同學(xué)交談,了解事件的詳情,幫助調(diào)解雙方,并告知他們的父母)。
2.原文句意是:任何這些行為都可能加劇他的憤怒和加強(qiáng)他的抵抗。根據(jù)原文可知原句中的thoseactions指的是上文所提到的行為,上文提到Evenifheisyellingatyou,staycalm.(即使他對(duì)你大喊大叫,你也要保持冷靜)和Avoidcrossingyourarms,pointingafingerormakingthreats(避免交叉雙臂,用手指或威脅),由此可知,thoseactions指的是言語(yǔ)和動(dòng)作上的行為,所以該句可以擴(kuò)充改寫(xiě)為Anycriticalspeechandactivitywillintensifyaggressivestudent’sangerandstiffenhisresistance(任何批評(píng)性的言論和活動(dòng)都會(huì)加劇好斗學(xué)生的憤怒,加強(qiáng)他們的反抗)。
3.原文中這個(gè)詞語(yǔ)的意思是“懲罰地”;整個(gè)句子的意思是:雖然他可能期望你的反應(yīng)是懲罰性的,但讓他驚訝的是你的反應(yīng)是支持的。這里可以把punitively副詞形式改寫(xiě)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式involvingpunishment(設(shè)計(jì)懲罰)。
4.原文句意是:用平靜的聲音告訴他,你理解他為什么難過(guò),但強(qiáng)調(diào)他必須用語(yǔ)言來(lái)表達(dá)憤怒,而不是用手。原文的clam(冷靜的)可以改為副詞,即calmly(冷靜地);anger(憤怒)可以換一種說(shuō)法,即intenseemotion(強(qiáng)烈的感情);那么整個(gè)句子就是Speakingtohimcalmlytotellyourunderstandingabouthisupset,youstressthatheshouldlearntoexpressintenseemotionwithwordsratherthanwithfightingways(平靜地和他說(shuō)話,告訴他你理解他的難過(guò),強(qiáng)調(diào)他應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)用語(yǔ)言而不是用爭(zhēng)斗的方式表達(dá)強(qiáng)烈的情感)。
5.原文句意是:如果他愿意這樣做,這將有助于安撫受傷的感情,避免未來(lái)的沖突。這個(gè)句子我們要理解原句中that所指代的內(nèi)容;原文最后一段第一句提到y(tǒng)oudowanttostronglyencouragehimtomakeamendswiththestudenthehit.(你確實(shí)想要強(qiáng)烈鼓勵(lì)他向他打過(guò)的學(xué)生賠罪),由此可知,that所指代的內(nèi)容就是鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生道歉;那么這個(gè)句子可以解釋為Onceanaggressivestudentiswillingtosaysorrywithoutinstruction,itwillhelpsoothothers’hurtfeelingandavoidfutureconflicts(一旦一個(gè)好斗的學(xué)生愿意在沒(méi)有得到指導(dǎo)的情況下說(shuō)對(duì)不起,這將有助于緩解他人受到的傷害,避免未來(lái)的沖突)。
18.單選題
Withoutclearguidelines(),executivesofhospitalsaresometimesatalossaboutwhattodo.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.inorder
B.inplace
C.inneed
D.introuble
【答案】B
【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)inorder“整齊,秩序井然”,B項(xiàng)inplace“適當(dāng),在恰當(dāng)?shù)奈恢谩保珻項(xiàng)inneed“在危難中,在窮困中”,D項(xiàng)introuble表示“處于不幸中”。句意
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